Atherosclerotic heart disease due to the accumulation of large amount of lipids present in the blood vessels of arteries. Many animal models have been developed to study atherosclerosis, and allow for careful control of experimental conditions, food and environmental risk factors. Experimental animal models of atherosclerosis have become a valuable tool for providing information on the etiology, pathophysiology, and the mechanism of action of various drugs and compounds used in the treatment and complications of the disease. Compared to human models, the animal model is more easily manageable, as the combined effects of dietary and environmental factors can be controlled. Different models have their own advantages and disadvantages.

The aim of this quality improvement practice project was to improve noted delays in the time to antibiotic administration in paediatric febrile neutropenic patients seen at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC), Saudi Arabia. Larrabee’s 6-step Model for Change of evidence-based practice guided the project. Clinical audit, nursing knowledge survey, comprehensive literature and international clinical guideline review were used to identify and design a clinical care pathway for paediatric febrile neutropenic patients at KFSH&RC. Post-implementation clinical audit showed a reduction in time to antibiotic administration and increased self-efficacy and knowledge among nursing staff in relation to managing the care of febrile neutropenic patients. This reflects similar improvements seen internationally in other centres following the introduction of a clinical pathway. This nursing led practice change was the first of its kind for KFSH&RC. It demonstrated that with support from key stakeholders, Larrabee’s model for evidence- based practice change can be used for introducing a nurse-led clinical care pathway in Saudi Arabia. Highlights •A new clinical care pathway introduced in Saudi Arabia improved time to antibiotic administration in paediatric febrile neutropenic patients. •Implementing a nurse-led clinical care pathway increased nurses’ confidence with managing children with febrile neutropenia and the skills and knowledge related to the accessing and delivering medication via central access devices •With key local stakeholder support evidence-based change frameworks such as that proposed by Larrabee can be used to improve nursing management in Saudi Arabia.

Chromium (VI) is a thoughtful and common environmental chemical. In nature, chromium can be found both as chromium (VI) or as chromium (III).Chromium (III) is less lethal and definitely adsorbed ins oils and waters, whereas chromium (VI), which is the most toxic form, is not eagerly adsorbed and maximum of its salts are soluble. Numerous bacteria have been noticeable that can change extremely water-soluble and toxic Cr(VI) to unsolvable and rather non-toxic Cr(III), bacterial bioremediation of Cr(VI) contamination is controlled by a number of difficulties, in precise chromium poisonousness to the remediating cells. Cr (VI) is a lethal, resolvable environmental contaminant. Bacteria can decrease chromate to the unsolvable and less poisonous Cr (III). The Hexavalent form of chromium is the most toxic and cancer-causing and produces health dangerous effect. Hexavalent chromium is of specific environmental worry due to its toxicity and flexibility and is thought-provoking to remove from industrial waste water. Reducing Cr (VI) to Cr (III) makes simpler its removal from effluent and also reduces its poisonousness and mobility. So, we can apply the modern biotechnology for the elimination of numerous toxic complexes.

Cement plants use fuel in burning limestone to make clinker in kilns. Due to high cost of fuels, most Cement plants are changing from high-cost liquid fuel like heavy fuel to cheap solid fuel like coal. Ashaka adopt the later. The coal is first pulverised in a ball mill and leaves the mill through a riser duct by pneumatic transport before been used in the kiln as fuel. The riser duct undergoes excessive wear which result in frequent downtime and affect the intendent purpose of fuel substitution. Also, the pulverised coal escaping under pressure through eroded areas on the duct increase the risk of fire and reduce the overall safety of the workshop. Current method which involved patching the duct by welding fail to solve the problem. This work investigates the root cause of the frequent wear of the riser duct by checking the abrasiveness of the coal being transported, checking the effect of the duct profile on wear through simulation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Checking the duct material rate of wear and providing the best solution in terms of cost and feasibility. After simulation using CFD it was revealed that the duct profile contributed to the wear rate. Since changing the profile will be costly, a different solution approach was considered i.e., surface finishing. Different Material samples suggested to be used as surface finishing on the duct were tested for wear at different angles using an abrasive test equipment. The test equipment which conforms with ASTM was designed, simulated using CFD and constructed. The best material with good wear resistance was found to be galvanised steel coated with automobile anti gravel and grounded with P1000. Coating the internal of the riser duct with the above material is considered to be the optimum solution in terms of cost and feasibility.

