The purpose of this research study was to investigate the effects of ethanolic stem bark extract of Persea americana on some reproductive parameters of female Wistar rats. In this study, female Wistar rats were randomly assigned into three (3) groups of 5 rats each. The control group (Group 1) was given distilled water. Group 2 received 200mg/kg of the extract and group 3 received 400mg/kg of the extract daily for a period of 21 days following acclimatization. The female rats were cohabited with males in the ratio 2:1 (M:F) for 10 days. Blood samples were collected and some tissues harvested at sacrifice. The statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare groups followed by post-hoc testing to determine whether there were significant differences between the control and treatment groups. P-value less than 0.05 was considered significant and result presented as Mean±SEM. The result showed that the extract of Persea americana caused stimulatory effect on anterior pituitary synthesis of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and may have also caused changes in the gonads leading to decreased gonadal hormone synthesis (estrogen and progesterone). The percentage fertility of the female Wistar rats was significantly reduced suggesting that the stem bark extract of Persea americana possess antifertility effects.

Production of environmentally amenable silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has earned the interest of the scientific community owing to their broad applications, primarily in the field of optronics, sensing, and extensively in pharmaceuticals as promising antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer agents. Conventionally silver nanoparticles are synthesized by a chemical method using chemicals as reducing agents which later become accountable for various biological risks due to their general toxicity; engendering the serious concern to develop environment-friendly processes. This study explored the production of eco-friendly AgNPs and the investigation of their antibacterial activity using ethanolic leaf extract of Jatropha curcas (LEJC) as the reducing agent and aqueous silver nitrate as the precursor. The characteristics of the synthesized LEJC-AgNPs were studied by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The LEJC-AgNPs formation was observed from the colour change of the mixture from dark-yellow to colloidal brown. A distinctive absorption maximum with surface Plasmon resonance at 425 nm confirmed the formation of LEJC-AgNPs and data on SEM analysis have shown that the synthesized nanoparticles were in the nano range and predominantly irregular and spherical in shape. FTIR identified the functional groups present in the extract for the formation of the LEJC-AgNPs. This green synthesis provides an economic, eco-friendly, and clean synthetic route to AgNPs. The assessed antibacterial activity of the LEJC-AgNPs obtained depicts activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), Escherichia coli and Klebsiella Pneumonia (Gram-negative) at 20, 40, and 80 mg/mL respectively. This data is reflective of the role of LEJC-AgNPs as a potential and promising antimicrobial agent against bacterial infections.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the impacts of pressure training with yogic practices on ability of kicking and self-confidence among football players. Forty out of handball players were randomly selected from Coimbatore district, selected players were divided into two groups consisting of 20 football players. No attempt was made equate the groups. The age of the subjects ranged between 18 to 23 years. The influence of the pressure training with yogic practice was assessed on fitness. The training load was increased from the maximum working capacity of the subject doing pilot study. The study was formulated as pre and post-test random group design, in which forty were divided into two equal groups. The experimental group-1(n=20) underwent Pressure training and group -2 served as control group (n=20). In this study, only one training program were adopted as independent variables and ability of kicking and self-confidence was selected as dependent variable and it was tested by warner soccer skill test, performance was recorded in points and self-confidence was tested by CSAI-II Inventory was recorded in scoring. The training period of this intervention 6 days in a week for twelve weeks. The collected pre and post data was critically analyzed with dependent‘t’ test. The level of significance was fixed at 0.05 levels for all the cases in order to find out the significance. The result clearly proved that the pressure training demonstrated better improvement on ability of kicking and self-confidence and self-confidence.

The positive diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) can be challenging and poses a problem of differential diagnosis with pancreatic cancer. It’s most sensitive and specific biological marker is the serum IgG4 level. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) plays a key role in the positive and differential diagnosis. Treatment is based on corticosteroid therapy. We report the case of a 43-year-old female patient admitted for cholestatic jaundice with a cephalic pancreatic mass on imaging simulating pancreatic cancer.

