Issues on psychological problems facilitated by the harmful situation for optimal personal growth such as being imprisoned are critical and need investigation to know the correlation. This research aims to investigate how common mental health issues experienced by youths at Kutoarjo Juvenile Correctional Institution. The research participants included 69 youth as samples, ranging in age from 14 to 18 years old with an average age of 16.5. The DASS 42 (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale) was used to collect data. It is a self-report scale that was intended to measure depression, anxiety, and stress. Demographic data was also gathered as complementary. The results reveal that none of the participants have severe depression symptoms, 13.04 percent have mild depression symptoms, and 7.25 percent have moderate depression symptoms. Concerning anxiety, it is known that 10.15 percent of those surveyed had extremely serious anxiety and 7.25 percent had severe anxiety. Furthermore, 2.9% of the participants were stressed to a severe and extremely severe degree. There were no significant differences in depression, anxiety, or stress depending on the educational context. Moreover, there was no significant correlation between distance from house to penitentiary and problems of depression and stress; however, the distance has a significant correlation with anxiety, rho = .238, at Los .05.

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stress factors in plants that devastatingly affect the plants growth and reduce productivity. The major causes of soil salinity are dry climates and low precipitations, high evaporation rate, which adds salts to the ground surface; poor drainage or waterlogging. Tracking the genetic sequences and control of switching on/off of such transcriptional genes may help in mitigating influences of several biotic and abiotic stresses. PtSOS2, AtNHX1, and OsRab7 are the most important salt tolerant genes. Under drought treatments, induction of NAC and homeobox domain containing TFs illustrates their regulatory roles. Uptake of compatible solutes, synthesis of antifreeze proteins and antioxidants, and expression of cold responsive genes perform significant preventive roles against cold stress. Glucanase gene is one of the reflective examples of disease resistant enzyme. It catalyzes the synthesis of phytoalexins. Through this is strategy, the process involved in defensive mechanisms of plants contouring abiotic stress. Heat shock (HS) is often lethal to plants and exert negative impacts on the structural as well as functional profiles in many crops. It occurs by genetic modification in the Arabidopsis by viral DNA from recognition by the guide RNA.

Introduction: Ayurvedic dosage forms hold a unique place in pharmaceutics and therapeutics. Sneha Kalpana is a group of products of medicated taila and ghee. Murchana is the first step towards any Sneha paka process. It is a special pharmaceutical procedure before subjecting the drugs to Sneha Paka. For the Preliminary treatment of ghrita (Refining of ghrita) six herbal drugs are added to it. These herbal drugs are: Haritki (Terminalia chebula), Amalaki (Emblica officinalis), Vibhitaki (Terminalia bellirica), Mustaka (Cyperus rotundus), Haridra (Curcuma longa), Matulunga (Citrus medica). Main aim of Sneha Murchana is to remove - Durgandha (Bad odor), Amadhosha (Unrefined ghee), Ugrata (Sharpness). Ghrita (Cow’s ghee) is a potent ingredient capable of promoting memory, intellect, power of digestion, semen levels and Ojas (ojas is an essence present in every dhatu (tissue) and is responsible for the strength, vitality and immunity of the body.) Various studies have proved immunostimulant activity of Cow’s ghee. It can be a possibility that this preliminary refining Murchana process of ghrita might increase the immunostimulant potential of ghee. This review article focusses on the immunomodulatory potential of the herbs added during Murchana process. Material and Method: Literature related to six Murchana herbs have been referred from various ayurvedic texts, modern medical books, research papers and journals. Phytoconstituents of Murchana dravyas and anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effect of Murchana dravyas have been compiled from various sources. Result and Discussion: Various studies have proven anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, immunomodulatory effect of these six Murchana herbs. Hence it can be concluded that along with other benefits refining ‘Murchana’ process of ghrita might increase the immunostimulant potential of ghee.

The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between online learning and academic load with academic stress during the Covid-19 pandemic in students who are studying online in Indonesia. This study uses online learning scales, academic load, and academic stress to measure each variable, using quantitative research methods, and simple random sampling data collection techniques. The number of subjects is 116 first-year second-semester students at seven colleges who are studying online in Indonesia. The results showed that there is a negative relationship between online learning and academic stress, there is a positive relationship between academic load and academic stress, and there is a relationship between online learning and academic load with academic stress in students. The research found online learning is the most dominant variable contributing to the academic stress of students in Indonesia.