Background: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy have been a challenge to the obstetricians and researchers since many centuries. Prediction of preeclampsia (PE) in the early pregnancy is of utmost help in preventing the disorder and minimizing its severity. Objective: To evaluate the predictive accuracy of microalbuminuria in early pregnancy for the development of preeclampsia. Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, over a period of one year. 133 pregnant women at 10 – 14 weeks of gestation were included in the study. The group of women with microalbumin excretion 20 – 300 mg/L in a spot sample of urine was designated as ‘exposed’ group and those with albumin excretion < 20 mg/L as ‘unexposed’ group. The outcome variable was development of either Preeclampsia or Eclampsia or Gestational Hypertension. Result: Among 133 study subjects, 13 developed adverse outcomes (PE/GHTN). The pregnant women were predominantly in their 2nd decades of life (20 – 30 years old) with mean ages of the adverse and normal outcome groups being 25.6 and 24.9 years respectively (p = 0.614). No significant association was found between adverse outcome and parity (p = 0.729). The past history of preeclampsia tends to be significantly associated with PE or GHTN (p = 0.048). Nearly half (46.2%) of those who developed preeclampsia/GHTN had microalbuminuria in early pregnancy compared to 23.3% of those who did not have microalbuminuria. The risk having preeclampsia/GHTN in the ‘exposed’ group is 2.5 (95% CI = 1.0 – 6.9) times higher than that in the ‘unexposed’ group (p = 0.037). The sensitivity of microalbuminuria was inappreciably low (46.2%). However, its specificity is optimum (76.7%). The positive and negative predictive values of the test were 17.6% and 92.9% respectively with high yield of false positive and low yield of false negative results. The overall predictive accuracy of the test was found to be 73.7%. Conclusion: The study concluded that presence of microalbuminuria in pregnant women in their 1st trimester significantly predicts PE/GHTN.

Background: Cardiotocography (CTG) records changes in fetal heart rate and their temporal relation with uterine contractions. Its aim is to diagnose the hypoxia and prioritize the babies who need urgent delivery. Objective: The aim of the study is to assess the role and effectiveness of admission CTG and compare the abnormal and normal CTG regarding fetal outcomes. Methods: It is a prospective observational study held in Z.H. Sikder Women’s Medical College & Hospital for the period of 1 year (July 2020 to June 2021). 500 pregnant women were studied in this period. Admission and intermittent CTG was done according to need. Statistical level of significance was set at p <0.05. Result: Total 500 cases were taken as study population according to inclusion criteria and divided into two groups, normal and abnormal CTG. Abnormal CTG includes both suspicious and pathological varieties. Difference in Apgar score, NICU admission and perinatal asphyxia was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: A CTG is a non-invasive, reliable and cost-effective screening method to evaluate the fetal condition and to predict perinatal outcome in high risk and also in low-risk pregnancies. Caesarean section rates may be dramatically reduced by appropriate use of CTG.

The basic rationalization behind Utility Models is that patents are not suited in circumstances where the innovation is mostly based on craftsmanship performed in response to a real but limited need. Over the past few years, the intellectual property regime in India has been able to reinforce and strengthen its roots in the structure of the legal system despite numerous challenges and limitations. But the main question is whether the Indian industry has been able to truly exploit the law of IPR for their growth or not? Going by the record it seems that only big national and Multi-National Corporations have succeeded in extracting the benefits of India’s IPR reign because patent laws of India require a high threshold level of inventiveness which is accompanied with the cumbersome and highly technical application process, which is a quite a costly affair for small industries. In the present legal framework of India, the innovators of frugal or small inventions are unable to patent their inventions under the existing legal regime. The crisis has enlarged due to higher level of inventiveness. The utility model protection system developed to provide an alternate and auxiliary system to protect the inventions having a modulating level of inventiveness. Therefore, this paper intends to present the foundations of a legal framework which can strike a balance between the strong Patent system and a flexible utility model system which has a potential to boost innovation in India. The author in this paper looks into the possibility of legislating a separate law for the protection of utility models to promote economic and technological development.

