There was once a tattoo custom, called “hajichi” in the Ryukyu Islands. Considering the patterns and purposes of hajichi from the culture science perspective and combining with the history of Ryukyu Islands for root and truth-seeking exploration seemingly help to conclude that Yunnan Province in China is possibly the place of origin of hajichi custom. The tattoo culture in Yunnan may spread to Ryukyu and further roots and grows there based on the exchange convenience in the age of great navigation in East Asia.

Microfinance Institutions (MFI) are expanding their reach in Ethiopia at an accelerating trend. The study has attempted to look at the initiation of sustainable Islamic MFI in Afar region. Concurrent triangulation strategy was adopted to address the research objectives. In order to get relevant data, descriptive research design and quota sampling methods were used. And survey have been taken through questionnaire from three Zones of Afar region namely Zone 1 (Awsi Resu Zone), Zone 2 (Kilbeti Resu Zone), and Zone 3 (Gebi Resu Zone), with a total sample size of 227 pastoralists, document review and face to face interviews conducted with the officials responsible for initiation of MFI in Afar region. The results showed that the nonexistence of statutory provisions regarding to the operations of Islamic microfinance institution resulted to delay its introduction in Afar region. In addition, the assumed high transaction costs that will be incurred in providing financial services to pastoralists pointed as challenging factors. To overcome these, laws and regulations should be designed to foster the establishment of Islamic MFI and also use Islamic microfinance models such as mudharaba, musharaka, murabahah, ijarah, qard al-hasan and others models that comply with Shariah principles.

The research work investigated the potential use of exudates/resin to curb the surface and mechanical properties of the indentation from corrosion attack on reinforcing steel of both non-coating and exudates/resin coated samples after 360 days immersion in 5% NaCl solution. The obtained results maximum percentile failure bond load values of controlled samples are 64.308% against corroded -35.029% and the coated 68.823%. The differential maximum values computed of the average and percentile ranges of failure bond load are controlled (2.492kN and 14.869%) against corroded samples values are (0.806kN and 5.738%), coated are (2.492kN and 14.907%. The differentially potential maximum failure bond loads, as well as comparative values of maximum deflective values over-controlled and coated samples. The peak percentile bond strength values for comparison recorded are controlled 46.996% against corroded and coated -34.33% and 72.41%. The differential computed average and percentile values are controlled 1.409MP and 19.463% against corroded 0.276 MP and 7.669%, coated values are 1.408 MP and 20.134%. From the values obtained, the corroded samples exhibited a pullout bond strength compared to the increased values for the values of the coated samples and the controlled samples with pullout bond strength. The maximum recorded average and percentile values of controlled 86.42% against corroded and coated samples of -27.728% and 80.247% and with differential recorded values of the controlled 0.024mm and 42.379% against corroded values of 0.007mm and 16.793% and coated values 0.024mm and 41.881%. The maximum percentile values obtained for comparison among the investigated samples showed that the corroded exhibited lower slippage and reduced percentile values and low load application to failure, while coated samples exhibited higher slippage, and increased values. The obtained computed results of the nominal reinforcing steel with no traces of corrosion effect is 100%, the comparative results after corrosion and the potential differential values of the tested samples showed percentile values reduction in corroded samples resulting from induced effect from corrosion while the coated samples exhibited a potential increase in volumetric based on varying coating thicknesses. It can be seen that the diameter of uncoated decreased by the maximum value of 0.596% and coated increased by 0.674%, for the cross-sectional area, corroded has maximum reduction value -13.251% and coated increased by and 15.275%, weight loss, and gain are corroded -20.31% decreased (loss) and coated 29.25% increase (gain). Indication as analyzed from the experimental work showed that the effect of corrosion on uncoated concrete cubes caused diameter and cross–sectional area reduction and weight decrease while coated concrete cubes have diameter and cross–sectional area increases and weight gain resulting from the varying thickness coated to reinforcing steel.

