Supernumerary teeth (SN) teeth are a relatively rare phenomenon that can occur anywhere in the dental arch. This report represents a case of a young female patient that is presented with one SN tooth specifically mesiodens, which prevented her upper central incisor from erupting in its normal sequence. This patient also reported to have a congenital complete duplex of left kidney that has much smaller upper pole and a normal size lower one, with a sperate ureter of each, and growth hormone deficiency. This is a non-syndromic patient. In the literature review there has been some linking between growth hormone deficiency and SN teeth. However, up to this research in the literature, no case was found linking between complete duplex of kidney and ureter, and SN tooth. This report also viewing radiographic CBCT regarding mesiodens, in three views (coronal, sagittal, and axial).

Different physical and chemical techniques used for discovery of innovative nanoparticles with emerging applications in the fields of x-ray diffraction that can use as most important technique for optical measurements of nanosacle objects. Silver and gold nanoparticles formulations can be easily accessed through the different methods such as lithographic and vacuum deposition of metal, but appeared to be expensive techniques. Semiconductor based nanoparticles possess the magnetic properties with excellent electrical conductivity due to which they are used in different appliances and engineering works. Semiconductors have introducing impurities into their crystal lattices through traditional techniques or methods that designed at industrial and commercial level. The photovoltaic cells that synthesized through nanotechnology approach possess the photofunctional materials; nanoscale architectures usually exhibit unique optical and electronic properties. One of such kind of example is the alternative technologies to silicon based chip with combinations of various parts through nanotechnology.

Fermented foods have special functional qualities that provide consumers with health advantages owing to the presence of active microorganisms that include probiotic capabilities, antibacterial, antioxidative, peptide synthesis, and other properties. The bacteria like lactic acid bacteria are used in the production of cheese, pickles and yoghurt. Moreover, extensive types of molds are used in sausages surface ripening, in preserving products natural quality and are used to control the formation of unwanted flavors in different products. The determination of contaminated food with microorganisms is not possible without testing microbiologically. Staphylococcus aureus is the most dangerous type of bacteria and the main source of its infection are humans. The foods which are contaminated with C.perfringens, when consumed a toxin is produced in human intestinal tract and cause illness. The two main food borne types of viruses are the norovirus and Hepatitis A. Vector borne spread of disease occur when a parasite goes in host by the saliva of insect during the blood meal such as malaria, or from the parasites present in feces of insect which excretes directly after the blood meal. It's also important to understand how the cell detects the presence of the pore, whether it's through ion concentrations.

Intestinal worm infestation is the commonest form of helminth infections in human, which affect a great proportion of the world’s population and children are the most vulnerable population among them. Intestinal worm infestation is the major risk to community health which adversely contributes to the prevalence of malnourishment in developing countries. The World Health Organization estimates that over two billion people are affected with helminthiasis. Unani physicians described intestinal worms as Deedan e Ama’a and they are of opinion that the excessive putrefied phlegm is the cause for the formation of intestinal helminthiasis and the presence of worms always depends on mal-temperament or imbalance of phlegmatic temperament and unhealthy living conditions. Exploration for further alternative therapeutic agents for the treatment and control of helminthic infections has become crucial at present. Various single and compound drugs have been described in Unani literature for the treatment of different types of worm infestations and Unani physicians prescribed them since antiquity. It has been observed in routine practice that the compound formulations are more effective compared to the single drug. This systematic study was focused to assess the scope of herbal medicine in the treatment of worm infection.

Introduction: Tibial fracture is one of the commonest bony injuries associated with increasing number of road traffic accidents in developing countries. The long bone contains long medullary canal & have a subcutaneous position. Reaming of medullary canal may increase the chances of fat embolisms syndrome & increase the inflammatory response. Controversy prevails between reaming & unreaming of the medullary canal as considered the fracture union, ease & short surgical time & systemic complications. Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the results of short surgical time & unreamed vancomycin dipped tibia interlocking nail surgery in hanging leg position for tibia fractures. Material & Methods: In this study total (n= 49) cases of tibia fracture who underwent unreamed tibia nailing were evaluated retrospectively. Among (n=49) cases (n= 35) 71% were males & (n=14) 29% were females. According to Ellis classification (n=20) patients had mild, (n=25) patients had moderate & (n=4) patients had severe variant. Results: In the study total number of cases with tibia fracture included where commonest mode of injury was vehicular accident (n=40) (82%) and fall from height (n=9) (18%). Patients who were operated late had associated injuries that prevent early operation. Rust score was used for radiological union score. Mean value of rust score for this study was 8.8 with Inter observer agreement among all three reviewers was substantial, with ICC=0.78(95% CIs 0.65-0.90). Follow-up duration varied from 1 to 6 months with one patient had infection at surgical side and went for debridement and intravenous antibiotics for recovery. Conclusion: Unreamed interlocking tibial nailing can be safely used for type-I and type-II open injuries even with delayed presentation. Compared to reamed nail there is ease of technique application and the decreased operative time in unreamed interlocking nailing.