This study aims to determine how the effect of e-commerce tax regulations, implementation of accounting standards and tax review on taxpayer compliance of Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Jakarta and its surroundings. The study is based on the low level of tax compliance in Indonesia and tax revenues that do not reach the target, even though trade transactions, especially e-commerce, continue to grow. The development of e-commerce transactions requires an understanding of e-commerce regulations, implementation of accounting standards and tax reviews to improve tax compliance of MSME actors. This study uses quantitative methods with multiple regression analysis test through statistical data analysis software SPSS. The data used is primary data collected using a questionnaire with 390 respondents data that can be processed. The results of the study prove that the e-commerce regulation variable and tax review have an effect on MSME taxpayer compliance, while the accounting implementation variable has no effect on MSME taxpayer compliance in Jakarta. The results of this study can be used as a reference for the contribution of MSME practices, consideration for making regulations for the government and teaching input on E-Commerce Tax Regulations, Accounting Applications and Tax reviews on MSME taxpayer compliance, as well as being a scientific reference for future study.

The strategy in overcoming obstacles and obstacles in the Implementation of One Data for Hulu Sungai Selatan in accordance with Regent Regulation Number 40 of 2021 in Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency is to increase the disposition factor or attitude of the implementer which has been successfully implemented optimally. In the indicators for the appointment of bureaucrats, all policy implementers carry out their duties with discipline and responsibility. Meanwhile, on the incentive indicator for the One Data Website admin officer in the Website Portal field, there are no incentives given specifically to the administrator of the One Data HSS Website. One Data Officers have been given a salary and Performance Allowance or honorarium according to their duties and functions. One Data Admin, both from the Ministry of Communication and Informatics and from the OPD, received an assignment from the Head of the OPD to fill in sectoral statistical data on the Hulu Sungai Selatan one data portal. In addition, the last factor, namely the bureaucratic structure, has also been successfully implemented. In the Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) indicator, there are already Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) at the Communication and Information Office of Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency in the Regional Digitization Program in carrying out their duties and carried out according to the SOP. In the fragmentation indicator, all communities are carried out equally without being privileged, either from the relevant agencies such as Bappelitbangda or the general public who are looking for data for research purposes and so on.

There have been a growing number of patients demanding root canal treatment to save their teeth. This study aimed to determine the pattern of demand and treatment need for root canal treatments at a tertiary healthcare facility in Lagos, Nigeria and update the dental literature with the demand and pattern of root canal treatments as seen in Nigeria. This was a retrospective study. Data from 8239 patients treated at restorative dental clinic, Lagos State University Teaching Hospital from 2011 through 2014, were reviewed. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 26. Association between categorical variables was assessed using Chi square test. Significance level was set at p<0.05. Nine hundred (900) patients age 18 to 79 years (Mean ± SD 38.95±9.4) of which 542 (60.2%) were male and 358 (39.8%) female received root canal treatment involving 1256 teeth. More male patients demanded for root canal treatment but treatment need was greater in female patients and increased with age. Demand for root canal treatment was more prevalent in those < 40 years of age. Central incisors were the most frequently root filled teeth in the maxilla and this was statistically significant (p=0.002). In the mandible, first molars were the most frequently root filled teeth however, this was not statistically significant (p=0.093). Findings in this study corroborate those of several other studies in Nigeria. However, unlike other Nigerian studies, this study noted a greater need for root canal treatment in female patients compared to male patients.

This study is to consider the compulsive buying pattern based on a new Compulsive buying index score. It examines the influence of unplanned buying, emotions, purchasing power, impulsiveness, post-purchase, monomania, direct mail response, and online shopping on compulsive buying behavior in the pandemic situation. The quantitative approach used to explore the compulsive buying pattern through the sample size of 33 under the snowball sampling method the study reveals comparability between Gen Z males & females mightily fall into a severe and mild compulsive category to other generations. Liken female consumers; male consumers are highly compulsive. This study supports the marketers for framing the tactics to attract consumers' impulse, emotional, and fanatical behavior.

Introductions: Minimally invasive surgery is now the standard surgical procedure for benign gynecological diseases and plays an increasing role in their treatment. This study presents a personal series of an evaluation of the laparoscopic surgical approach. Its outcomes in the surgical treatment of patients with benign gynecological diseases. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the outcome of gynecological laparoscopy in a low-resource setting. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a private hospital in Rajshahi, Bangladesh. It is a retrospective surgical series of patients performed by the author, which analyzes (n=24) female patient treated from 2019 to December 2020. Results: A number of 24 female patients were included in this study; their mean age was 32.6 years. Among them diagnostic laparoscopy was done in 13 patients. This is mostly due to primary sub-fertility and therapeutic laparoscopy in 11 patients (2 salpingectomy for ectopic pregnancy, 3 laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy, 1 myomectomy, 1 TLH, 1 laparoscopic adhesiolysis, 2 Ovarian cystectomy, and 1 left sided salpingoophorectomy was done for ovarian cyst). 1 laparoscopic procedure for LAVH was converted to laparotomy due to excessive bleeding. 20 patients were released without incident, but post-Surgical site infection occurred in 1 patient. There was no significant difference in operative complications, blood loss, or length of hospital stay compared to conventional laparoscopic surgery reported in the literature. The perioperative complications are minimal in this personal series. In this study, laparoscopic myomectomy and laparoscopic adhesiolysis for pelvic endometriosis. It took longer to perform using this approach compared with other procedures. Conclusion: Despite having many benefits over conventional procedures, gynecological laparoscopy has several limitations, especially in a low resource-poor setting (Lack of knowledge, Popularity among patients, Higher cost, Long learning curve, Instrumental backup). This paper reported a feasible and safe surgical approach to laparoscopic surgery for gynecological diseases.