Narcotics abuse as referred to in Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics in general, provides for criminal penalties by judges. It tends to prioritize criminal sanctions if they commensurating with the actions of the perpetrators, with the aim that the perpetrators do not repeat their actions. This paradigm is certainly not suitable when dealing with crimes involving drug abuse, because the narcotics abuser themselves is also a victim. This research uses a statutory approach because it is included in normative legal research where the approach to criminal law legislation and especially narcotics legislation is used as one of the legal research approaches. This result of the research shows that (1) The policy of implementing criminal sanctions for drug users that are not related to narcotics networks in the current legislation cannot be separated from the criminal system adopted by the legal system in Indonesia. (2) Arrangements for the implementation of criminal sanctions against narcotics users who are not related to the narcotics distribution network according to the current law are not based on the value of justice. This can be seen from Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics which still causes multiple interpretations or ambiguities in its application, especially to Article 112 and Article 127 of the Narcotics Law. (3) The ideal reconstruction of the formulation in the implementation of criminal sanctions against narcotics users based on the values of justice is by changing the formulation of Article 111 paragraph (1) and 112 paragraph (1) and Article 103 paragraph (1).

The main problem discussed in this research is to find out what factors cause the law enforcement on environmental corporate criminal liability to be unfair and how to reconstruct environmental corporate criminal liability law that are able to achieve justice in the future which will be researched using the socio-legal research method which relies on the qualitative data obtained by the author in the field where the results are processed using data triangulation to obtain a relevant and accurate analysis. The results of the study indicate that the factors that cause environmental criminal law enforcement to be unfair are influenced by 3 factors, namely the law structure, substance, and culture that are still weak. In order to solve this problem there needs to be a reconstruction of the environmental corporate criminal liability reconstruction that are contained in Article 46 paragraph 1 of Law No. 23 of 1997 as amended by Law No. 32 of 2009 namely Article 116 (1) as it cannot provide adequate justice yet therefore reconstructing it must be done in order to comply with the value of justice.

Newcastle disease is caused by paramyxo viruses, very infectious disease present in birds harms most. Clinical and electro-physiological findings in the patients of SMA revealed that the patients experience critical decline in the functions of motors with unit loss rapidly. Tumors of heart in dogs typically represents either non-functional chemodectoma or ectopic thyroid carcinomas which is also non-functional. Spontaneous-malignant-lymphoma present in sheep, through well known in tumor investigations in the slaughtering houses and in the diagnostic workshops. The hallmark clinical finding in cases of external caseous lymphadenitis is the development of abscesses in the region of peripheral lymph nodes. Anthrax is a disease which is usually spread by feeding and by the contaminated water with the spores and these spores can last in the soil for several years. Mostly the anthrax is cured easily in start stages and is easy way and control to further increase of this disease. Orf is the disease commonly present in sheep and goats throughout the world. It also known as scabby mouth or sore mouth. The outlook for Orf sickness, which is a zoonotic host switch infection, is not especially bad. There are different parasitic diseases of animals, coccidiosis is one of the parasitic disease of poultry and rabbits.

Background: This comparative study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of 25 µg of intravaginal misoprostol with intracervical cerviprime gel in terms of efficacy of drug, foeto-maternal outcome, side effects and complications of drugs. Methods: 100 primigravida at term; who were admitted for induction of labour were included in this study. They were randomly selected to receive either intravaginal misoprostol or intracervical cerviprime gel. 50 women received intravaginal 25 µg Misoprostol (Group A) every 6 hours for maximum of 5 doses and 50 women received 0.5 mg (2.5 ml) of intracervical cerviprime gel (Group B) till maximum of 3 doses. Comparison was done in terms of time taken for induction to delivery, mean time taken for onset of labour, APGAR score at 1 and 5 minutes and the neonatal outcome in either of the groups. Results: The mean time taken for onset of labour was less in the misoprostol group than in the cerviprime group (6.5 hours v/s 8 hours, P = 0.49). Similarly duration from induction to delivery was less (20.08 ± 8.24 hours v/s 23.19 ± 9.59 hours, P >0.05) for misoprostol than cerviprime gel. Need for Oxytocin augmentation was less (16%) in misoprostol group as compared to cerviprime group (46%), P = 0.001. Cesarean section rate was slightly higher in misoprostol group (8% v/s 6%). Maternal complications were minimal in either group & the neonatal outcome was good in both the groups. The induction cost was much less in the misoprostol group. Conclusions: Compared to cerviprime gel; misoprostol is safe, efficacious, cheap, well tolerated drug by mother and fetus. It was found to be a better inducing agent, has short induction to delivery interval thus short duration of labour with similar maternal and fetal safety profile.

