Small-bowel capsule endoscopy (SBCE) is used widely because of its non-invasive and patient-friendly nature. SBCE can visualize entire small-intestinal mucosa and facilitate detection of small-intestinal abnormalities. Indications for SBCE are obscure gastrointestinal bleeding, Crohn’s disease, small-intestinal polyps, tumors and celiac disease. Materials and methods: We report a study from September 2018 to February 2022, including 59 patients who underwent SBCE type PillCam SB3®. All our patients previously had a normal endoscopic assessment (oesogastro-duodenal fibroscopy and ileo-colonoscopy). CT enterography and MR enterography realized in 54.2% of cases were normal. The preparation used is PEG (2l the day before and 0.5l after ingesting the capsule) with clear broth the day before the examination and 10 days off oral iron if taken. Results: The mean age was 53.9 years, with a female predominance (sex ratio: 0.52). 16.9% of the patients had a history of heart disease, 8.4% are chronic renal failure, 5% are followed for Crohn's disease and 3.3% for celiac disease. 10.1% of patients were on anticoagulants and 5% on antiplatelet agents. The indication for SBCE was Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) in 86,3%, Crohn's disease (CD) in 5%, celiac disease in 3,3%, chronic diarrhea in 3,3%, and unexplained edematoascites syndrome in 1,6%. SBCE found small bowel angiodysplasia lesions in 40.6% of patients, small bowel inflammatory lesions in 15% of patients, a submucosal tumor appearance in 6.7% of patients and active small bowel bleeding in 5% patients. The examination did not objectivate small bowel lesion in 25.4% of patients. Non-small bowel lesions have been demonstrated in the form of gastric (16.9% of cases) and cecal (10.1% of cases) angiodysplasia responsible for OGIB. Conclusion: In our study, SBCE showed lesions in 74,6% of cases; dominated by angiodysplasia followed by inflammatory lesions and submucosal tumors and whose indication was essentially OGIB. Enteroscopy with biopsies or with therapeutic gesture, remains essential in the management of these patients.

The oath of medical students is in news as the National Medical Commission (NMC) proposed to replace the Hippocratic oath with the Charak oath for the students of medical colleges in India as on February 7th 2022. The NMC replaced the Medical Council of India (MCI) in September 2020 [14]. The issue got highlighted further with the students of Madurai medical college took the Charak oath instead of the Hippocratic oath in 2022 [1]. Further, in Lucknow, breaking a 110 year old tradition, the students of King George Medical University (KGMU) took Charak Shapath on the first day of 2021-22 sessions [3]. The current article sees through the oath lens & makes an effort to remind Homoeopathic fraternity to remember the Homoeopathic oath or the aphorism of the Organon of Medicine as written by Dr. Hahnemann, the founder of Homoeopathy [5]. The article assumes significance with the Times of India newspaper printing the above-mentioned aphorism as the thought for the day on 12.2.2022 in its editorial page. Further, the there is an editorial column regarding the oath below the thought for the day. The relevant page is given in the figure 1 of this article.

Objectives: To ensure the proper replacement and the continuity of effective leadership in all the management positions in the institute, effective succession planning should be implemented. The aim of the study was to assess the perception of the managers at various managerial positions regarding the succession planning implementation at their academic institution. Methods: Using a mixed research method, this descriptive, cross-sectional research was carried out at a private medical college in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia taking a convenient sample of 61 employees holding different managerial positions. An electronic, self-administered questionnaire was developed by the researchers and filled up by the participants including close-ended and some open-ended questions to assess the perception of succession planning implementation, its facilitators, and possible obstacles. Results: most of the participants revealed that the current managerial position is their first managerial position and that they had one to five years of experience. Most participants preferred to have a structural succession planning program with a mentor before moving to any future managerial position. Multitasking, followed by miscommunication were the main obstacles to succession planning. However, having previous managerial experience, and having friendly and cooperative teamwork were among the main facilitators of the managerial duties and responsibilities. Conclusion: Educational institutions generally need to develop effective succession planning for managers by designing a structural successional planning program. The greatest proportion of the participants reported that the optimal succession plan is supposed to be 4 to 6 months.