Background: Hypertensive disorder is the most common medical problem encountered in pregnancy with a high perinatal and maternal mortality & morbidity. Worldwide about 76,000 pregnant women die each year from preeclampsia and related hypertensive disorders. Objective: To assess the relation between labetalol and methyldopa in treatment of pregnancy induced hypertension. Methods: This study was hospital based comparative prospective study was conducted at Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January to June 2021. The study consisted of 100 patients with pregnancy induced hypertension attending outpatient department and admitted in ANW, or who directly came to labour room. These patients were randomly selected on lottery basis after they fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Total patients were taken for the study and divided into 2 groups of 50 patients in each group. Results: A total 100 patients were included. The mean age in Group I was 24.4±4.55 years and in Group-II, 23.95±4.28 years. Maximum number of patients was between 19- 24 years in both the groups. In Group-I, 26 (52%) patients and in Group-II, 25 (50%) patients were in this age group. The maximum age in the Group I was 34 years and 35 years in the Group-II. The minimum age was 17 years in both the groups. The inter group difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05) thus the two groups were comparable by age. At baseline no significant difference was seen in SBP in both treatment groups. However after 8 days post testament SBP of women was significantly lower in Group-I patients as that of Group-II patients. i.e. Group-I: 123.41 vs. Group-II: 126.62, p- value=0.009. At baseline no significant difference was seen in DBP in both treatment groups. However at 8th day post treatment DBP of patients was significantly lower in Group-I patients. i.e. 77.18 vs. Group-II 79.64, p-value=0.005. For SBP more effective control was seen in women whose parity was 3-4 and for DBP notable difference was seen in women whose parity was 1-2. The control of systolic blood pressure was more effective in patients with normal body mass index and for Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) more effective control was seen in patients who were obese. On comparison methyldopa significantly causes more drowsiness, headache and nasal congestion and the incidence of Postural hypotension and dysponea in both groups were not significantly different. The patient who required additional drugs to control the uncontrolled hypertension. In Group I, 2 (4%) patients and in Group II, 3 (6%) patients did not respond with starting drug. The inter group difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion: Labetalol had less maternal adverse effect compared to methyldopa but fetal outcome was not observed in this study. Labetalol and methyldopa are equally efficacious in controlling blood pressure in new onset hypertension in pregnancy. This study is just a step in this long way. Therefore, labetalol can be considered positively in the treatment of pregnancy induced hypertension.

This article provides the conceptual framework for earnings management, which begins by presenting the concept of earnings management, then the actions, motives, techniques, measurement, and then the consequences of this practice. This article also presented studies that dealt with earnings management in the Saudi context. This is because the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has recently witnessed a clear development in companies and changes in accounting systems which in turn provides an opportunity for more research on earnings management in Saudi Arabia. Several studies provide evidence that EM occurs in Saudi companies, and there are many motivations to practice earnings management in Saudi companies.

City publicity video spreads city images with strong visual impact, and high-quality subtitle translation builds a bridge for cultural exchange. So this paper takes the short video City For Life of Xiong'an as an example and bases on its stylistic features to discuss the strategies of sound and picture synchronization, discourse coherence strategies, and cultural value principles applied by translators in the process of subtitle translation. The translator should strive to achieve textual coherence and cultural transmission on the basis of the inherent characteristics of subtitles.

Background: Adhesive Capsulitis is a frequent issue that can cause serious impairment. There have been many different treatments explored, with encouraging outcomes, but the effectiveness of these interventions is not well supported by the available data. Anecdotally, pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) to the suprascapular nerve (SSN) has been described as a safe and effective procedure. In addition to the PRF SSN, this study provides evidence of therapeutic motor and sensory stimulation. Methods: 110 patients with adhesive capsulitis underwent percutaneous PRF to the SSN under ultrasound guidance, and the results were prospectively evaluated. Patients were split into two groups. The SSN was demonstrated by the first group (60) in the suprascapular region. A second group of 50 people used a radio frequency equipment to apply motor and sensory stimulation (MSS) cycles to the proximal SSN in the supraclavicular area in addition to the PRF. At 2, 8, and 12 weeks, respectively, the pain was monitored using the Visual Analog Scale and active range of motion (AROM) in the shoulder. Results: Patients in both groups reported significantly substantial reductions in pain scores and improved movement all-time points as compared to pre-procedure scores (P<0.001). Supraclavicular pRF with stimulation significantly reduced pain scores and improved shoulder motions at 2 and 4 weeks compared to suprascapular PRF with stimulation (p<0.05). Regarded 12-month follow-up group showed a substantial improvement in shoulder motions (p<0.05), but there was no discernible difference in pain level. Conclusion Proximal PRF SSN with MSS demonstrated encouraging outcomes for early pain relief and enhancement of shoulder functioning. There are financial advantages. Without the need for hospitalization or extended physical therapy sessions, return to work sooner. However, the sample size was too tiny to allow for any significant interpretation.

