The present study was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of Acmella caulirhiza. The plant was harvested, identified, dried and pulverized. Five extractions were carried out: one by decoction and four by maceration with distilled water, ethanol/water mixture (70/30, v/v), methanol, and 95° ethanol as solvents. Phytochemical screening of A. caulirhiza extracts was performed according to the Sofowora method. The determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations by the microdilution method in a liquid medium, allowed the evaluation of the antibacterial activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa NR 48982, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33591, Klebsiella pneumonia NR 41897. Antioxidant activity was performed by DPPH radical scavenging and Fe3+ reduction tests. All A. caulirhiza extracts contained phenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins, coumarins), mucilages, and resins. However, alkaloids, saponosides, cardiac glycosides, and anthocyanins were absent. They showed antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 8 to 32 mg/mL). The antioxidant activity of the DPPH extracts had concentrations (IC50) ranging from 0.098 ± 0.011 to 3.9040 ± 0.319 mg/mL. The Fe3+ ion reducing activities of the extracts ranged from 53.120 ± 0.443 to 22.267 ± 1.006 µg/mL. The extracts of Acmella caulirhiza contain secondary metabolites that can justify the antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The use of this plant in traditional medicine in the management of infectious pathologies could be justified.

Background: The purpose of the study was to assess the motivation levels, attitudes and intensions regarding knowledge sharing among nurses. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in February to May 2021, on the nurses working in two Public hospitals in Faisalabad. A total of 300 nurses participated in the study. The main questionnaire based on the socio-demographic questionnaire comprises of the age, gender, qualification and work experience. Other than this, six tools which were used to assess the intrinsic and extrinsic motivators of the employee to share the knowledge with others. Results: Qualification, experience and position in the unit is directly proportional to that of the intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to share knowledge. Marital status of the participants is not strongly associated to the knowledge sharing items. Correlation between the different items of the effects of extrinsic and intrinsic motivational scales and employee knowledge sharing intentions. Shows that extrinsic and intrinsic motivation is associated to the attitudes toward knowledge sharing and knowledge sharing intentions. Conclusions: As the mean score of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation is less hence, educators and administrators will have to adapt their strategies to facilitate collaboration and promote interactive learning among nurses. There has to be modifications in strengthening the extrinsic motivations and removing barriers of members’ participation. Additionally, there has to be individual sharing knowledge has to be motivated through appreciation at the unit level.

Icacinia manni or false yam grows in both tropical and temperate regions. Use of its tuber as a replacement for energy content in animal and bird feeds is being advocated. Studies show it impairs reproductive function in male rats. Possible ameliorating effect of vitamins C and E is considered in this study since oxidative stress is common metabolic pathway for many tissue dysfunctions. Twenty five male wistar rats were randomly placed into five groups of five/rats each viz control, low dose Icacinia manni, high dose Icacinia manni, high dose Icacinia manni + vitamin C and high dose Icacinia manni +vitamin E groups. Rats had free access to rat feeds and water. Animals were anaesthesized, blood samples collected and testes harvested for evaluation of relevant parameters after 28 days of treatment. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results showed decreased testosterone in low dose, high dose and high dose + vitamin C groups compared with control (p<0.05 each) but increased in high dose + vitamin E compared with high dose groups (p<0.05). Total sperm counts were reduced in all extract treated groups (p<0.05 each) compared with control. Sperm motility was decreased in all extract administered groups (p<0.05 each) compared with control but higher in high dose + vitamin C (p<0.05) compared with low dose group and in the high dose + vitamin C and high dose + vitamin E groups compared with the high dose extracts group (p<0.05 each). Wobbling rate increased in all extract-administered groups (p<0.05 each) compared with control and decreased in the high dose + vitamin C (p<0.05) compared with high dose group. Beat cilia frequencies decreased in all extract-administered (p<0.05) compared with control. Sperm linearity was decreased in all extract-treated groups (p<0.05 each) compared with control and reduced in the high dose, high dose + vitamin C and high dose + Vitamin E (p<0.05) compared with low dose groups but increased in the high dose + vitamin C and high dose + vitamin E (p<0.05) compared with high dose groups. Velocity of active path reduced in both low and high dose extract groups (p<0.05 each) compared with control but increased in high dose + vitamin C and high dose + vitamin E (p>0.05 each) compared with the low and high dose groups. Normomorphology was reduced in the low and high dose groups (p<0.05 each) compared with control but increased in high dose + vitamin C and high dose + vitamin E (p<0.05 each) compared with low and high dose extracts groups. In conclusion, ethanolic extract of Icacinia manni impairs male reproductive function in a dose-related matter with co-administration of vitamin C or E ameliorating some of the parameters almost at the same rate.

