Introduction: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the newly developed respiratory disease that is caused by a novel Corona virus which was first testified in Wuhan, China in December 2019.The common clinical manifestations of this highly infectious disease, fever, dry cough, tiredness and less common symptoms are aches, pain, sore throat, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, headache, loss of taste or smell, a rash on skin, or discoloration of fingers or toes. The most Serious symptoms which can put the patient in life threatening condition are difficulty breathing or shortness of breath, chest pain or pressure, loss of speech or movement (WHO, 2020). The health care workers' adherence to the recommended measures taken to prevent trans mission are inevitable to minimize the increasing number of COVID-19 cases. This can be achieved by enhancing knowledge, positive attitudes, and infection control practices of the frontline workers. Objective: To analyze the covid-19 fear and anxiety among health care professionals especially front line nurses who are putting their efforts to serve and save life of public at a tertiary care hospital Lahore. Evaluate the psychological impact of COVID -19 on nurses. Every one suffers a great fear but this pandemic and lack of proper research based articles and increased mortality rate leads to psychological stress among nurses. Material and method: This was a cross-sectional quantitative study; Nurses who were directly in contact with infected or suspected COVD-19 patients on the frontline were invited to participate by random sampling method. An international standardized psychological impact questionnaire was used to see the psychological impact of COVID-19 on nurses. Data was collected by the researchers through electronic media. Results: Result from 10 May 2021, a Total of 100 electronic questionnaires were collected, of which 20 questionnaires were excluded because of the uncompleted answer finally 80 valid questionnaires were included in the analysis. All the analysis were conducted using SPSS Descriptive statistic were presented as frequency and constituent ratio mean and standard deviation SD were calculated for quantitative variables such as age, according to the data type. Categorical variables such as gender, marital status education, and family type were expressed as frequencies and percentages. Psychological impact of COVID-19 was coded as dichotomous variables and licked scale according to the evaluation method of the scale. thus the relationship between psychological impact and categorical variable Age, Gender, education level etc, was analysis by Chi-square test, the comparison of psychological impact among nurses the four point Likert scale of worried ness such as “Never” “ Sometime” “ Often” “ Always”. Liner regression model were developed to explore the impact association among health care and to estimate the possible, demographic predictors by using unadjusted and adjusted model of Age, Gender. Marital status, education. Conclusion: The study result revealed that 88.8% of the frontline nurses experienced psychological distress, evidenced by their score on the GHQ. 68.8% nurse was suffered from insomnia due to excessive stress. 80.0% nurses always feel you under tension due to performing duty on COVID19.only 60.0% nurses were enjoyed their leisure time after their shift. The nurses 52.5% said they understand that they can’t solve problems.

The act of inhalation and exhalation is called breathing and the exchange of gases in the lungs the ventilation and perfusion are called respiration. Impaired breathing or any limitation in breathing can lead to various problems, and this limitation or impairment can be due to therapeutic surgeries and general anesthesia. The study aims at efficacy assessment of respiratory exercises on selected respiratory parameters. Recording of the respiratory parameters before and after respiratory exercises was done among post-operative laparotomy patients. Association of the socio-demographic variable with post-exercise respiratory parameter scores was calculated with help of the chi-square test. An experimental research design was adopted and a consecutive sampling technique was used to select 50 subjects. Data was obtained from study subjects with the help of Performa developed consists of Part-A –sociodemographic profile. Part- B – format for recording the measurements of selected respiratory parameters. Part-C – protocol on respiratory parameters. Part- D – Protocol on respiratory exercise. Approval was taken from the research and ethical committee of the institution. Data analysis was done. Result concluded that there was no significant difference between the pretest and post score of the experiment group. It can be due to the smaller sample size (n=25). However, it can be established with a lower sample size. On other hand, the “t” value calculated between control and experiment study reviled significant difference therefore conclusion was drawn that respiratory exercises were effective to bring change in respiratory parameters

The paper represents the economic crisis in Georgia caused by the covid-19 pandemic. The negative impact of the crisis on Georgia’s economy is significant and by the end of 2020 it was already possible to express its effect in specific numbers and therefore, to make predictions and recommendations. The economic crisis primarily affects the developing countries, where the economy is experiencing a real sector deficit, negative balance of foreign trade that is balanced by attracting the tourism sector and foreign direct investments. Considering the Georgia’s less developed economy the crisis pushes government to use monetary and fiscal instruments for stimulating the economy in the short and medium run, while in the long-term period it faces a wide range of challenges including local and international economy.