Background: Excess aromatase activity is common in males with severely impaired sperm production, as shown by low Semen testosterone and somewhat increased estradiol levels. Elevated estrogen levels cause inhibitory effects of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, resulting in a reduction in LH required for testosterone production and FSH to maximize sperm motility. The main objective of this study was to see how an aromatase inhibitor to Improve Semen Quality in Case of Eugonadotropic Hypogonadism. Methods: This Prospective study was conducted in the Department of obstetrics and gynecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from June 2020 to May 2021. The sample size was 40 subfertile men with oligospermia. (≤ 10 million/ml), low semen testosterone level (<300 ng/dl) and low testosterone to estradiol ratio (<10). All patients were treated with Aromatase Inhibitor 2.5 mg daily for 4 months. At the end of the 4 months the semen analysis was performed. Statistical analysis was carried out by using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 for windows (SPSS version 25.0). Results: The sperm concentration, sperm motility and total motile sperm count significantly increased after Aromatase Inhibitor treatment. The side effects were mild and well tolerated. Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, some men with oligospermia, low Semen testosterone levels, and normal gonadotropin levels may have curable endocrinopathy. In infertile males with a low Semen testosterone to estradiol ratio, Aromatase Inhibitor may be administered to enhance sperm parameters.

Background: Nursing is known to be stressful. Stress detrimentally can influence job satisfaction, psychological well-being, and physical health. There is a need for increased understanding of the stress that nurses experience and how best to manage it. The best coping predictors of mental health were escape–avoidance, distancing, and self-control. Other significant predictors of mental health were support in the workplace, the number of years worked in the unit, and workload. Method: Quantitative cross-sectional study design was used to determine the stress level and coping strategies at tertiary care hospital. 120 nurses working at gastro, medical and surgical wards were selected as sample. Data was collected through the standardized well adopted 31 item questionnaires. Results: results revealed that only (62) 57% nurses are suffering from stress and the used different strategies to manage the stress such as Prayers 55%, Sleeping 9%, exercise 2%, Spending times with friends 5%, Silence during problem 2%, Plan for tour 8%, Music therapy 10%, Walking 1%, Painting 3%, Set prioritises to avoid stress7%. Conclusions: Thus, the process of identifying nurses’ coping with job stress which is linked with the deep and authentic experiences of nurses in relation to job stress, the hidden and visible factors, strategies and methods of nurses’ coping, and also the factors and conditions affecting the coping process of nurses, provide backgrounds and necessary knowledge in order to adopt strategies that reduce or control occupational stress and stressors.

Research conducted to identify the etiologic features of Class III malocclusion showed that this type of deformity involves not only jaws, but the total cranio-facial complex, making it a difficult anomaly to understand. Majority of patients presenting with Class III malocclusions have a combined skeletal and dental discrepancy, making the factors contributing to this anomaly, complex. In skeletal Class III cases, it is challenging to obtain an esthetically and functionally sound occlusal outcome, only with orthodontic treatment. Furthermore, owing to its high rate of relapse it is difficult to maintain a constant post treatment occlusion. The clinical success of orthodontic mini-screws is dependent on many factors such its material characteristics, biomechanics, surgical technique, clinician’s experience, bone depth and quality, primary stability of the mini-screw and oral hygiene of the patient. However, despite its large-scale application in routine orthodontics, its success rate can be further improved. The present article demonstrates the effect of mini-screws on skeletal class III treatment.