Since the emergence of the Corona virus and its spread to become a global pandemic, many changes have occurred in human life, and it was necessary to unite the world and exchange experiences and experiences in overcoming this disease and its negative repercussions on all sectors and levels that imposed new habits on individuals, the most important of which is shopping through digital technologies to obtain them, Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of digital marketing on the SME sector to create value for customers. To achieve this, the comparison method was adopted for previous studies. It was found that digital marketing has an effective role in reaching customers and marketing products electronically, in addition to that social media platforms were among the most effective tools in Jordan, and stakeholders should focus on digital marketing in the SME sector, especially by relying on social media platforms to benefit From this opportunity that the epidemic imposes on customers, which increases the strength of this sector to overcome the crisis and enable it in the future. The SME sector in Jordan is considered one of the most important sectors that support the Jordanian economy due to its daily activities, job opportunities and rapid financial exchange.

The increasing globalization in banking and financial services along with use of cryptocurrencies as a medium of exchange and means of payments, is creating monetary policy uncertainty and concerns in the monetary policy process of central banks, especially difficulty in knowing exactly how much money people are willing to hold at any given point in time, how best to correctly measure the assets that constitutes money and determines the demand for money in the economy. Classical economic theory tells us that, there is a direct relationship between the quantity of money in an economy and the general level of domestic prices. This has made many central banks to adopt monetary aggregates as intermediate targets, in their quest to maintain price stability and achieve sustainable economic growth and development. This study seek to estimate the demand for money function in Nigeria during the period 1980 to 2019 with a view to ascertaining whether monetary policy uncertainty is an important determent of money demand in Nigeria or not. We employed the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) to model the relationship between money demand and its determinants using times series data from 1980 to 2019. The results indicated that monetary policy uncertainty (MUC) appear to have little or no influence on the demand for money in Nigeria, compared to real income, the nominal exchange rate and domestic inflation. The results confirm that Monetary policy uncertainty (MUC) was not an important determinant of the demand for money in Nigeria during the period 1980 to 2019. It agrees with the findings of El-Rasheed et al., (2017) but disagrees with those of Iyke and Sin-YU Ho (2017) who in a similar study on Ghana, found monetary policy uncertainty to be insignificant in determining the demand for money in Ghana. We therefore bring into focus the need for policy makers in Nigeria and other developing economies to consider monetary policy uncertainty in their monetary policy formulation process because of its positive relationship with how much money Nigerians demand or hold at any given point in time. In addition, this study also found a link between money demand and changes in rate of inflation, nominal and real effective exchange rates and rate of growth in real GDP or real income. The sign and size of the estimated parameter coefficients had the correct a priori expectations, with inflation, monetary policy uncertainty and real GDP growth rates having a positive relationship with money demand, while the exchange rate responding negatively. There is need for more studies using other methods to further confirm this result, especially with respect to its application to other developing economies that may not be an oil exporting, import dependent economy like Nigeria.

Background: We have previously reported our extensive experiences with autism disorders and their treatments, and we showed the possibility of curing the major autistic features with a new therapeutic approach which included individualized courses of intramuscular cerebrolysin as the main therapy for the main autistic features. Our previously published experiences included observing the occurrence of atypical autism associated with evidence of mental retardation in four brothers from outside Baghdad, each two of them from two unrelated families. The four patients were treated based on our extensive published experiences with the pharmacological treatments of autism disorders; however, the follow-up and the outcome of treatments of these four children were not described in the previous publications. The aim of this paper is to report the cure of the major autistic features in 2 brothers with autosomal recessive autism. Patients and methods: It was possible to follow the first two brothers for only few weeks and to see them after the first course of treatment, however, the second brothers were followed for more than one year, and it was possible to achieve cure of the main autistic features. Results: After one short course, the first two brothers showed slight but noticeable improvement. The younger brother showed some reduction in autistic features as he developed rather an acceptable eye contact. However, the two brothers were still not responding to name and didn’t say any word. After, treatment, the second two brothers showed no autistic features, and experienced significant improvements in speech and cognitive functions. The older brother was not having autistic features after eighth months, and was obeying commands, but was still saying only few words. The younger brother joined primary school and was doing well apart from some behavioral problems especially running away from school and sometimes breaks things. Conclusion: In this paper, cure of autism has been achieved in two boys with autosomal recessive disorder. However, cure of autism in older children has never been expected to totally normalizes them, as the patients have already lost several years of learning, social adaptation, and maturation of personality and behavior.

The aim of the present research was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Capparis zeylania. The free radical scavenging activity was found to be high in ethanol extract for DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide, ABTS and reducing power assays in a concentration dependent manner followed by aqueous extract. The present results supported that the leaf extracts (ethanol and aqueous) of C.zeylanica could serve as potential alternative source antioxidants and can be explored as a good therapeutic agent in the free radical induced diseases.