Space closure is a challenging process in orthodontic therapy. Ability of space closure after extraction requires great skills otherwise can result in relapse.Space closure can be done either by enmasse method or two step retraction method. In severe crowding cases, canine can be individually retracted and the anterior can be allowed to align by themselves without any orthodontic forces. Mullighan’s bypass arch is one such method where these both mechanics can be incorporated. In this case report, Mullighan’s bypass arch was used in lower arch to aid in avoiding the unwanted moment caused by the loop and produces more of a bodily retraction of the canine and at the same time decrowding the anterior teeth.

The aims of the study are to explore why schools declined strategic management to improve educational administration quality satisfaction, and to recognize how schools practiced strategic management. A qualitative method with a case study design was applied, along with observation, interviews, and documentation. The samples were three prominent State Senior High Schools in the province-Indonesia. A Creswell model utilized a qualitative descriptive analysis of data along with the application of Atlas.ti-9.1 applied. The findings are; Strategic management is underutilized because they perform either ordinary management or disregard service excellence in academic administration. Lack of human capital hampers the application of strategic management, such as specialists, academic administration, public service science, and a low level of administrative service quality. It also identifies barriers and deficiencies in the size of personnel service, communication facilities, and other supports. The conclusion seemed that strategic management is the management and coordination of a strategic school effort in creating adjustments and reforming the organization toward excellence and standard quality. The implication is that schools should compete with others in administrative services, such as technical skill, conceptual ability, and availability of infrastructure facilities, the competency or professionalism of service people.

Unorthodox urban transport parking and the proliferation of motor parks has elicited traffic congestion and chaos in the city of Bamenda. This article seeks to address the disorder through the creation of a multipurpose motor park as palliative to the disorder accrued. The paper advocates that a harmonized parking sector would not only decongest the city, but will as well maintain urban order. Some 182 questionnaires were administered to the city dwellers, transport agency owners and administrative authorities for first-hand information on the need for a multipurpose motor park. Field observation and interview sessions were carried out to confirm primary information acquired. The GPS was used to capture points for mapping of existing parks and the proposed multipurpose one. An in-depth documentary research was done to have information on the situation of the Bamenda city to propose solutions. Data collected was treated and analysed through the ArcGIS 10.0 and AutoCAD Map 3D to realise maps and diagrams for results. The Microsoft excel spread sheet was used to treat and generate tables for presentation and analyses. Results from findings disclose that the multiplying of motor parks in the city of Bamenda from all angles both as private and public has initiated disorder in the sector. Close to 63% of the parks are owned by private individuals who are more profit oriented than public interest focused leading to disorder. Demographic pressure from the perpetual increase in the population of Bamenda from 48,111 inhabitants in 1976 to 755,602 in 2020 has favoured congestion. The traffic flow of the city which is concentrated on its popular inlet through Up-Station from other regions has provoked severe congestion in the city. Uncontrolled parking has instigated urban transport chaos which can be salvaged through the creation of a multipurpose motor park.

This study aims to determine whether Financial Target, External Pressure, and Ineffective monitoring can influence managers in conducting Financial Statement Fraud. A total of 7 food and beverage companies are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2015 - 2019. This study uses purposive sampling as a sampling technique and documentation as a data collection technique. The data that has been collected is then analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. The results of hypothesis testing show that (1) financial targets have no effect on financial statement fraud, (2) external pressure has no effect on financial statement fraud, (3) ineffective monitoring has no effect on financial statement fraud, and (4) financial targets, external pressure, and ineffective monitoring simultaneously affect the financial statement fraud.