Humor-based teaching is gaining an increased attention from academicians and researchers all over the world. However, its outcomes and contextual factors which make it effective or ineffective are still not clear due to the limited research in this domain. In the present study, the focus is on understanding the effects of humor-based teaching in the university setting. The study utilized a cross-sectional method for data collection and a quantitative approach for data analysis. Data is collected from students in the graduation program in a higher educational institute in Oman. The key findings of the study are that out of three dimensions of humor-based teaching, psychological comfort significantly influences students' academic performance measured in terms of semester GPA and CGPA. The findings highlight that humor-based teaching is important and needs to be given greater attention in this context.

Elbow dislocation may lead to disabling consequences such as elbow instability or stiffness. Complex elbow dislocation is associated with expected fracture patterns such as radial head, coronoid process, and terrible triad. On the other hand, simple dislocation is the dislocation without bony injury and is associated with a favorable prognosis. The following report describes a thirty-eight-year-old male who developed complex posterolateral elbow dislocation with irreducible trochlear fractures that blocked the reduction and mandated open reduction.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by persistent airflow limitation that is usually progressive. Additionally, exacerbations and co-existing morbidities contribute to the overall severity in the individual patient [1, 3]. Metabolic syndrome is the name for a group of risk factors that raises the risk for heart disease and other health problems such as, diabetes and stroke. It is present in almost 57% of COPD patients [2]. This is a prospective observational study included 50 patients admitted in chest ward of Sri Ramachandra hospital with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, According to guidelines from the national heart, lung, and blood pressure (NHLBI) and the American heart association(AHA), metabolic syndrome is diagnosed, COPD staging with PFT. Each patient was included only once in the study. On admission each patients history was taken regarding occupation, smoking, medication (Inhaled corticosteroids and bronchodilators), number of years of treatment, number of acute exacerbation and number of hospital admission in last year were recorded and tabulated. Height, Weight, BMI, Pulse rate, Respiratory rate and blood pressure, ABG, lipid profile, 6minute walk test, mid arm, mid-thigh and waist circumference were recorded and sent for statistical analysis. Result showed the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our study was 62% and was associated with severe airflow obstruction and low 6 minute walk distance. Coexisting comorbidities also more frequent in these patients.

On 13th December 1986, the famous actor of Indian cinema Mrs. Smita Patil died of child birth complications technically known as puerperal sepsis (HT, 13th Dec, 1986). 36 years later, in 2022, Dr. Archana of Dausa, Rajasthan died by suicide as she was arrested after a pregnant woman died of Post Partum Haemorrhage (PPH) in her private hospital (TNN. March 30th 2022). This clearly reflects the challenge that maternal health throws at the health fraternity. A woman’s struggle in the stage of pregnancy is full of turbulents. The struggle of mothers continues in India even today and that too in the state of UP even on a large scale. The current Maternal Mortality Ratio in India is 103 per 10000 live births & for the state of UP, it is 167 (SRS, 2019). Similarly, the Maternal Mortality Rate of India is 6.5 per 100,000 pregnant women in the age group of 15-49 years where as in UP, it is 14.7 per 100,000 pregnant women in the age group of 15-49 years. The high Maternal Mortality both in India and UP stand as a testimony to this fact as reducing this indicator is a priority. The target of achieving the SDG target of 70 per one lakh live births is a long way. The current article focuses on the initiatives of the role of homoeopathy in public health system to address maternal mortality. Basically, there are three approaches to reduce maternal mortality. These are addressing the three crucial delays related to the maternal mortality. The article focuses exclusively on these approaches while relating to homoeopathy. There are three objectives of the article. The first is to find out the current status of Homoeopathy in the maternal health practices, the second is to find out the details of the current & past implementation strategies in the homoeopathic context and the third is to find out the link between Homoeopathy & maternal health practices. The study uses secondary data. The gap that the article worked on is to explore a link between Homoeopathy & maternal health & its modalities. It deciphers whether there is a functional link currently or not & suggests future strategies based on the functionality of the link. It will be a step in the right direction to fulfill the plans to achieve the maternal health target of SDG by 2030 especially for maternal mortality related goals. For the benefit of the readers, the article includes its expected outcome, relevance to society & policy making through the context of the identified issues & the research gap. Through all these sections, the current article puts an effort to fulfill the three cited objectives of the current study related to incorporation of homoeopathy in maternal care.