Acidity of α-aryl protons leads to organolithium substitution which actually effects the carbon linked covalently compounds, oxygen, hydrogen, Benz organic compounds and other carbon containing compounds which have carbides, cyanides and carbonates. Chemical solvents are necessary for initialization of chemical reaction in the industry when they react with one another. Organic chemicals are basically manufactured from coal and alcohol in the fermentation industry and they can also be originated from petroleum and natural gas source. Quinones are chemical compounds with aromatic rings and have two ketone substitutions. These compounds are highly reactive and ubiquitous in nature. Removal of hydrogen from hydrocarbon containing hydroxyl group produces an alcohol and it is represented by ROH simply it is called as methanol or methyl alcohol. Nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds have major role in medicinal chemistry and they play a vital role in the formation of medicines. Silver fluoride reaction such as C-H fluorination reaction produces vicinal position for pyrinides and pyridines which is substitute for nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds. Sulfinate esters are valuable products and have significant role in structure of medicinal chemistry.

The independence of prosecutors is a crucial component in the fight against corruption. Accordingly, a robust rule of law system and the application of anti-corruption laws require that prosecutors be free from any undue external pressure. Independence here means it should not be subordinated to the executive or any other state bodies. To avoid undue instructions, it is essential to develop a catalogue of such guarantees of non-interference in the prosecutor’s powers in order to ensure that their activities in trial procedures are free from external pressure. Such guarantees should cover appointments, discipline, career, removal from office and specific rules of management of cases and decision-making process. This must be complemented by an adequate remuneration, budgetary, financial, internal and external independence. In Cameroon, the hierarchical subordination system of the Prosecution Service exists, with the Minister of Justice playing a crucial role in its functioning. This paper holds that the way it is practiced hinders the Legal Department from effectively combatting corruption, because prosecution may only be engaged in certain cases after instructions have been received. This system, to an extent, justifies the alarming rate of active corruption cases which are committed with impunity, even to the knowledge of the Prosecution. This research, which investigated the institution of an independent prosecution service in Cameroon as an effective anti-corruption mechanism, recommends the abolition of the principle of hierarchical subordination, or that it should be regulated and instructions should be limited only to the general application of the criminal policy. To conduct this research, a qualitative research methodology was adopted and a doctrinal method used. We essentially relied on desk research wherein we examined the primary and secondary data on the Prosecution Service.

Aim: To study the demography, maternal and fetal causes of chorangiosis. Study design: A retrospective descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: Total of 73 patients with chorangiosis were studied in Department of Pathology Saveetha Medical College, during the period of August 2020 and February 2021. Methodology: Study included 73 patients of placental chorangiosis. The clinical history and demographic data was obtained from the patient’s medical records. Thematernal and fetal causes were studied, and clinico-histopathological correlation was done. Results: This study includes 73 postnatal women, of whichthe rate of cesarean section was noted to be 69.8% and the mean value were obtained showed mean gestational age of 37.5 weeks, 70 live births and 3 neonatal deaths; mean placental weight is 480 grams and birth weight 3970grams. The mean 1 minute and 5 minutes APGAR score is reduced indicating the disturbance in fetal vitals immediately after birth. Conclusion: Chorangiosis is a rare illness, which is associated with an increased risk of prenatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. So, it should be regarded as a key prognostic indicator of poor pregnancy outcomes and should be essentially reported in the histopathological evaluation.

Ascariasis, a worldwide common parasitic disease, caused by ascaris lumbricoidesaffecting mainly the small intestine. This worm could invade the gallbladder and be responsible of an acute cholangitis. Our case report describes this particular condition in which our patient of 23 years old had his gallbladder invaded with Ascariasis and in which the Bili-MRI showed spectacular images. We choose to call it ‘Christ sign’.

There are varieties of paradigms for testing software systems with the aim of uncovering faults and improving the quality of software products. One of the popular paradigms is model-based testing paradigm, where system’s behaviours are captured and denoted in a model for adequate abstract representation. Evidence has shown that automated testing can incredibly improve the testing efficiency. Central to such test automation is the use of appropriate testing tools. With the existence of a wide spectrum of software testing tools, it is difficult to decide which of the tools to choose and where to start the testing processes. It should be noted that irrespective of how similar the operational processes of software tools are; they are distinct in their respective overall composition. In order to make a choice of which tool is most appropriate to suit a system testing requirements, tester needs to understand some vital information related to the candidate tools such as availability, ease of use, programming skills needed, language and platform support, among others. In this paper, some of the most popular model-based testing tools on the market, both open source and commercial, are analyzed. The promising future of model-based testing is also proposed. This survey will help software testers, beginners or experts, to lay their hands on the appropriate model-based testing tools.

Purpose: To assess the knowledge regarding eye donation among students of Medical, Nursing and Allied Health Sciences and gauge their willingness for eye donation. Methods: The data was collected by online questionnaire method (Google forms) from medical, nursing and allied health care students for a group of 723 students. The questionnaire comprised of 30 questions covering various aspects. Knowledge, values, attitude and spiritual believes of participants were assessed to evaluate their willingness for eye donation. Results: Among 723 medical, nursing and allied health care students 449 (62.3%) were in the age group of 21-30 years with 479 (66.4%) being females and 244 (33.8%) males. Around 80% had knowledge about eye donation and 79.1% pledged to donate eyes. There was little knowledge regarding pediatric cornea donation and transplantation. Conclusion: The awareness regarding eye donation was high but pledge to donate eye and motivate others required further motivation. Various strategies can be adopted like educating students from all walks of life, focusing on strengthening the link between the hospitals and the rural population can further enhance the corneal procurement rate.

