The risk of osteoporosis is higher in postmenopausal women and nutritional factors reported playing an important role in the etiology of low bone mineral density (BMD). Some studies claimed the involvement of vitamin B12 in the quality of bone structure in humans, however, results are not conclusive. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between BMD and vitamin B12 levels in postmenopausal women. In this cross-sectional study, BMD and blood samples from 77 postmenopausal women (age > 45 years) were studied. BMD and T-scores of the study subjects were determined at the femoral neck and lumbar spines by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). Serum VitB12 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mean±SD age of the postmenopausal women was 56.4±7.9 years. Bone mineral densities (g/cm2) were 0.80±0.16, 0.76±0.18, 0.74±0.14 and T-scores were -2.21±1.45, -1.41±1.22, -1.53±1.20 respectively at the lumbar spine, right femoral neck and left femoral neck. The mean±SD of vitB12 was 245.9±274.3 pg/mL. On multiple regression analysis, β values for log(VitB12) with BMD were 0.119 (p = 0.018), 0.085 (p = 0.140), 0.011 (p = 0.012) and with T-score were 1.028 (p = 0.022), 0.698 (p = 0.064), 0.940 (p = 0.015) at the lumbar spine and right femoral neck and left femoral neck respectively. In conclusion, vitamin B12 is found to be positively associated with bone mineral density and T-score at the lumbar spine and left femoral neck but not at the right femoral neck in postmenopausal women.

In recent years, against the backdrop of the rapid development of telecommunication tools as well as the onset and continued existence of COVID-19, the way people communicate has been greatly changed. In cross-cultural and multi-lingual settings, remote interpreting is playing an increasingly important role, and for interpreters, the way of obtaining information becomes multi-dimensional as the source texts come in various modes. The paper, therefore, intends to observe the performance of a professional simultaneous interpreter at an online world dental conference, with the focus on how the interpreter deals with multimodal source information and the subsequent interpreting strategies. It is hoped that the research could provide insights on multimodal interpreting research and suggestions for better remote interpreting practices in the future.

Multiple Input Multiple Output -Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) is a promising technique for broad - band communication over mobile wireless channels. This paper presents channel estimation methods for Space Time Block Code - Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (STBC-OFDM) system. Expectation – Maximization based on an iterative algorithm and Decoupled Maximum Likelihood method are used to reduce computational complexity without loss of estimation accuracy. Simulation results show that the effectiveness of the Decoupled Maximum Likelihood method is improved.

Bangladesh is a South Asian country where most of the Muslims follow the Hanafi school and the issue of inheritance is, however governed by the statutory Muslim law. The ultimate purpose of the Islamic law of inheritance is to provide and make material arrangements to share the estate of the deceased person among the living dependents, family members and relatives. Unfortunately, the Muslim women in Bangladesh, despite having the right to inheritance of property cannot actually enjoy them. However, such right to property of women is precisely mentioned in Surah An-Nisa of the Holy Qur’an. In the context of Bangladesh, the majority of women are marginalized from their property to be achieved through inheritance and this is only because of the rigorous implementation system, women’s lack of awareness and one of the most significant reasons for such deprivation is that they remain in the fear of losing relationships with family members. This research firstly discusses the right to inheritance of both male and female under the Hanafi law of inheritance and points out the present social practice in Bangladesh. This research further focuses on women’s rights regarding the inheritance of property and its implementation mechanism in other Asian countries. This paper then, appeals to discover various reasons behind the deprivation of Bangladeshi women and challenges in respect of their right to inheritance. Finally, this study suggests some recommendations to overcome this problem and to pave the way for enjoyment of the due right to inheritance of women by proper implementation.

Tool wear is one of the major factors that contribute to surface quality, productivity and accuracy in machining. It also determines production flow by increasing the number of shutdowns for tools reshaping. Tool wear is related to cutting process parameters (depth of cut, spindle speed and feed rate), the surface nature of the metal (scaly or smooth), the cutting forces and thermal condition at cutting zone. This paper present review of various works on optimizing the tool wear rate during turning operation. Also, it presents techniques used in monitoring the processes and methods of determining the rate of tool wear with their results in an orthogonal machining operation on different type of materials.

Specific nanoparticles are designed in order to deliver the different materials. Controlling the size, shape of nanomaterials during nanoparticles synthesis leads to effective synthesis of nanoparticles that can be combatable to electrical system. Iron based nanoparticles are most efficient due to low cost and high adsorbent efficiency as compared to the other nanoparticles through the action of magnetic field with ionic exchange capacity for heavy metals removal. Nanofilters are used for filtering the chemical pollutants found in wastewater. Acid treatment leads to precise synthesis of nanoparticles through the formation of biopolymers that can be disintegrated into smaller components or individual’s molecules. Gold nanoparticles are also much reliable as compared to the other nanoparticles as they are more influenced by the intensity of light. Scanning tunneling microscopy has become technique to provide the electric data about the specific atom or particles by following the princes of scanning under chemical investigation. X-ray spectroscopy is used for the analysis of that analysis usually heavier than oxygen. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) that detect the particular nanoparticles by loos of energy by passing through the samples or specimen.