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori colonization of the human gastric mucosa potentially leads to chronic gastritis that may progress to peptic ulcer disease. Additionally, this micro-organism has been identified as a risk factor for the development of gastric carcinoma and gastric lymphoma. Its relation with non-ulcer dyspepsia has not been clear. Objective: To assess the diagnostic usefulness of stool antigen test with serum Helicobacter pylori antibody and CLO test in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in dyspeptic patients. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Sylhet M.A.G. Osmani Medical College in collaboration with the Department of Gastroenterology Sylhet M.A.G. Osmani Medical College, Sylhet from July 2012 to June 2013. The calculated sample size was 196 but in this study we took 150 patients due to financial constrain and time limitation. Patients upper GI tract for dyspepsia and whoever fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were considered as study sample. All the findings, previous history and reports of investigations were recorded in a preformed data collection sheet prepared for this purpose. The patient with clinical features suggestive of dyspepsia was selected for upper GI endoscopy. Results: For this purpose, 150 dyspeptic patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled. The age of the patients ranged from 18 to 80 years with the mean age of 43.35 (SD ± 16.30) years. There were 32 (21.3%) patients in the age group of 21 to 30 years, 31 (20.7%) patients in the age group of 31 to 40 years, 30 (20.0%) patients in the age group of 41-50 years, 26 (17.3%) patients in the age group of 51-60 years, 21 (14.0%) patients in the age group of above 60 years and 10 (6.7%) patients in the age group up to 20 years. There were 93 (62.0%) male and 57 (38.0%) female with a ratio of male to female was 163:1. Showed the distribution of patients according to endoscopic findings. Endoscopic findings was normal in 85 (56.7%) patients, duodenal ulcer in 26 (17.3%) patients, gastritis in 23 (15.3%) patients, and gastric ulcer in 16 (10.7%) patients. The distribution of patients according to CLO test. CLO test was positive in 97 (64.7%) patients and negative in 53 (35.3%) patients. The patients according to serum Helicobacter pylori antibody by ELISA. Serum Helicobacter pylori antibody was positive in 101 (67.3%) patients and negative in 49 (32.7%) patients. Stool antigen test was positive in 73 (48.7%) patients and negative in 77 (51.3%) patients. Using CLO test as the gold standard the sensitivity and specificity of stool antigen test in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection was 72.7% and 94.3% respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 95.9% and 64.9% respectively. The overall accuracy was 80.0%. There was moderate agreement between the two test (Kappa, k=0.603; p<0.001). Using CLO test as the gold standard in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection the sensitivity and specificity of serum Helicobacter pylori antibody was 89.7% and 82.2% respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 86.1% and 79.6% respectively. The overall accuracy was 84.0%. There was a substantial agreement between the two test (Kappa, k=0.644; p<0.001). Conclusion: The overall accuracy was 80.0%. There was good agreement between the two test (Kappa, k=0.603). Using CLO test as the gold standard in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection this study showed that the sensitivity and specificity of serum Helicobacter pylori antibody was 89.7% and 82.2% respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 88.7% and 100.0% respectively. The overall accuracy was 84.0%. In conclusion comparing CLO test (invasive) is still the superior to stool antigen and serology (non-invasive), both of which is going very close to each other in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in dyspeptic patients.

Cervical ectopic is a life-threatening gynaecological emergency. It is highly prone to severe hemorrhage with maternal morbidity and mortality. It has an incidence of 1% and requires prompt diagnosis. Management is usually individualized and depends on gestational age, presentation severity and the available options and expertise. It could be medical, surgical endoscopically or a combination of treatment. A cervical ectopic in a 32-year-old nullipara who had a negative exploratory laparotomy on account of missed cervical ectopic and later a failed medical management with methotrexate. She subsequently had a dilatation and curettage under spinal anesthesia followed by medical management with repeat three doses of systemic methotrexate due to persistent haemorrhage. She was monitored with a serial level of beta human chorionic gonadotrophins until normal level was attained. Cervical ectopic is a rare form of ectopic gynaecological health workers need to have a high index of suspicion in making diagnosis and prompt intervention instituted. Though there is no standard management protocol, combination therapy of available management options has proven to be effective.