This paper focuses on the electronic conveyance (e- conveyance) under Kano Geographic Information System (KANGIS). E-conveyance is one of the blossoming concepts under the realm of Information and Communication Technology (ICT). It involves land transaction using ICT facilities. The prime object of the paper is to highlight the concept of e- conveyance under KANGIS to determine its level of compliance with the world best practices. Combinations of doctrinal and empirical methods of research are adopted for the purpose of writing the paper. It is observed that what was practiced in KANGIS is a hybrid of traditional and digital form of conveyance. It is recommended that KANGIS should try to upgrade their system of e- conveyance to conform with the world best practices.

Physical and chemical techniques have gained special interest for discovery of novel materials, nanoparticles characterization, crystals and metallic based characterization and semiconductor based materials. Nanotechnology has made tremendous advances and infinitely divisible into smaller pieces, or composed of small, indivisible and indestructible particles in the form atoms. Different approaches have used for designing of nanoparticles. Physical and chemical methods have been used for the synthesis of nanoparticles, although, some of them needed more advances for high quality and biodegradable materials to meet the industrial demands. Carbon and silica based nanoparticles can be designed in order to improve the rubber properties , while on the other hand, carbon based nanoparticles can be used for improving the polymers to increase their strength and impact resistance. Semiconductor quantum dots also made revolutionary advances for replacing the toxic materials employed. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is the most important type of spectroscopy that helpful for industrial promotions of magnetic nanoparticles. High-performance liquid chromatography is the most important technique used in physics and chemistry in components in the given sample can be identifying easily within short period of time. Different nanoparticles can be easily accessed through Powder X-ray diffraction. One of the examples is silver nanoparticles. Crystallization is one of the most important process for solidification of atoms or molecules in such a way that they get shape the crystal.

Background: Pregnancy at extremes of age can be very challenging. The reflex of a woman to pregnancy is influenced by various factors through which woman's age at pregnancy time can be known as the single most important factor that has undeniable effect on pregnancy process and labour. Both adolescent and elderly pregnancy are considered to be high risk as they have unique outcomes. Objective: To assess the effect of maternal age on obstetric and neonatal outcome. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 250 primiparous women who attended at Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 300 Bed Hospital, Narayanganj, Bangladesh from March 2019-February 2020. A detailed history regarding maternal age, period of gestation, development of any signs and symptoms of various comorbidities is taken and antenatal examination is done. Routine antenatal investigations were done and all the cases were followed till delivery. Development of various maternal co-morbidities, mode of delivery and neonatal outcome was assessed. Results: Majority of our study population were in 20-34 years age group (72.0%), teenagers constituted 19.2%, advanced maternal age constituted 8.8%.The number of pre- term births in gestational age between 28 to 36 weeks were similar in teenage mothers (12.5%) and elderly primi (13.6%) where as in normal age group it was only 3.8%. Post term pregnancy where comparatively higher in elderly primi (18.8%) than teenagers (10.4%) Association of gestational age with maternal age is statistically significant (P <0.05). In our study 11% patients had Gestational Hypertension. Association of Hypertension in pregnancy with maternal age is statistically significant (p <0.05). In our study, GDM was present in 7.6%; in teenage mothers 2.1% and in elderly mothers 28.5%. In teenage 12.5% and in elderly mothers it is 31.8%. Association of Hypothyroid and maternal age is statistically significant (p<0.05). In our study anemia was seen in 4.1% of teenagers, 4.5% advanced maternal age, 3.3% in age group 20 to 34 years. In our study, 47.9% of teenage mothers delivered vaginally and 52.1% of them delivered by cesarean section. In age group 20 to 34 years, vaginal delivery was 50.2% and caesarean delivery was 49.7%. Whereas in elderly primis the rate of cesarean delivery was 71.4% and vaginal delivery was 28.5%. Association of mode of delivery with maternal age is statistically significant (p<0.05). In our study teenagers, term babies were 78.7%, pre-term babies were 12.7%, IUGR babies were 6.3% and IUD 2.1%. In advanced maternal age; term babies were 68.1%, pre- term were 13.6%, IUGR were 13.6% and IUD were 4.5%. Association of outcome of baby is statistically significant (p<0.05). In our study the babies which got admitted in NICU were 33.7% in teenage mothers and in elderly is 13.3%. Association of NICU admission among teenage and advanced maternal age is statistically significant. (p<0.05). Conclusion: Teenage pregnancy is an essential public health issue as it is associated with poor maternal and fetal outcome. Teenage and Elderly pregnancy are associated increased maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity early detection of risk factors and prevention is necessary to reduce the morbidity.