Papillary Lesions of Breast, defined histologically by presence of fibrovascular cores with varying epithelial proliferation, encompass a wide spectrum of benign intraductal papilloma, atypical papilloma with ADH/DCIS, papillary DCIS, encapsulated papillary carcinoma, solid papillary carcinoma and invasive papillary carcinoma. Due to tumor heterogeneity, sub-classification is diagnostically challenging on histopathology alone thus requiring help of immunohistochemistry (IHC). The aims & objectives of this study was to assess papillary lesions of breast and to determine the histopathological features which can categorize various papillary lesions along with IHC.A retrospective analysis of 39 cases of papillary breast lesions retrieved over a period of 8 years (July 2011 to July 2019) was done. The histopathology was reviewed independently by two pathologists using a standard review form which included 10 parameters. IHC was applied on all the cases to confirm or refute the histopathological diagnosis. Statistical analysis were performed using PRIMER software. Out of 39 cases, the most common papillary breast lesion was benign intraductal papilloma with 28 cases (72%), followed by one case of atypical papilloma with DCIS (2%) and 10(26%) malignant papillary lesions. The statistically significant histopathological features which aided in differentiating benign lesions from malignant lesions were presence of apocrine metaplasia, bland nuclear features and absence of atypia. IHC was necessary in diagnosing all the malignant papillary lesions and 2 benign papillary lesions. Papillary lesions of breast are difficult to interpret on microscopy alone due to intrinsic heterogeneity. The combination of histopathological features along with IHC helps in distinguishing benign, atypical and malignant papillary lesions.

Cotton belongs family Malvaceae, genus hirsutum and tribe Gossypiae, and it is usually divided in to two types: the wild and the cultivated cotton. To understand the molecular base of the plant reactions to main abiotic stresses like salinity and drought is important for bio-technological applications of stresses adaptations for crop development. In this perspective, thousands of stress receptive genes are recognized and a small number of them are characterized functionally. Thrilling temperatures, salinity and the water reduction are major abiotic stresses which are reflected the primary issues, which reduces the cotton production. The global drop of cotton crop is fifty percent due to abiotic stresses or supreme cotton crop yield; they need optimal growth situations like the other field crops. Due to drought stress response, boll of cotton plant and its leaf area is reduced and any change in carbon uptake also put its impact on photosynthesis. Polyphenolic with capable contraceptive reactions, a gossypol and terpenoids with anti-inflammatory effects and cytotoxic activities of trans-caryophyllene are some examples of potential chemical compounds present in cotton with their valuable impacts on humans and animals health as well. . Cotton seeds are now inspected as most potential co-product and a high valuable part of cotton processing chain and it is most viewed left over by product of cotton.

Many of the immune cells are involved to protect the body against the specific microbes and thus inhibiting their chemicals by binding to the specific surfaces of pathogens. Human body has different cells particularly important in defending the body against the pathogens. Different cells are involved in protecting the body as part of innate immunity. This innate immunity includes the external barriers of the body as the first line of defense against pathogens such as the skin. Molecules on the pathogens surface may be recognized directly by the PRRs of resident macrophage. Natural killer cells also involved in immune response by killing the cancerous cells or viral proteins by attaching on their surface. The main mechanism of the innate immune response to eradicate bacteria is activation of the complement system, phagocytosis, and inflammatory response. Listeria monocytogenes is the pathogenic form of bacterial species that causes disease transmitted through the infected foods. Interferons tightly bind to the viral proteins and inhibit their production. Different vaccines have been used to treat the number of diseases and each vaccine works for against the specific diseases in order to make the immunity.

Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes is a familiar anxious problem of pregnancy that is interconnected with substantial perinatal difficulties. It is defined as a breaking of amniotic sheaths earlier to 37 weeks’ pregnancy and earlier to the beginning of labor pain and occurs about eight to 10% of pregnancies. Objective: To describe the experiences of preterm premature rupture of the membrane in women admitted at Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan. Methods: Qualitative study was developed and the sample size was nine women in their third trimester of pregnancy. The purposive sampling technique was used. An in-depth interview method was applied for data collection. Results: The themes identified in this study were five, which included the varied experiences of women, Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes patients, delayed visits to clinics for treatment, social and psychological stress, and lack of education, awareness, and proper diet. Membrane ruptured before the expected date of delivery leads to so many problems for both maternal and fetal health. The bigger socio-economic burden on the patients’ families is related to stress and anxieties. Conclusion: The membrane ruptured before the expected date of delivery leads to so many problems for the woman and her family. The principal point was the hospitalization and has increased financial burden on family members.