Fungal infections have become more frequent, due to its extension population are at higher risk of utilization and treatment mode that permits long lasting survival of the patients. The histopathological detection of tissues shows fungal invasion of tissues and vessels along with host reaction with fungi and it could be a crucial tool for defining detection significance of positive culture isolates. However, there is very little illustration about morphological features of fungi, which are specific. The histopathologic detection should illustrate fungi and must include presence or absence of tissue invasiveness and host reaction with infection. Although, fungal species associated to genus Candida could result in acute vulvovaginal infection, Candida albicans are significantly more prevalent etiological agent mainly for severe chronic condition named recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC). The recent advancement in pathogenic process and host immune system response to C. albicans had also been seen. Vaginal Candidiasis is known to be one of the common gynecological problems found in females. As it had been seen that half of the women in their lifetime experience suffer from vulvovaginal candidiasis and few with recurrent candidiasis. Cervical and vaginal secretion is the defending tool from ascendant infection pathway spreading. The component that could disturb vaginal environment is endogenous, infectious and iatrogenic factors and is most common factor susceptible for vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC).

“Value guidance, knowledge impartment and ability training” are the three teaching objectives of Chinese education. How to realize the three objectives? The research group adopts project-based learning model. Through this model, the three teaching objectives can be combined with the teaching content of New Standard College English Integrated Course 3. Through teaching practice and questionnaire, PBL has shown its function in improving students’ comprehensive ability and shaping their values, which indicates that this model serves as an effective way in carrying out college English education reform.

The study examines the factors inhibiting sport performance in Adekunle Ajasin university, Akungba-Akoko, Ondo state Nigeria. A total of two hundred students were selected from four Faculties in the University, Faculties of Education, Law, Science and Agricultural Science. The Faculties where selected using fish bowl without replacement. Questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. The data were analysed; the results revealed that Availability of standard facilities, and Parental influence, was an inhibiting factor in participating in sport among Adekunle Ajasin University student.

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of contamination of fresh vegetables by enteric viruses in the Errachidia region. A total of 80 samples of four types of fresh vegetables (radish, lettuce, onion and parsley) were taken from different plots irrigated by water from WWTPs effluents or wells. The search for enteric viruses was carried out by real-time RT-PCR. Overall rate of enteric viruses’ contamination was 69%. Depending of virus type, this rate was 66%, 59% and 8% for enteroviruses, Norovirus and Rotavirus respectively. No samples tested positive for hepatitis A virus. Vegetables from plots irrigated by WWTPs effluents were more contaminated than those irrigated by well water. Lettuce and parsley were often more contaminated than radish and onion. Our study shows that enteric viruses can contaminate fresh vegetables, requiring the implementation of measures to control this health risk.

Introduction: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to share insights, research findings and discuss key issues related to workload factors and their influence on the wellbeing of ICU nurses working in a Saudi Arabian. Design/Methodology/approach: The authors used a mixed method approach and using a convergent parallel mixed methods design. A qualitative and quantitative approach was adopted for the study that sampled national and foreign nationals ICU nurses to explore the various workload factors that influenced their wellbeing within the ICU environment during direct patient care. Results: The findings from the study were aligned to the JDR Model and provided evidence that ICU nurses experienced various workload factors that influenced their wellbeing and productivity within the ICU environment. The research paper has provided a platform for ICU nurses to voice their concerns on workload influencing their wellbeing in the critical care environment and cry out for the need of support and wellbeing program for the organisation to overcome workload factors experienced. Research limitations/implications: The limitation that was faced by the researcher was the timeline for conducting the current research, which was governed by the University’s policies and protocol. Identified various workload factors and its influence on ICU nurses wellbeing guided the study findings to formulate a comprehensive managerial framework as a support for nurses specifically coping strategies for the organisation. This will assist nurses in all other sectors of the organisation to utilise such employee wellness programs in coping with workload factors influencing their wellbeing. Practical Implications: Healthcare organisation across the globe is challenged to achieve nurse workforce stability, safety, and well-being. It was evident that the participants experienced many workload challenges that influenced their wellbeing within the various ICUs. This study sets out the key messages for health care managers to empower and to meet the needs of ICU nurse related to health and well-being. The findings formed the foundation for management contribution to provide improved and seamless support to the health and well-being of ICU nurses. This approach is a guide to support the nurses and implement employee well-being programs to leverage off the work demands and stress within the health care sector. Originality/Value: This paper explores the various workload factors experienced by ICU nurses and its influence on their wellbeing in A Saudi Arabian Hospital from national and international perspectives. The authors were able to explore various workload factors from diverse population and multi-cultural backgrounds within the organisation. The value of the research will enable health care organisations locally and internationally to ensure that the organisation implements well-being programs as a support for nurses.

This study aimed to determine the proposed application of the use of the Activity-Based Budgeting (ABB) method for cost control of daily and casual workers (a case study at PT. XYZ). Previous studies showed that ABB can provide more accurate information about activities, activity costs, work process time, number of human resources required, total employee costs, and project profit/loss. It can be concluded that the Activity-Based Budgeting (ABB) model can meet the needs of the IT Enterprise budgeting model. This study took the population and samples from functional managers and senior/junior staff in a manufacturing company at PT XYZ. The results of this study indicate that the Activity-Based Budgeting method can detail information related to cost control of daily and casual workers required, making the Activity-Based Budgeting (ABB) calculation method to be considered capable and can meet budgeting needs related to cost control of daily and casual workers.