Dental fluorosis is a common disorder characterized by hypomineralisation of the tooth surface and affect the aesthetic appearance of the teeth. (2) It is caused by excessive and chronic consumption of fluoride during odontogenesis. (1) The affected teeth are characterized by the presence of stains with different colors (white or brown) associated or not to loss of substance (1). This aesthetic damage has a significant impact on the quality of patient’s life. (1, 2, 3). To manage this aesthetic problem, superficial irregularities and certain intrinsic stains could be solved by Enamel micro-abrasion procedure. This conservative technique could be followed by in-office or at-home bleaching. (1, 2, 3) Hence, the objectives of this article are: • To discuss the indications and limitations of enamel microabrasion. • To present three case reports treated by enamel microabrasion.

Osteosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of the bone, commonly affecting the long bones. The involvement of the jaws is rarely noticed. This neoplasm often shows a typical clinical behavior as well as varied radiological appearances. To confirm the final diagnosis of an osteosarcoma, it is often required to carry out a histopathological examination of the multiple biopsy specimens. Moreover, a vigorous discussion amongst experts is as well required. In light of their aggressive behavior, an early diagnosis is crucial to determine the adequate treatment. Dental professionals may be the first to detect jaw osteosarcomas in their initial stages. This article presents a case of maxillary osteosarcoma in a 45-year-old male patient with important evolution due to delayed diagnosis. It also highlights the importance of CT scan and MRI in the control of tumor progression and in the choice of the adequate treatment.

Background/Objectives: The following study was performed to test and compare the shear bond strength and of the orthodontics brackets bonded to extracted human premolar teeth using various etching procedures and also to determine the brackets / adhesive failure mode. Materials/Methods: The teeth were acid-etched using 37% orthophosphoric acid, laser-etched with Er: YAG (Fotona Lares, wavelength, 2 940 nm) and both acid etching followed by laser etching. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to all the teeth using Transbond XT paste (3M Unitek). Results: Shear bond strength of all teeth of each group was determined by using Universal testing machine. Data obtained were compared by Kruskal Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square (χ2) test was used to compare the adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores for all the three groups. Conclusions: The study found laser-etched procedure more effective than acid-etched procedure and both acid and laser-etched procedures in the management of orthodontics.

This research work is premised on investigating the failing state of the Sango Ota- Owode expressway with design life of 20 years when it was first opened to traffic in 1974. It was reconstructed in 1993 through 2000 when it was fully opened to traffic again. However, it has become unserviceable with several deformations and deterioration all over the entire road. Eight soil samples were collected at the chosen failed sections and five soil samples at the good section for both sub-grade and sub-base, Twenty six samples all together. The soil samples were tested to determine the Atterberg limits, particle size distribution, compaction and California bearing ratio and the results were compared with the Federal Ministry of works and housing (1994) general specification. The Optimum Moisture Content (O.M.C) test result for the sub-grade and sub-base materials shows that none of the eight samples met the required criteria as their values were greater than the maximum of 7% specified. Only three samples of locations at Km 28+100 (o-s), Km 25+069 (o-s) and Km 24+000 (o-s) with values of 8%, 7% and 8% respectively, met the soaked CBR condition of at least 7%, while only two samples of locations at Km 28+100 (o-s) and Km 24+000 (o-s) with subgrade CBR values of 16% and 17%, met the unsoaked criterion. For the sub-base, only samples of location Km 25+069 (o-s) with value of 34% met the soaked CBR value of at least 30% while samples of locations at Km 28+100 (o-s) and Km 25+069 (o-s) with unsoaked CBR values of 80% and 82% respectively, which met the minimum 80% criterion for subbase. From the above undesirable results for the geotechnical investigation, reconstruction of the pavement is recommended.