Pleurotus tuber reguim is a mushroom widely used as food, and in traditional medicine for weight loss and treatment of headache, fever and stomach pain among other ailments. This present study is aimed at the evaluation of antihyperlipidemic activities of chromatography fractions obtained from an earlier reported anti-hyperlipidemic chloroform extract of Pleurotus tuber reguim using triton X-100 induced hyperlipidemic rat model as well as investigate the phytochemical constituent(s) from the active chromatography fraction(s). The pulverized sclerotia sample was extracted exhaustively by cold maceration with chloroform and the chloroform extract (6.42g) fractionated on a chromatography column(silica gel G, 200 -400 mesh-stationary phase) eluting with a gradient mixtures of n-hexane: chloroform: methanol (4:0:0; 3:1:0; 1:3:0; 0:1:0; 0:3:1; 0:2:2; 0:1:3; 0:4- v/v/v). Fractions with similar chromatography fingerprint on thin layer chromatography examination were pooled. Phytochemical screening was done using standard methods. The chloroform extract afforded four pooled chromatography fractions (F1, F2, F3 and F4). The trend: Total cholesterol [atovastatin (47.5%) > F1 (42.3%) > F2 (37.6%) > F4 (29.9%) > F3 (29.8%)]; Triglyceride [F4 (47.6%) > F1 (44.8%) > Atorvastatin (35.6%) > F3 (32.9%) > F2 (4.3%)]; High density lipoprotein-cholesterol [F2 (101.3%) > F1 (91.2%) > atovastatin (53.7%) > F3 (17.7%) > F4 (14.9%)];Very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol [F4 (47.6%) > F1 (44.8%) > Atorvastatin (35.7%) > F3 (32.9%) > F2 (4.3%)]; Low density lipoprotein-cholesterol [Atorvastatin (12.5%) > F2 (10.0%) > F1 (7.6%) > F3 (3.5%) > F4 (-4.9%)]. Fractions F1 and F2 where found to contain triterpenoids and fatty acids while fractions F3 and F4 were found to contained amino acids or peptide derivatives. Pleurotus tuber reguim exhibited hyperlipidemic activity and the presence of triterpenoids and amino acids or peptide derviatives could be responsible for the observed trend in antihyperlipidemic activity.

Plurihormonal pituitary adenomas are rare tumors that present cellular immunoreactivity for more than one pituitary hormone. The most common form is that combining growth hormone and prolactin, but the combination of growth hormone with adrenocorticotropic hormone causing Acromegaly and Cushing's disease is extremely rare and clinical signs may be subtle. We have demonstrated the clinicopathological characteristics of plurihormonal pituitary adenomas through the case of our 25-year-old patient who had a pituitary macroadenoma with an initial clinical picture dominated by acromegaly and mild cushingoid features.

Accomplishing any jumbled task demands organization, coordination, and discipline. Overseeing a Bioequivalence study is certainly in the same manner, to guarantee that the trial works successfully, good project management is necessary. Project Management in a CRO necessitates competence in a variety of areas, including time, quality, cost, scope, risk management, communications, and sponsor management, and many others. The current review focuses on how to plan each phase of the study and how to create an effective Project Management Plan to reduce the average duration of the study and project management risks. The review also advises to follow a standard operating procedure at all times when conducting Bioequivalence study.

Objective: To evaluate the predictive values of urinary calcium creatinine ratio and microalbumin in pregnancy for detection of patients who are going to develop pre-eclampsia. Methods: Spot urine samples were taken in 150 asymptomatic pregnant women between 20-28 week of gestation to determine Urinary calcium creatinine ratio and micro-albuminuria in outpatient department of TRS, hospital. The statistics was analyzed using Chi square test and t test for determine the significant association of clinical findings of pre-eclampsia to CCR and micro-albuminuria. The predictive values of CCR equal to 0.04 or < 0.04 and microalbuminuria were determined by Area under Receiver Operator Curve (ROC) for pre-eclampsia. Results: The Calcium to creatinine Ratio found to be a good diagnostic test for prediction of pre-eclampsia with sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of 83%, 96%, 75%, and 98% respectively. The statistical accuracy of 95% and significant p value of <0.001. The microalbuminuria is came out to be fair diagnostic test to prediction of pre-eclampsia with sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 65%, 86%, 42% and 94% respectively. Conclusion: CCR to be recommended as a good screening test for prediction of preeclampsia at cut off value of 0.04 in spot urine sample of all pregnant women without any symptomatology while microalbuminuria is a fair test for same at present.