Lagenaria siceraria (Lauki) belong to the Cucurbitaceae family. It is also known as calabash or white flowered gourd and locally kado. There are 118 general and 825 species. It is found in many countries Pakistan, India, Sri-Lanka, and Africa. The fruit is the rich source of the ascorbic acid, beta carotene and a good source of vitamin B complex. The seeds of L. siceraria contain amino acids, proteins, lignin, and iron. The leaves contain carbohydrates, phytoestrols, saponins, phenolic compounds, tennis, proteins, amino acids and flavonoids. Lagenaria siceraria seed oil has cooling effects and can be applied in migraine type headache. The fruit of the L. siceraria help to reduce the inflammation on the liver and the juice of the L. siceraria on empty stomach in morning is the best remedy liver disease, heart disease, urinary problems and depression. The juice also helps to change the concentration of the urea and uric acid in kidney. The fruit is used for the treatment of the jaundice, diabetes, and ulcer, piles, hypertension and skin disease. It may be the best gift for the mankind.

Mankind is a companionable being and the fact of staying together with varying and various characters usually gives rise to differences. If these differences are not sorted out amicably they may degenerate into disputes or conflicts with far reaching consequences. These disputes may be settled in either a civil or criminal court depending on their nature and the choice of the victim. While the aim of a civil action is to pay damages to a victim who has suffered prejudice as a result of another person’s tortuous act, a criminal action is aims principally to punish an offender whose action offends the society as a whole. The paper however, is concerned with criminal law. The purpose of criminal law is self-protection and to prevent harm to others. In this light, this paper after making clarifications of key concepts, analyze the relevance and actors of sentencing under international criminal law. The paper also seeks to provide the limited province of the judge in sentencing as well as appraise the legal provisions and mechanisms of sentencing in Cameroon and France. In effect, the paper concludes with some salient measures in order to blend theory and practice for effective implementation of Sentencing in Cameroon and France Criminal Law.

Introduction: Sexual assault violates fundamental rights, including physical and psychological integrity and security of the person. The purpose of this work was to take stock of the holistic management of sexual assaults received in the service. Patients and method: We conducted a cross-sectional and descriptive study covering the period from June 2017 to May 2020, i.e. three years. It focused on all survivors of sexual assault received in the unit of <On Stop Center> which houses the Obstetric Gynecology Department of the CSRéf CV of the district of Bamako in Mali. Results: The prevalence of sexual assault was 1.79%. The average age of survivors was 24 years. Sexual assaults mainly concerned adolescent girls (92.20%). The majority of survivors had been admitted (88.84%). They were single (89.80%). The average gesture was 4. The alleged perpetrator was unknown to the survivor in 79.14%. Genitogenital penetration with ejaculation was reported in 70.14% of cases, including 52.40% in a climate of violence. The initial clinical evaluation found recent hymenal lesions found in 13.58% of cases and an intact hymen in 9.42% of survivors. Holistic management included a paraclinical assessment component and a care administration and support component. The drafting of a medical certificate in three copies was systematic. Conclusion: Sexual assaults are relatively common in our department. They are probably underestimated. Keywords: Violence, gender, survivors, bamako.

This paper examined the emerging trends in the performance of Christian Religious Education (CRE) in the Kenya certificate of secondary school education examinations (KCSE). The main objective in this paper was to establish significant reasons that may have prompted the declining performance in the performance of this subject during national examinations in the recent past. The study involved both primary and secondary data which was skillfully analysed to generate the findings in this paper. Significantly, oral interviews (abbreviated as O.I in the entire text) from teachers of CRE in various schools across the country were conducted to beef up the findings in this paper. It is indeed true from the findings that CRE has been experiencing average or poor performance since 2016 after the introduction of the stringent mechanisms to curb the alleged national examination cheating that had been witnessed in the previous years. It has also been established that CRE is no longer a “booster” subject and the discipline may become unpopular in the near future should the status quo remain.