The notion of ensuring food for all through rice production in Cameroon dates back to 1954 with the creation of SEMRY (Sociétéd Expansionet de Modernization de la Riziculture de Yagoua). Consequently, rice production in Cameroon was left at the mercy of untrained farmers with limited or no access to input and technology. This study examines the effect of market structure and conduct on the performance of Ndop rice marketing. The research interviewed a total of 50 respondents (19 farmers-traders, 12 millers, 9 wholesalers and 10 retailers) who were selected randomly. The data was analyzed with the use of statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 16.0 and Excel while the Weighted Least Squares regression technique was employed for the estimation of coefficients and test of hypothesis. Performance of the Ndop marketing was captured in a broad dimension which included aspects of product quality and product efficiency, market structure was captured by product homogeneity, entry and exit and market growth rate, while market conduct was captured by the marketing strategy, price strategy and product strategy. Result of the findings revealed that market structure and conduct positively and significantly influences the performance of the Ndop rice marketing. Effort should be directed towards improving the quality and quantity of local rice for it to compete with imported counterpart. This can be achieved by subsidizing cost of milling and monitoring the processing and packaging of locally produced rice at every stage in the marketing chain. The improvement of farm to market roads, the varieties of seeds as well as subsidizing the production process will go a long way to improve market performance.

Introduction: The Fibroscan® is a non-invasive test that assesses liver fibrosis by measuring the degree of liver elasticity. It occupies an important place in the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease.The aim is to evaluate the interest of Fibroscan® in the evaluation of hepatic fibrosis in chronic HbeAg negative infections. Materials and methods: All patients with a chronic HbeAg negative infection from April 2019 to June 2022 were included. Chronic HbeAg negative infection is defined by: a normal clinical examination, a normal abdominal ultrasound, normality of transaminases at several times, AgHbs positive, AgHbe negative, and viral DNA less than 2000 IU/ml on quarterly monitoring over 1 year. The interpretation of the Fibroscan® results took into account 10 measurements validated by the device with the interquartile range (IQR) < 30% of the median and a success rate > 60%. Results: Out of a total of 753 Fibroscans® performed, 163 patients had a chronic HbeAg negative infection, i.e. 21.6%. The mean age of the patients was 49.6 ± 11.2. We note a female predominance of 52.1% with a sex ratio of 0.9. The median elasticity value was 5.6 Kpa (2.5 – 20 Kpa). Fibrosis was non-significant in 83.3% and fibrosis was significant in 16.6% (moderate fibrosis: 12%; severe: 1.3% and cirrhosis: 3.3%). There was a failure of the fibroscan in 13 patients (7.9%) with a BMI > 35 kg/m2 despite the XL probe. Conclusion: Fibroscan® showed the absence of significant fibrosis in the majority of patients with chronic HbeAg negative infection. It allowed the diagnosis of significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in 16.6% of cases. The fibroscan is an excellent non-invasive examination for the evaluation of fibrosis in chronic HbeAg negative infections.

Sarcoidosis is one of the leading causes of inflammatory eye disease. Patients with ocular sarcoidosis can present with a wide range of clinical presentations and severity. This case demonstrates an unusual presentation of unilateral infiltration of the extra-ocular muscles, sparing the uveal tissues and lacrimal glands. This case highlights the importance of screening for ocular involvement in sarcoidosis, and to consider sarcoidosis in the differential for peri-orbital swelling and diplopia.

Medulloblastoma is a primary central nervous tumour with malignant potential which begins in brain or spinal cord. It is the second most common brain tumour in Children accounting for 20% of cases. It can occur in any age, but most often occur in young children. It is found rare in adult group. It is primarily a cerebellar tumour and as cerebellum is mainly involved in muscle co-ordination, balance and movement hence this tumour symptoms include–headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, tiredness, Double Vision, Poor Co-Ordination and unsteady Walk. Treatment Includes Surgery, Chemotherapy And Radiotherapy.