Introduction: In Cameroon, as in other developing countries, rural populations use medicinal plants based on knowledge and ancestral practices. To promote this type of medicine, the aim of the present study was to characterize medicinal plants and recipes used by traditional healers of Mbam and Inoubou Division in Cameroon. Material and methods: A total of 17 volunteer traditional healers were interviewed. Plants were photographed and the samples collected in the presence of the traditional healers. The identification of these plant samples was carried out by the experts of the National Herbarium of Cameroon. Results: Eighty-two (82) species with 77 genera and 44 botanical families were counted. Herbaceous plants (46%) followed by trees (36%) constituting the morphological types mostly represented. The main families were Fabaceae (9 species), Euphorbiaceae (7 species), Asteraceae (6 species), Poaceae (4 species) and Apocynaceae (3 species). 126 herbal recipes were identified. Decoction was the most widely used method of preparation and the oral route was the main route of administration. Ageratum conyzoides L (5.24%), Citrus medica L (4.71%), Carica papaya L (4.19%), Elaeis guineensis. Jacq. (3.67%), Senna alata (L.) Roxb (3.67%), Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stap (3.14%), Euphorbia hirta L (3.14%), Musa paradisiaca L. (3.14%), Psidium guajava L (3.14%) and Annona muricata L (2.62%) represented the ten species of medicinal plants most used. Conclusion: Plants and recipes identified constitute a basis for studies on phytochemical and pharmaco-toxicological analyzes, which are essential for the development of improved traditional medicines.

The purpose of this research was to analyze the influence of competence, time budget pressure and audit complexity with motivation as moderating. The study uses quantitative methods, by sending a survey to a population of 100 respondents from external parties, namely accountants and KAP auditors who are domiciled in the DKI Jakarta area. The survey was conducted on several sample members whose data were collected using a questionnaire. The results showed that the competence variable and time budget pressure had a positive effect on audit quality, because the better the competencies possessed by each auditor, the higher the quality of financial reports, while a tight time budget caused the auditor to leave the planned part in the audit stage. (part of the audit plan) which can be important and can result in lowering the quality of the resulting audit, while complexity has a negative effect on audit quality, because in this study the auditors felt it was easier because of the use of accounting software in carrying out the audit process. An integrated accounting system helps auditors to carry out audits more easily. The results showed that motivation was unable to moderate the effect of competence and complexity on audit quality when the tasks assigned to the auditors were not in accordance with their competencies and the emphasis was only on understanding the client's systems and SOPs without discussing the breadth of divisions within the company or its industry. Meanwhile, the results of data processing show that motivation can moderate the effect of time budget pressure on audit quality.

UV-absorber Tinuvin 327 was used as active agent in this work. It was added in three different amounts (0.25% 0.5% and 1.0%) in water-based disperse ink-jet inks. The surface tension, pH, viscosity and conductivity of the prepared formulations were monitored over a period of 90 days in order to estimate the ink stability and the compatibility of the UV-absorbers with the ink constituents. The inks were used for ink-jet printing on paper, transfer printing on polyester and polyamide and thermostabilization. Wash light and rub fastness were evaluated on the printed samples. Color coordinates were measured. Qualitative determination of the active agents, adsorbed on the printed samples was made by using UV-Vis Spectroscopy.

This study examined the relationship between organizational justice and employee commitment in the Port Harcourt Area Command of the Nigeria Police Force. Distributive justice was the dimension of organizational justice considered in this study. Affective, normative and continuance commitment were used as measures of employee commitment. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design. The primary source of data was a structured self-administered questionnaire. The population of this study consists of Senior Police officers from the rank of Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP) and above, and the other ranks made up of Inspectors and Non-Commissioned Officers (NCOs) working in the twenty-seven (27) Police Divisions distributed in four (4) Local Government Areas of Rivers State, Nigeria which has a total staff strength of 14,886. Due to the large size of the population, the Taro Yamane Sample Size determination techniques were used to determine the sample size of 390 employees, which were selected through stratified random sampling. Internal reliability of the instrument was achieved through the Cronbach Alpha coefficient with items being above 0.70. The Spearman Rank Order Correlation tool was used for hypothesis testing. The study findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between organizational justice and employee commitment in the Port Harcourt Area Command of the Nigeria Police Force. The study recommends the Nigeria Police should.