Concrete is used more than water worldwide. The need for Conventional concrete rises in tandem with the demand for concrete as a building material. According to estimates, cement production rose from 1.5 billion tons in 1995 to 4.5 billion tons in 2020. Finding a substitute for Cement concrete, whose production uses the most resources, is therefore inevitable. Researchers have been inspired to create an alternative binder paste to totally replace cement paste by the use of supplemental cementing ingredients such fly ash, silica fume, granulated blast furnace slag, and rice-husk ash. These inorganic amorphous binders will chemically react to form geo polymer concrete, a cutting-edge building material. We use additional cementitious materials in this that react with alkaline activators to create an Al-O-Si-O gel that has a comparable bonding strength to C-S-H gel. Because geopolymer concrete is already somewhat brittle, increasing its flexural and tensile strength is necessary. There are fibres included. In this study, the mechanical properties of geopolymer [M50] concrete with steel fibres were examined by curing it in an ambient condition.

Ovotesticular disorder of sex development (DSD) refers to the co-presence of testicular and ovarian tissue in one individual. Here we report a case of Ovotesticular Disorder of Sex Development in a 42 years old male, presented with abdominal mass and undescended testes who had a normal karyotype. Gonadal dysgenesis should always be kept a possibility in patient with undescended testis. Diagnosis relies on clinical findings, hormonal analysis, gonadal histology, chromosome analysis, and genetic testing.

Background: Hypertension is a non-communicable disease which is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence has been documented to be highest in Africa where 46% of the world’s population with hypertension reportedly resides. There is a global concern that hypertension in teenagers and young adults are on the increase and cases are not detected because of inadequate screening in this age group. Objective: To determine the prevalence of hypertension among undergraduates in Rivers State. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Rivers State. The subjects were recruited from University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State University and Ignatius Ajuru University which are the three major tertiary institutions in Rivers State and their ages ranged between 16 and 35 years. Data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results: A total of 1096 respondents were recruited for the study, there were 570 (52%) males and 526 (48%) females. Sixteen (1.5%) of them were married while 1080 (98.5%) were single. The prevalence of hypertension among the respondents was 21%. Adding salt to meal before eating and noodles consumption were significantly associated with hypertension. Other risk factors which included smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity, family history of hypertension and/or CVD and use of social drugs were not significantly associated with increased prevalence of hypertension. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension was high in this study there was a significant association between hypertension and risk factors such as salt intake and noodles consumption. Health practitioners should enlighten the public on the presence of hypertension in young people. There is also need to create awareness of hypertension even in young adults and promote early lifestyle changes.

The purpose of this study is to examine the weaknesses that arise as a result of IPR as joint property that is not regulated in the legislation regarding IPR and develop IPR as joint property and how to distribute it in case of divorce based on justice value. The method used in this research is socio-legal (Socio-legal Research) which uses primary data and secondary data. Meanwhile, the technique of collecting data is through library research and field studies, and Analytical descriptive data analysis. The results of this study indicate that the IPR legislation in Indonesia does not regulate IPR as joint property because it is heavily influenced by the TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) agreement, none of which mentions IPR as joint property. As a result, it creates weaknesses, including the positive law of IPR that is unable to answer and provide solutions to the problems of joint property that arise in Indonesian society, making it difficult for law enforcers to make decisions on issues of joint property in the form of IPR, the disparity in decisions by one law enforcer with others, and community rights related to IPR as joint property are not fully obtained by the community. This research also proposes legal reconstruction in the form of a new legal norm/rule, that the economic value derived from all types of IPR including Copyrights, Patents, Trademarks, and Geographical Indications, Trade Secrets, Industrial Designs, Plant Variety Protection, and Layout Designs of Integrated Circuits registered during marriage to become a joint property of husband and wife as long as it is not stipulated otherwise in the marriage agreement and the distribution after the breakup of marriage each gets half as long as husband and wife carry out their responsibilities, obligations, and duties properly in the household, if husband and wife are not / less able to carry out their responsibilities, obligations, and duties well in the household, then the distribution is in accordance with the size of their contribution in the household and the process of creating/discovering IPR. The results of the distribution of joint assets either in a decision or an agreement in front of an authorized official must be recorded at the Directorate General of Intellectual Property Rights because the transfer of IPR Economic Rights will only result in legal consequences for third parties after being registered at the Directorate General of Intellectual Property Rights.

Objective: To estimate prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress and its association with socio-demographic characteristics among patients, waiting prior to elective coronary angiography. Methodology: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD). A total of 349 adult patients, waiting for elective angiography were part of this study. DASS-21(Depression, Anxiety, Stress scale-21) was used to assess depression, anxiety and stress among study participants. Data were by using SPSS version 21.0. Chi-square test was performed to estimate the association of demographics characteristics with stress, anxiety and depression. Conclusion: This study concludes that depression and anxiety were significantly associated with educational level and monthly income. Furthermore, stress level was significantly associated with only educational level of the study participants.

