Hemangiomas are common tumors that exhibit microscopic blood vessel proliferation. Congenital hemangiomas frequently present from birth and may become increasingly noticeable over time. Their origin is most likely developmental rather than malignant. This report describes a 6-year-old girl's gingival hemangioma and the way a sclerosing agent was used to treat it. The aim of this case report is to demonstrate the therapeutic benefits of boiled saline as a sclerotherapy for oral hemangiomas. Boiled saline is a safe and effective sclerosing therapy for oral hemangiomas. This method provided our patient with significant symptom relief at a minimal cost with few complications.

Background: In dengue-endemic countries such as Bangladesh, early discrimination of dengue from other acute febrile illnesses (AFI) in outpatient practice is a pivotal practical strategy to expedite proper case management and optimize resource utilization, but the predictive value of common symptoms like myalgia and chills are poorly quantified. The prevalence, diagnostic accuracy and independent predictors for laboratory confirmed dengue among adults’ outpatients in Dhaka, Bangladesh were the objectives of this study. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was carried out in two tertiary hospitals, Dhaka during the period from January to December 2025. The consecutive AFI (History & examination duration ≤7 days) adults older than 18 years were included. Symptoms were assessed using a structured questionnaire and included information on myalgia (presence and severity, from 1 to 10), and chills. NS1 antigen and/or IgM antibody using a WHO-prequalified rapid test (SD BIOLINE Dengue Duo) were used to confirm dengue illness. Summary (max 100 words): Diagnostic accuracy was determined, and independent predictors were identified using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Dengue prevalence was 42.2% (76/180) in a total of 180 studied individuals. Myalgia was reported in 93.4% vs 68.3% in dengue-positive than dengue-negative patients (p<0.001) revealing a high sensitivity (93.4%) but low specificity It was the prevalent symptom/sign among both cases and controls (Table 2A). Myalgia (≥5 score) had a specificity 55.8%. Chills were less predominantly observed among dengue-positive patients (44.7% vs 71.2%, p<0.001) and had moderate specificity 71.2%. In multivariate analysis, myalgia was a strong independent predictor (aOR=5.87, 95% CI: 1.99–17.29), while chills were inversely associated with dengue (aOR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.21–0.80). Conclusions: Severe myalgia is a sensitive clinical marker, whereas chills should raise the possibility of other causes. Targeting such symptom presentations can help contribute to early clinical suspicion and prioritize testing in the outpatient settings affected by dengue epidemics.

Physician training provides a critical lens for examining the structural strengths, limitations, and ethical orientations of healthcare systems. This commentary reflects on internal medicine training within tertiary settings in Doha [Qatar] and Ottawa [Canada] analyzing how organizational design and sociocultural context influence continuity of care, supervisory accessibility, documentation practices, evidence integration, and equity. Drawing on first-hand clinical engagement, the discussion moves beyond descriptive comparison to interrogate institutional responsibilities toward trainees, particularly the proportionality of educational benefit relative to the financial, emotional, and logistical burdens of international training pathways. By centering trainee narratives, this work underscores experiential insight as foundational to meaningful health system reform. How physicians are trained ultimately shapes clinical competence, ethical integrity, and the humanism of care delivery.

Precision nutrition is a potentially disruptive paradigm of nutritional science that seeks to precisely customize food advice depending on the biological, genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors of individuals. The intensive research growth in human and animal nutrition, nutrigenomics, metabolomics and data-driven methods has produced a convoluted and multidisciplinary literature that is difficult to synthesize in terms of conventional narrative methods. The current paper presents a combined bibliometric and scientmetric review of the world-wide research on precision nutrition published in PubMed index between 2005 and 2025 which incorporates the performance analysis, science mapping and multivariate conceptual approaches. One hundred and thirty-two publications were analyzed in 81 sources with the help of Bibliometrix R package and VOSviewer. Temporal analysis indicated that the output of research has increased significantly since 2015 as a result of increasing use of omics technologies, microbiome research, and computational analytics. The source analysis revealed that there is a high concentration of journal that has a few core nutrition journals that cover a huge percentage of the publications, which is in line with the law of Bradford. The geographic evaluation showed that the high-income nations, especially the United States and Western Europe, had been dominant, with a moderate yet growing cooperation at the international level. The keywords co-occurrence networks, density mapping, and overlay visualization revealed diet-health interaction, nutrigenomics, and human nutritional status as the key themes of research, whereas artificial intelligence and microbiome-based personalization and precision feeding in animals became emerging directions. Several correspondence analyses also showed the specific conceptual axes between molecular and omics-oriented research on the one hand and, on the other hand, applied and preventive nutrition areas. All the results point to parallel, but still not fully integrated processes of human and animal precision nutrition studies. The paper has provided a strategic overview of intellectual, thematic, and future directions of the field of precision nutrition, which offers a solid evidence base to guide interdisciplinary research, translational implementation, and policy formulation.

Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, has emerged as a transformative technology across various manufacturing sectors. It enables the fabrication of complex geometries, high-volume customization, significant material savings through layer-by-layer manufacturing methods, and the potential for the use of Eco-friendly materials. This technology offers significant freedom in the design and fabrication of complex geometric parts, with the potential to reduce costs in both prototyping and final product manufacturing, as well as reduce waste through the recycling of materials lost during manufacturing processes. Although its adoption in the ceramics industry has lagged that of polymers and metals, its unique capabilities in fabricating complex geometries of high-performance ceramics are receiving significant attention. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of AM technologies specifically designed for ceramic materials. It explores the underlying principles of various ceramic 3D printing processes, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages in producing high-density, defect-free components with customized properties. Furthermore, this paper examines the transformative impact of AM on ceramics in various structural and functional industrial applications, including aerospace, biomedicine, electronics, energy, and more. By bringing together the latest developments and addressing the inherent challenges associated with ceramic processing via additive manufacturing, this review highlights the tremendous potential of this technology to revolutionize conventional ceramic manufacturing and enable the production of advanced ceramic components with enhanced performance and functionality.

This study seeks to determine the impact that Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) has on the corporate sustainability using current evidence and literature developed by the academic community. It is inspired by the fact that, while organizations have implemented environment- conscious strategies geared towards ensuring that corporates play their role as responsible citizens especially in the war against global warming and environmental degradation, statistics depict an alarming rise in the volume of emissions and poor performance in other key indicators. Considering that EMA is one of the contemporary strategies organizations use to track operational performance and support responsible decision-making, this research seeks to answer the following questions. i. Does EMA impact sustainability in organizations operating within the high-impact industries such as petrochemical sector, Oil and Gas industry, and manufacturing industries? ii. What mechanisms does EMA use to influence the level of corporate sustainability in the organization? To answer the above questions, the research relied on secondary data documented in the existent literature. The results established a significant relationship between EMA and corporate sustainability and points to the fact that a myriad of external and organization-facing factors mediate this relationship.

Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) characterized by three nosological entities, autoimmune diseases, autoinflammatory diseases and inflammatory diseases of undetermined mechanism, share in common the inflammatory process but their clinical and biological expressions are extremely diverse. Epidemiological and clinical studies of IMIDs are mostly partial and non-exhaustive. Affections that constitute IMIDs are characterized by chronic inflammatory processes. All these affections are classified based on their immunogenetic, pathophysiological, and clinical profiles. It is well understood that similar therapeutic targets as well as prevention and treatment strategies can be developed for IMIDs with the same immunogenetic, pathophysiological, and clinical profiles. This work presents an immunogenetic, pathophysiological, and clinical classification, now especially integrating epidemiological data (rare <1/2000; common ≥1/2000). To achieve this, a literature review was also necessary to refine the classification by adding the epidemiological data (rare <1/2000; common ≥ 1/2000). This work highlights the comprehensive distribution of IMIDs through an immunogenetic, pathophysiological, and clinico-epidemiological classification.

The Santals are an ethnic tribal group who mostly inhabit the states of Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal, Odisha, Chatisgarh, and Assam. There is also a sizable Santal minority in neighboring Bangladesh and a small population in Nepal. Santals constitute the largest group among tribal communities. They belong to the Proto-Australoid race. The settlement of Medinipur known as Santal was first mentioned in Walter Hamilton's narrative (1820). He said that in the jungles lived an impoverished, oppressed class known as Santals. Some believe the term 'Santal' originated from 'Saont' or 'Samanta'. Once, an area of East Medinipur was known as 'Samantabhum' or 'Saont'. Most likely, they were the original inhabitants of this region. They also mentioned this place 'Sant Disham' or 'Sant Desh' in their mythology. 'Santal' means inhabitant of 'Sant Desh'. The Santal tribe of India have a traditional tribal lifestyle. Forest trees and flora serve the basic needs of Santal tribe.The tribes are also engaged in fishing and cultivation. Theys are also skilled in the production of musical instruments, mats, baskets, and other crafts.The Santal tribe is divided mainly into twelve sects viz. Soren, Murmu, Mandi, Kisku, Hansda, Besra, Tudu, Baske, Hembrom, Pauria, Bedea and Choral. Each sect has a totem symbol of its own. The traditional marriage system in Santal tribe is a religious practice as a goddess of happiness and heaven. In this paper we see the different kinds of rituals which are practiced by the Santal tribe from hundred and thousand years in their marriage and remarriage.