SARS-CoV-2 is spread by the micro droplets from the infected people or by the contact with the polluted fomites. The coronavirus infects the alveolar and bronchial epithelium cells and travels to the tiny air sacs and to alveoli. Monotonous laboratory-biomarkers can give the complete record of health position of a patient in severe medical situations. ACE2 serves as a regulator of renin angiotensin aldosterone systems, which regulates the blood volume, blood pressure, and balance of electrolytes in the body, in addition to acting as a crucial SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 receptor. Transaminases and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) are nonspecific indicators of cellular inflammation and damage in COVID-19 patients. Biological materials from COVID-19 individuals have been used in various gene expression analysis, as well as those involving proteomic methods. Imaging biomarkers, which also include the magnetic resonance, positron emission tomography, and computed tomography, are categorized into the several groups according to their activities and properties. High neutrophil count, lymphopenia and leukocytes are the simpler preliminary constraints which directly differentiate between the severe and non-severe coronavirus victims.

This paper analyzes the identity crisis of the protagonist James in Everything I Never Told You, explores the contributing factors to his failure to blend in American mainstream society and examines the aftermath of his failure.

Introduction: Leadership is the process of influencing and directing others to be motivated to achieve a goal. Developing leadership in students is part of the authority of higher education institutions and this development program has taken place in almost all universities around the world. Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the development of student leadership behavior at the Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Syiah Kuala (FON- USK). Methods: This type of research is descriptive with a cross sectional study design. Data was collected in May 2018, with the sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The number of samples is 382 respondents. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire developed by the researcher. Data were analyzed by calculating frequency, percentage. the mean (mean), and standard deviation. Results: The results showed that the student leadership behavior was in the good category as many as 360 respondents (94.2%). With a value of x = 39.68% and SD = 45.21. Conclusion: This means that the leadership behavior of FON-USK students is at the upper middle level (x ̅ /total skor: 39.6/52= 76.5%) and the data are heterogeneous. This leadership behavior is inseparable from the implementation of various learning methods that have been developed by universities that help students to be able to develop self-skills and have a good leadership spirit.

In this study, the influence of Magnetohydrodynamics on free convection slip flow of an exothermic fluid in a convectively heated vertical channel is analyzed. The problem is solved analytically using perturbation series method and expression for velocity, temperature, skin friction, Nusselt Number are obtained and also the influence of some physical parameters such as Hartmann number(Ha), Biot number(Br), Navier slip parameter(γ) and Frank-Kamenetskii parameter(λ) are discussed. It is observed that both velocity fluid and skin friction decreases with increasing value of Hartmann number.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are a business sector that has a reasonably reliable resilience in the face of various crises, both monetary and other financial crises, including in the face of the current world condition which is facing the Covid-19 pandemic. The research is empirical legal research using qualitative research. It was conducted in Manado, the capital city of the Indonesian province of North Sulawesi, where many MSMEs require partnership in their development. The results show that the legal aspect related to partnership agreements through Joint Venture Profit Sharing by higher education is the first contract law; normatively, it has provided cooperation with other higher-education parties. However, this law only provides restrictions on cooperation in research and development. It does not regulate participation in the implementation of business activities or the possibility of a contract that clarifies the position of higher education in a partnership agreement. The financial legal aspect, the ideal form of a partnership agreement to be implemented by higher education in developing small and medium enterprises, is partnership through the Development of Science and Technology, partnership through modern cooperatives and partnerships with village-owned enterprises.

Background: The ischemic myocardium should be promptly reperfused to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Conventionally, 2 approaches are the mainstay of reperfusion treatment: primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and fibrinolytic therapy which are considered as mutually exclusive therapeutic modalities. Primary PCI is considered as the gold standard for STEMI but in a developing country like Bangladesh, it is not practically achievable in all the cases because of various challenges. Therefore, thrombolysis followed by either PCI or non-urgent coronary angiography seems to be a more practical approach in not only semi-urban and rural areas but also in metro and tier-1 cities in Bangladesh. Objective: To arrive at a consensus on the importance of pharmaco-invasive (PI) strategy for patients of STEMI in Bangladeshi scenario when a delay in PCI is anticipated. Results: Leading experts across Bangladesh reviewed various fibrinolytics with reference to their availability, ease of administration and risk benefit ratios. Their views were captured in advisory meetings. They then discussed and presented their views and shared their experiences on the practicality of PI strategy in the metro and tier-1 cities of Bangladesh. Their opinion is captured in the present document. The panel opined that STEMI patients should be given PI therapy, wherever possible, using a third-generation fibrinolytic, namely, reteplase or tenecteplase if the delay in primary PCI of more than 120 minutes from the time of chest pain is expected. Immediate reperfusion by thrombolysis helps in preserving the myocardium and it also provides a time window for further PCI and coronary angiography, whichever is required. Conclusion: The experts concluded that when delay in access to primary PCI is expected, PI therapy is the preferred choice for STEMI patients. It should be practiced not only in semi-urban and rural areas but also in metro and tier-1 cities in Bangladesh.