This study empirically examines and attempt to comprehend parental communication with adolescent girls regarding reproductive health. It investigates the communication barriers from the parent's perspective. The research was undertaken in two taluks of the Ballari District, such as Sandur and Hospet. To accomplish the objectives of the study, a descriptive research design was chosen. The data was collected from 260 parents utilizing the Interview schedule and a random selection technique. The study results indicate that the average age of the parents was 33.20 years. It was discovered that the parents' age and degree of education affect reproductive health communication with adolescent girls. The association between Communicational obstacles and education has been ascertained using the Chi-square test.

Formalin is one of the commonest embalming fluid used in modern embalming. Methanol can also be mixed with formalin in order to prevent the precipitation of formaldehyde to paraformaldehyde. Methanol is also a good preservative. Strangled bodies remain one of common homicides received at funeral homes in Anambra state, Nigeria. Therefore, the objectives of this study are to observe the early decomposition activities in Anambra state; use an embalming mixture containing formalin, methanol and water to arrest it; and document the techniques used to achieve it. Therefore, four infant pigs were used for this study. They were sacrificed and allowed to reach the early stage of decomposition before embalming. The results showed that outcome of embalming is influenced by the embalming mixture used, duration of the embalming, and the room temperature of the morgue were the embalmed bodies were stored after embalming. The results also showed that atmospheric temperature and humidity does not influence the outcome of embalming. In conclusion, the methodology for arresting early decomposition of strangled homicides is by arterially injecting an embalming mixture containing formalin, methanol, water and dye; and also supplementing this technique with hypodermic embalming technique.

Dengue fever is public health concerns in Bangladesh, where it occurs in epidemics and has a high mortality in the advanced stages. Clinical features are nonspecific and diagnosis is supported by lab features. Common lab tests include Platelet count, leucocyte count and platelet indices are useful in small rural set ups for early diagnosis and prognosis of dengue. The aim of this study is to evaluate relationship between platelet count, leukocytes and platelet indices. This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Laboratory Medicine in collaboration with Department of Internal Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2019 to September 2019. Clinical records of 260 cases were preserved in a structured Clinical Record Form (CRF). Only those, with antigen/antibody supported cases was enrolled in the study. Mean neutrophil (%), mean lymphocyte (%) and mean eosinophil (%) count were statistically significant difference among different platelet count groups (p<0.05). There was significant negative correlation between PDW and platelet count (r= -0.228, p<0.001). MPV was also negatively correlated with platelet count but not significant (r= -0.106, p= 0.088). Beside Platelet count and leukocyte count, Platelet indices such as PDW and MPV are also useful to monitor dengue fever.