Background: Exam-related stress and anxiety are common occurrences among medical students, especially with changing curricular trends and assessment patterns. It leads to psychosomatic disturbances (Gastrointestinal disturbances, chronic pain disorders, substance abuse, drug overuse, depression, etc.) especially around exam periods. It lowers their academic performance and satisfaction levels, ultimately affecting the health care delivery in long run. Methodology: A pre-validated questionnaire was circulated among the exam-going students. Anonymous responses were solicitated to encourage honest responses. We used MS-Excel for quantitative analysis. Content and thematic analysis was done for qualitative responses. Results: Out of 205 responders, there were 88 and 117 students from 3rd and 4th MBBS year respectively. About 56% of students perceived moderate-to-significant exam-related stress. Apart from exams in general, most were apprehensive about practical exam performance and faculty expectations. Only about 42% were satisfied with their level/efforts of study against the academic workload. Common themes for causation were time management, concentration challenges, lack of guidance/support, and ineffective study techniques. Vast majority had sleep disturbances and about 60% had somatic disturbances. Students had a strong preference for informal and emotion-based coping. Conclusion: Exam-related stress in multifactorial and needs to be addressed appropriately. Implementing structured study schedules and time management techniques could alleviate some of the stress. Encouraging active learning methods, such as spaced repetition and active recall, might enhance retention.

This paper underscores the crucial role of heritage awareness in the ongoing struggle for liberation and social affirmation of African American communities. It critically examines the correlation between black cultural and spatial memory and the fight for social equality in Dolen Perkins-Valdez’s work Happy Land, illustrating how heritage awareness and preservation function as foundations for identity, resistance, and social dignity. Through the novel, it tries to make the case on how memory and heritage empower resistance and can empower the ongoing pursuit of equality for African Americans. The study also observes that dominant groups often shape historical narratives to their advantage, marginalizing minorities and depriving the latter of the benefits embedded in their own history. Thus, passing down black heritage through storytelling empowers marginalized African Americans communities to reclaim and preserve their ancestral legacy and assert their claim to collective ownership of the American land. Through a psychoanalytic lens, the study explores how the affirmation of heritage not only fosters a sense of belonging and entitlement but also restores dignity to African Americans.

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) and wound complications continue to constitute one of the most significant causes of morbidity after pediatric cardiac surgery. New prevention methods, standard care bundles, and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) have been developed to enhance postoperative outcomes. Purpose: This systematic review article aims to determine evidence published over the past 10 years on wound management strategies after cardiac surgery in children, including their prevention, treatment, and outcomes. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published between January 2016 and March 2025. Articles that focused on wound prevention, surgical site infections, sternal wound care, or NPWT in children's cardiac surgery were incorporated. Results: Fifteen studies involving over 3,000 pediatric cardiac surgery patients were included. Implementation of standardized prevention bundles resulted in a 30–70% reduction in SSI rates, while NPWT achieved wound closure success exceeding 85% in cases of deep sternal wound infection and mediastinitis. Conclusion: Standardized cardiac pediatric wound management interventions based on prevention bundles and early administration of advanced wound therapies are most likely to be effective following pediatric cardiac surgery. The strategies play a crucial role in minimizing morbidity and enhancing recovery among pediatric patients.