Infectious virus diseases have significant impacts on public health and emerge at an unprecedented rate. Compare to all viral diseases, combating COVID-19, that is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus was a big challenge to the researchers. Among all the therapeutics, antiviral drugs, corticosteroids, and Disease-Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) occupy a prominent position in declining the COVID-19 mortality rate. With the advent of science and technology, recent clinical studies extended towards the assessment of Multi-Drug Therapy (MDT) impact on invading the pathogen and adverse effects on cellular metabolism. Recent studies showed that MDT also affects major cellular functions such as fertility, however, the interactions of Anti COVID-19 Therapeutics (ACTs) with the fertility-related biomolecules are not yet clear. In the current study, I show the interaction of ACTs such as Dexamethasone, Remdesivir, and Baricitinib with the Homo sapiens acrosomal protein SP-10 using molecular docking studies. Among all the drug interactions with the SP-10 protein structure, Dexamethasone showed the highest binding affinity -5.9, followed by Remdesivir -5.3 and Baricitinib -5.0 kcal/mol. The interaction between ACTs and human SP-10 might help to unveil the fertility issues that arise in males during COVID-19 disease management.

Background: Following the current Sars Cov2 pandemic, cross-reactivity was proposed as a mechanism that could explain the immunopathology associated with coronavirus infection. The rationale is that the exchange of peptide motifs between Sars Cov2 and human proteins could elicit immune responses capable of attacking not only the virus but also human proteins with the consequent autoimmune pathological sequelae in the human host. Methodology: A mini narrative review was carried out through various databases from October 2020 to January 2021; the search and selection of articles was carried out in journals indexed in English and Spanish. The following keywords were used: Molecular mimicry, Sars-CoV-2, Covid-19. Results: There is solid evidence that shows the existence of a link between Sars Cov2 infection and autoimmunity induced by the phenomenon of molecular mimicry. Conclusions: This review offers information based on the available evidence about the phenomenon of molecular mimicry in Sars Cov2.

One of the approaches towards alleviation of peptic ulcer disease is by use of antiulcer agents. Cost factor has an important role to play in the choice of antiulcer agents in ulcer therapy. Piper guineense, a flora to tropical Africa, is claimed by traditional medicine as a remedy for peptic ulcer. Despite its wide usage in crude form, purified form of Piper guineense are yet to be explored. The aim of the study was to evaluate the gastroprotective activities of fraction extracts of Piper guineense on ethanol-induced ulcer in wistar rats. This was done by administering orally, 400mg/kg of various fraction extracts to six test groups, 100mg/kg cimetidine to a positive control group and 5ml/kg Tween 80 (3% v/v) to a negative control group. Histological study and effect of the extracts on stomach weight were conducted. Findings revealed that extracts significantly (p<0.05) inhibited gastric ulceration with PF-4 producing 49.02% ulcer inhibition while cimetidine produced 81.93%. Histological study revealed gastroprotection with minor epithelial loss in extract-treated group. The extracts (PF-2, PF-4. EE) respectively produced 23.47%, 27.23% and 33.33% significant (p<0.05) increase in stomach weight of rats. In conclusion, the fraction extracts of Piper guineense possess gastroprotective activities.

The environment is the home of man, and anything that affects it affects man. In exploration of crude oil in the Niger delta of Nigeria, there is abundant risk to man and his environment. From inception of crude oil exploration in Niger Delta in 1956 till date the soil, river, animals, fishes, man and the environment has suffered terribly as a result of on form of pollution or another. It has been observed among other things that the release of crude oil and refined petroleum products in terrestrial and aquatic environment results in long term threat to all forms of life. It has also been observed that the presence of crude oil and spent lubricating oil in the soil adversely affects the physical, chemical and microbiological properties of the soil. It has also been discovered that crude oil affect the germination, maturity and growth of crops. Crude pollution also destroys aquatic lives and incapacitates flying creatures. Majority of Niger Deltans depend on agriculture, therefore to survive there must be a conservation and remediation techniques. This work discovered that the most effective remediation techniques that can be used in the Niger Delta region include organic treatments and inorganic treatment. The available types of remediation include Physiochemical processes, Thermal processes, and Biological processes, Biodegradation, Bioremediation and Phytoremediation. The aforementioned remediation techniques will go a long way to improve the environment. However, the best form of oil exploration in Niger delta should be the one with zero pollution tolerance.