This study examined the relationship between parenting styles, television viewing habits, and academic performance of second year students in Ghanaian junior high schools in the Ga-East Municipality. The study was a cross-sectional correlational study using 310 samples drawn from a population of 1700 students. Using a five-point Likert’s scale, Buri's Parental Authority Questionnaire (α =.619) measured parenting style in this study. Students Grade Point Average (GPA) in four subjects (English, Mathematics, Integrated Science and Social Studies) represented academic performance scores, while self-constructed TV viewing instrument (α = .71) was used to gather data on students’ television viewing habit. ANOVA, t-test, and multiple regression were used to test four hypotheses. Results indicated that authoritarian and permissive parenting styles correlated negatively with academic performance while authoritative parenting style affected students’ performance positively. The study also discovered that time spent watching TV significantly and negatively influenced academic performance of students. Again, time spent viewing television, did not differ significantly on the basis of age. The study concluded that authoritative parenting style is significant for a better academic grade, and that age is not a factor in regards to time students spent watching TV programmes. Based on the outcome of the study, it was recommended that the Municipal Counsellor should organise career guidance programmes for the students to encourage them to be more focused on their studies and also to reduce their TV viewing time. In addition, parents must be encouraged to regulate the TV viewing habits of their children.

Introduction: Abnormal level of circulating lipids refers to dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia mostly affects non-communicable diseases like CHD, CVD, cancer, autoimmune disease, etc. The population group most affected by non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Bangladesh comprises middle-aged persons and the elderly, having a major share of the disease burden and mortality in the country. Changing dietary habits and lifestyle, rapid urbanization, growth of commuting, tobacco use, uncontrolled growth and consumption of processed foods and beverages, indoor air pollution, road-traffic injuries, lack of awareness about healthful behavioral patterns, and psychological pressure are among the important factors responsible for such non-communicable diseases. The present study was conducted with the goal of observing any association between dyslipidemia and dietary habits in men and women. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to observe the association of dyslipidemia with dietary habits. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at the Department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study duration was one year, from March 2016 to February 2017. Non-probability sampling method was used to select a total of 245 dyslipidemia cases from the adult population attending the BSMMU outpatient department during the study period. Result: The majority of the dyslipidemic patients had isolated hypercholesterolemia. All types of dyslipidemia had a significantly higher prevalence among the male population. Mixed hyperlipidemia was significantly higher among the older population. Statistical significance was only observed among the total cholesterol levels and the male population and TG level and the female population of mixed hyperlipidemic subjects in regards to healthy food consumption. Unhealthy food consumption had a high correlation with dyslipidemia in both male and female population. Conclusion: The study shows that isolated hypercholesterolemia is prevalent. Food habits also have an impact on lipid profile among study subjects. Healthy foods are mostly associated with high HDL-C. Unhealthy food consumption has a high correlation with dyslipidemia in both male and female populations.

School social workers are trained health professionals who provide important services directly to students and sometimes to teachers in their institutions. They act as the connection for schools, homes and community services to help students’ educational, emotional, and developmental needs. Many of them practice in private and public schools. Not many school social educators could discharge their duties to their maximum capacity, their roles are changing in schools due to lack of necessary equipment for learners, as a result of changes in economic situation in Nigeria. The study investigated the extent the required equipment for the teaching of learners with special needs are available in their schools; the changing roles of social workers in schools; and the effects of the changing roles of social work educators on students with special needs and members of the society. The study was carried out using qualitative research approach. Structured questionnaire guided the focus group discussion. Interaction was done with social work educators in their randomly selected schools for students with special needs in Osun State, Nigeria. Findings revealed that social workers trained people with special needs to make good use of their skills to prepare materials and goods for self-development; schools used different methods to communicate and sensitise parents, and the entire community to take their children to these schools. Also, the roles of social work educators are changing as they have to source for ways of getting equipment for learners, by pleading to philanthropists or religious bodies for the provision of these equipment, as the learners’ needs could not be met either by the government or their parents. This study is contributing to the knowledge of everyone that teaching people with special needs cannot be effective without the use of instructional materials. Observations revealed apart from lack of equipment, educators’ services also faced suspicion, criticisms and neglect by some members of the society. Based on these findings, it was recommended that social work educators be not discouraged due to lack of instructional materials or equipment for the use of their students with special needs, or comments from members of the society, but take the work as a call to serve humanities in their society.