Background: Forward Head Posture (FHP) is highly prevalent among working adults, particularly in desk-based occupations, and is associated with neck pain, disability, and musculoskeletal dysfunction. Various interventions, including exercise protocols, ergonomic modifications, and digital feedback training, have been proposed to correct FHP, but a synthesized review of their effectiveness is limited. Objective: To systematically review and summarize the evidence on the effectiveness of interventions for FHP in working adults, focusing on improvements in posture angles, neck pain, and disability. Methods: Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and intervention studies published between 2021 to 2025, targeting working adults with FHP. Key outcomes included craniovertebral angle (CVA), neck pain (VAS/NPRS), and neck disability index (NDI). Study characteristics, interventions, outcomes, and findings were extracted and tabulated. Results: Nine studies met inclusion criteria, involving interventions such as scapular stabilization exercises, cervical and thoracic strengthening, postural education, and digital biofeedback. Most studies reported significant improvements in CVA, reduction in neck pain, and improved NDI scores, with combined exercise and ergonomic interventions showing the greatest effect. Conclusion: Exercise-based interventions, particularly those incorporating scapular and thoracic strengthening, are effective in improving posture and reducing neck pain and disability in working adults. Integration of ergonomic modifications and digital feedback enhances outcomes. Future studies should include long-term follow-up and standardized protocols for workplace-based interventions.

Introduction: The fibula is an important long bone of the leg that contributes to ankle stability, weight transmission, and serves as a preferred donor site for bone grafting. Knowledge of its morphometry and nutrient foramen characteristics is essential for orthopedic, reconstructive, and vascular procedures. Aim of the research was to study the morphology, morphometry, and position of nutrient foramina of the fibula in an Indian population. A descriptive osteometric study was conducted on 50 dried adult human fibulae, comprising 25 right- and 25 left-sided bones. Measurements of fibular length and articular facet dimensions were recorded using a digital Vernier caliper and osteometric board. Nutrient foramina were identified using a magnifying lens and their positions were classified according to the upper, middle, and lower thirds of the shaft. Result: The mean fibular length was slightly higher on the right side (34.52 ± 1.34 cm) compared to the left (34.24 ± 1.42 cm), with no statistically significant side-to-side difference (p > 0.05). Measurements of superior and inferior articular facets also showed no significant bilateral variation. A total of 47 nutrient foramina were identified, with the majority (78.7%) located in the middle one-third of the fibular shaft. Conclusion: The study demonstrates bilateral symmetry in fibular morphometry and a predominant localization of nutrient foramina in the middle third of the shaft. These findings provide useful baseline anatomical data relevant to orthopedic surgery, bone grafting, and forensic applications.

Aluminum and its alloys are widely used in industries due to their favorable mechanical properties, low density, and natural passivation. However, they remain susceptible to corrosion in acidic environments, necessitating effective and environmentally friendly inhibition strategies. In this study, the corrosion inhibition behavior of two phenolic acid derivatives, vanillic acid (VA) and isovanillic acid (ISVA), on aluminum was investigated using a combined density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approach. DFT calculations revealed that VA exhibits a higher HOMO energy, smaller energy gap, greater global softness, and larger fraction of electrons transferred compared to ISVA, indicating stronger electron-donating ability, higher chemical reactivity, and enhanced adsorption propensity. Fukui function analysis identified oxygen atoms in hydroxyl and carboxyl groups as primary reactive sites, with O (4), O (8), O (11), and O (12) in VA and O (11) in ISVA, highlighting the crucial role of oxygen-containing functional groups in adsorption. MD simulations confirmed strong adsorption of both inhibitors on the Al (111) surface, with adsorption energies of -0.692 eV (VA) and -0.706 eV (ISVA), and revealed favorable molecular orientation, surface coverage, and hydrogen bonding interactions stabilizing the protective layer. Integrating DFT and MD results, VA was identified as the more effective corrosion inhibitor due to its higher reactivity, multiple active adsorption sites, and stronger electron-donating capability. This study provides molecular-level insights into corrosion inhibition mechanisms and supports the rational design of environmentally friendly inhibitors for aluminum in acidic media.

The generative artificial intelligence is altering the way visual content is created, distributed, and consumed in marketing, design and creative practices. Since digital environments are inundated with visual content, businesses are turning to AI systems to accelerate the production, customize the experience, as well as experiment with new appearances. The paper will examine the impact of generative AI on visual communication, creativity, authorship, and design work. The current research and the trends of the industry indicate that creativity is no longer a purely human endeavor, but rather a combination of human and AI work. Although AI can be used to generate ideas quickly, with high scale of variation, and adaptive visual strategy, authenticity, cultural resonance, and ethical accountability of the work remain the domain of humans. This paper creates a conceptual framework to understand this new landscape, identifies its implications on visual marketing, and suggests viable ways of action when a company wants to adopt generative systems effectively. It concludes with identifying key limitations and outlining a future research agenda on the topic of human-AI creative ecosystems.