There are many viruses that cause different infectious diseases in human as well as in vertebrate systems of different animals. Coronaviruses are the most infectious viruses belonging to the family Coronaviridae. The genome of coronaviruses are made up of RNA and size about the ~30 kb that contain the 5′ cap structure along with a 3′ poly (A) tail. These are helpful for translating the different proteins causing infections such as replicase proteins. Different types of immune based responses evoked once the viral attack on the immune cells of the body. Accessory proteins also playing important role as inflammatory responses once viral attack on immune cells and release of different inflammatory genes that are involved in progression of COVID-19. One of such kind of response from interferon’s I and III are cytokines that playing important role against the viral infections. Lopinavir and Ritonavir both inhibiting the viral replication and translation by targeting the viral relapse and other necessary genes involved in viral genome. Dexamethasone, may help manage symptoms in people with COVID-19 by reducing inflammation. Vaccines and different therapeutics medicines are employed to damage the structure of virion and nucleocapsid by underlying the cellular mechanism of COVID-19.

The objective of this paper is to analyze the impact of total factor productivity and employment level on economic growth of Saudi Arabia. The data used in the analysis is a time series data covering the period 2005-2019, and a semi-log regression model was estimated. The results showed that real GDP growth is fluctuating during the study period depending on oil price level. The total factor productivity in Saudi Arabia lagged behind that of many emerging economies. The model results revealed that the total factor productivity is more important for economic growth than increasing the size of the labor force. The paper recommends policymakers seeking to foster economic growth in Saudi Arabia, to put more emphasis on improving productivity of capital inputs and labor through adoption of proper technologies, training, and research and development.

The sailing approval letter is regulated explicitly in Law No. 17 of 2008. Even though there have been regulations governing sailing approval letters, sea transportation accidents are often encountered due to negligence in giving shipping permits. Indeed, the problem of safety, security, and overall shipping activities is the port's responsibility. Therefore, the problem with this research is regarding the legal arrangement for the qualification and competence of the harbormaster in issuing sailing approval letters for sailing safety: A Study at the Port of Batam. Then, regarding the implementation of the qualification and competence of the harbormaster when issuing sailing approval letters so that sailing safety is guaranteed. Then, the inhibiting factors or obstacles and solutions to overcome the issue of the qualification and competence of the harbormaster in issuing sailing approval letters for sailing safety. The purpose of this research is to explore the legislative framework for harbormaster qualification and competency in issuing sailing approval letters for sailing safety. Second, to explore the legal analysis of harbormasters' qualifications and competencies for issuing sailing approval letters for sailing safety. Third, to identify impediments or obstacles and strategies to resolve them, the harbor master's qualification and competence in issuing sailing approval letters for sailing safety. The descriptive technique combined with normative legal research is used to collect primary data through field research. The findings indicated that although the legal regulations for the qualification and competence of the port authorities in issuing sailing approval letters for sailing safety (A Study at Batam Port) have been implemented successfully in principle, numerous obstacles remain in the field, most notably human resource issues. As a result, it is essential to strengthen human resources via training and education.

Data interoperability of electronic medical records in dentistry in the present time is essential for ease and accuracy of health services. However, it also has the potential to cause ethical and legal problems in Indonesia if it is carried out without regard to the country’s laws and regulations. This issue encourages the author to conduct a further research on the legality and the concept of data interoperability of electronic medical records in dentistry in Indonesia. Where to be able to analyze the subject matter well, the authors in conducting research adheres to the paradigm of post-Positivism Paradigm, using Normative-Juridical Research Method where the Research data consist of primary data sources from related Laws and secondary data sources from related literature and analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that the data interoperability of electronic medical records in dentistry is legally valid if it meets the requirements contained in Law Number 11 of 2008 and the Regulation of the Minister of Health Number 269 of 2008. The requirement as mentioned are: patients give their consent, guaranteed data privacy security, and original documents of electronic medical records must be kept in the health facility where only medical resumes (medical data) can be exchanged.

Introduction: Caesarean section is the most common obstetric intervention in the world. The operating wound it causes can experience an unfavourable development. The objective: of this work was to compare the evolution of operative wounds in caesareans with or without dressing. Patients and methods: This was a randomized, open and controlled trial over a period of 5 months from 1st May to 30 September 2019 at the reference health centre in the commune V of Bamako district. Results: The study involved 294 patients, including 147 for each arm. We recorded 30 cases (10.2%) of infection of the operating site, including 13 (8.84%) among patients with no dressing, versus 17 (11.56%) among those with dressing without significant statistical difference (p = 0.25). The average cost of the dressing was estimated at 24,075 CFA francs (48.15 Dollars) for caesarean sections with a dressing and 3,075 CFA francs (6.15 Dollars) for those without a dressing with a difference of 21,000 FCFA (42 Dollars). In sum: We did not find a statistically significant difference in regard to the evolution of the surgical wound in the two attitudes. However, this results in a certain economic interest if the operating wound is not covered with a dressing.