Objective: The objective of the present study was to formulate and evaluate polymeric nanoparticles of Felodipine by Nano precipitation technique using EudragitL100 and EudragitS100 as a polymers. The nanoparticles were characterized for particle size, poly-dispersity index, entrapment efficiency (EE), zeta potential, solubility, morphological study, invitro study, Ex vivo intestinal permeability studies and stability studies. Infrared studies showed that there was no drug excipients interaction. Negative values of zetapotential indicated the good stabilization of the prepared nanoparticles. Solubility measurement studies revealed that the solubility of nanoparticles was increased to ten times than the pure drug. The entrapment efficiency was found in between 29.72 ± 3.27% – 63.95 ± 3.50%. The in-vitro drug release was extended maximum up to 12 hrs with Eudragit L100. The curve fitting data shows that the drug release followed first order kinetics, Higuchi’s plots stated non-fickian diffusion controlled. The intestinal permeability of formulated nanoparticles were found to be more than pure drug. SEM shows that nanoparticles were found spherical in structure without aggregation and uniform distribution of the drug within the nanoparticles. Accelerated stability studies were also carried out following ICH Guidelines.

Southeast Asia has a geographical position that is very vulnerable to various forms of transnational crime. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations/ASEAN as a regional organization for countries in Southeast Asia has a role and responsibility to carry out the prevention and eradication of transnational organized crime in Southeast Asia. This paper aims to analyze the factors causing the occurrence of transnational organized crime in Southeast Asia, and to analyze the forms of regional cooperation in the prevention and eradication of transnational organized crime in Southeast Asia. This paper uses a normative research type, with a statutory and interpretation approach. The legal materials used are sourced from books, research reports, journals, and international legal instruments. The collected legal materials are then analyzed qualitatively. The results show that there are three main factors that cause transnational organized crime in Southeast Asia, the three factors are economic globalization, increasing heterogeneity of immigrants, and rapidly developing communication technology. ASEAN has an important role in actively participating in campaigning for the war against transnational organized crime, especially in the Southeast Asia region. Transnational crime was first discussed by ASEAN in 1997 which later gave birth to the ASEAN Declaration on Transnational Crime Manila, Philippines, 20 December 1997. In addition to encouraging its members to ratify the United Nations Convention on Transnational Organized Crime, 2000 and the promulgation of a number of regional instruments, regional cooperation is also the main key for ASEAN and its member countries in the prevention and eradication of transnational organized crime in Southeast Asia.

The high-speed rhythm of life makes it difficult for people to have a whole time to study, and fragmented online learning comes into being in people's lives. Therefore, the research on fragmented online learning is particularly urgent and important. In order to have a deeper understanding of fragmented online learning, this paper investigates the current situation of college students' fragmented learning, and deeply studies the factors that affect the learning effect of online courses, and proposes learning effect enhancement strategies. The results of this paper are not only conducive to enhancing the effect of online learning of contemporary college students, but also conducive to teachers to optimize teaching methods, and provide reference for the development of fragmented learning of college students.

The Coronavirus situation has escorted to the closure of scholastic institutes all around the world. To not interrupt their students’ learning, educational stakeholders had retorted excellently to this challenge by switching to virtual learning and by improving their virtual learning environments (VLEs). Hence, the VLEs have particular characteristics that should be met to accommodate the students’ learning in a trustworthy and successful way. This study aimed to critically review the influential factors of learning in VLEs via a descriptive study. Findings revealed that teacher personality, student autonomy, ICT, and course design are factors related to motivation for learning in a VLE. These findings are considered valuable contributions for educational stakeholders to meet the students’ educational, psychological, social, and technological needs in VLEs which have replaced, in part or whole, the traditional educational systems in most of the educational institutions around the world.