Introduction: Wellens syndrome or anterior interventricular artery (AIV) disease is an electrocardiographic abnormality defined by the presence, apart from painful episodes, of biphasic T waves in the anterior leads (type 1), or deeply inverted T waves (type 2) in association with critical stenosis of the proximal AIV. It warrants aggressive management given the rather high incidence of death and re-infarction. Objectif: To report an atypical form of this syndrome through this observation and to provide an update on this rare entity through a literature review. Case report: A 48-year-old patient, chronic smoker with 40 BPs still active, admitted following an episode of infarct chest pain. At admission, the patient was asymptomatic. The clinical examination was unremarkable. The ECG showed biphasic T waves, negative in its terminal part in V2-V3-V4, without planed R waves, nor Q waves of necrosis or significant ST abnormality evoking a WELLENS type 1 syndrome. Ultrasensitive troponin was measured at 260 ng/L. The evolution was marked by the appearance of a fleeting negativation of T waves, without chest pain. Chest echocardiography showed a non-dilated left ventricle with preserved systolic function and no detectable segmental or global kinetic disorders, associated with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy. The coronary angiography performed in emergency shows tritroncular lesions, a very tight stenosis of the middle interventricular and the first diagonal, a tight stenosis of the middle circumflex and the middle right coronary, revealing a coronary artery bypass graft. Discussion and conclusion: Wellens syndrome is characterized by T-wave abnormalities that often fluctuate (from type 1 to type 2 or vice versa) during pain-free intervals, reflecting spontaneous reperfusion and the unstable nature of the coronary lesion found, which is represented mainly by involvement of the proximal AVI. Involvement of the middle IVA associated with other lesions is rarely observed. It is associated with a greater risk of anterior infarction or sudden death if not recognized and treated rapidly, so it seems essential to recognize the electrocardiographic criteria of this syndrome in order to propose coronary angiography for early revascularization.

Agricultural productivity under stress conditions can be accomplished by modifying cellular metabolism and molecular transformations of genetically modified plans with the help of nano-material-mediated facilitations. Horticultural crops are the main source of nutritional compounds such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and organic acids. Osmotic stress combined with temperatures over 28°C caused a 30-45 percent blossom decline in several tomato varieties. Chili too is susceptible to drought stress, which can result in production losses of as much as 50 to 60 percent. Pigment and color retention are important determinants of vegetable and fruit quality and nutritional values. Genes involved in the enhancement of anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation during postharvest storage in red-fleshed kiwi. Targeted implementation of fruit-specific promoters with distinct up and low regulated epigenetic biomarkers might be useful in the expression of genes and reduces the side effects developed by constitutive promoters. Chitosan is one kind of these nanomaterials over-coated on post-harvested mangoes to secure its edible portion from rotting, increase its vitamin C contents, maintain its freshness, and increase shelf-life. The use of nanomaterials in the food industry reduces the cost of electricity applied in refrigeration for preservation purposes alongside maintaining the original vigor and vitality of the fruits like tomatoes.

The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis advocates the ontology of language, arguing that language affects and even determines human thinking to some extent. In view of the fact that human thinking is abstract and intangible, and that values are the soul of the way of thinking, this paper compares the three sets of non-equivalent phenomena between Chinese and American languages and values. As a result, it can be exemplified that language cannot determine or influence values to a certain extent, that is, language cannot determine or influence people's thinking to a certain extent, thus revealing the irrationality of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. Through in-depth analysis of the differences between Chinese and American values as well as language characteristics, the cultural concepts behind language can be more deeply understood, which is conducive to improving the awareness of cross-cultural communication and enhancing cross-cultural communication ability; on the other hand, the accuracy and authenticity of language selection can also be improved so as to ensure the reliability in the translation practice.