This study aims to criticize the legal construction of multi-stakeholder unions which are not in line with the principles of Pancasila justice. From this critical study, new theories/ideas were generated regarding the system and arrangement of multi-stakeholder unions that are just Pancasila through the reconstruction of Ministerial Regulation no. 08 of 2021 concerning Unions with a Multi-Stakeholder Model using a constructivism paradigm with a normative juridical approach. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. This study uses 4 problem approaches, namely the statute approach, the historical case approach, the comparative approach to law, and the conceptual approach. The legal materials used in this research are primary legal materials and secondary legal materials with data collection methods through library research. Data analysis in this study used qualitative analysis. The results show that the legal construction of multi-stakeholder unions in Indonesia is not in line with the values and principles of Pancasila justice as There is a principle discrepancy between the substance or legal norms of the Regulation of the Minister of Union and Small and Micro Enterprises (PERMENKUKM) no. 08/2021 with the principle of kinship in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, there is also conflicting legal substances or norms between the lower regulation (PERMENKUKM No. 08/2021) and the higher regulation (Law No. 25/1992 and the Job Creation Law). Then, The existence of material content or legal norms PERMENKUKM No. 08/2021 which exceeds the material limit of a ministerial regulation regulated in Law No. 12/2011 and Law no. 15/2019. Based on this, it is necessary to reconstruct a number of norms in Ministerial Regulation no. 08 of 2021 concerning Unions with a Multi-Stakeholder Model, reconstruction of legal structures or institutions is needed in the form of increasing the ability and understanding of the Ministry of Unions and Small and Medium Enterprises towards Unions and reconstruction of legal culture in the community and union managers.

The purposes of this study are to analyze and find the weaknesses of the Law on Narcotics Abuser in Indonesia Currently and How is the Reconstruction of the Law on Narcotics Abuser based on Benefit Value in a research that uses an Normative-juridical approach where The data collection method used is sourced from secondary data and primary data which was carried out using qualitative analysis methods. The results of the study show that the Weaknesses of the law on narcotics abuser are in the list of the grade of the narcotics contained in the narcotics law that are not up to date as some of the narcotics in the list have been removed in various countries such as Cannabis. This problem not only causes Cannabis Abuser Prisoned although their position should be as “victim” but also one of the factors that causes Overcrowding in Prison in Indonesia. The reconstruction as intended by the author are not in the form of substantial law reconstruction but rather a structural law reconstruction where the Narcotics Law Article 8 (2) which states that In limited quantities, Narcotics Category I can be used for scientific development purposes knowledge and technology and for diagnostic reagents, as well as laboratory reagents after obtaining Minister's approval on the recommendation of the Head of the Agency Food and Drug Supervisor need to be upheld higher and if necessary to add an extra paragraph in the law to appoint the ministry of health together with National Narcotics Bodies to create a Joint Research Bodies that are obliged to conduct research related to the use of narcotics. By using this approach, not only the law’s narcotics list of grade can be justified and are up to date, the overcrowding problem in the prison can be minimized.

This research was carried out to examine the relationship between selected physical fitness characteristics and shooting accuracy among high school basketball players in the Cape Coast Metropolis. Preliminary investigation revealed that the shooting accuracy of basketball players in the metropolis was not good compared to the standards set for players of their age category. Forty (40) basketball players comprising twenty (20) male and twenty (20) female, male with a mean age of 17.15, weight of 73.20, height of 1.79, and female also with a mean age of 17.15, a weight of 68.65 and height of 1.64 were randomly sampled and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups, respectively. The experimental group was taken through drills to improve on selected fitness variables while the control group went through a mini-clinic on passing and dribbling. The mini-clinic was used to occupy the control group for the period of training at a different venue as the experimental group went through specific drills intended to improve on selected physical fitness characteristics which were used as the bases for assessing improvement in shooting accuracy. Because the mini-clinic focused on passing and dribbling, it did not have any influence on their shooting hence difference was identified. Physical fitness tests were conducted using standardized tests; agility was tested with the Illinois agility test, balance with the flamingo test, coordination with the alternate hand wall toss test, power (upper body) was tested with the seated medicine ball toss test, power (lower body) with the standing broad jump, reaction time with the ruler test, and speed with the 40m dash. For shooting accuracy, the researchers adapted the tests used by Pojsic, Separovic, and Uzicanin which are static free throw, dynamic free throw, static two points, and dynamic two points. A dependent sample t-test and Pearson’s correlation were used for analysis. Overall results showed no statistically significant difference between the experimental and control group for both sexes for the physical fitness and shooting accuracy tests at the pretest but at the posttest, there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups. There was also a strong positive relationship between physical fitness and shooting accuracy among high school basketball players in the Cape Coast metropolis. The problem of shooting accuracy among high school basketball players in Cape Coast metropolis can be improved with a planned programme to improve on their selected game-related physical fitness variables.

Death and dying is a very interesting topic to study. It has however attracted very little historical, socio- cultural and anthropological interrogations. Among the pristine Bukusu people of Western Kenya, death was accorded numerous socio-cultural rituals that constituted coded meanings which may have only been understood in the realms of religion. This paper thus attempted an examination on how traditional religion was a key determinant in conducting death rituals in the precolonial setup of the Bukusu community that was devoid foreign cultural influence. The findings in this paper were however extracted from a Doctor of Philosophy Degree (History) thesis which will be submitted to Graduate School of Laikipia University by February 2023. The broader objective of the thesis has interrogated mortuary and funerary rituals of the Babukusu of Kenya from 1895 to 2010. Being a historical research, relevant information in the study was collected in the field through extensive Oral Interviews (abbreviated as O.I in the footnotes) which was corroborated with other secondary sources to ascertain the relevance of the information.

The Metamorphosis is a novella written by Franz Kafka. This novel tells about a young man named Gregor Samsa who has experienced alienation. This research aims to understand the effects of alienation experienced by Gregor Samsa as a major character in The Metamorphosis. Erich Fromm's theory about three mechanisms of escape is used to analyse the effort of Gregor Samsa in solving his psychological problem of alienation. Modern man usually uses three mechanisms of escape by Erich Fromm to reduce the feeling of fear and isolation of burdened freedom when they want to be free. This research uses qualitative research in which the data are in the form of words and sentences in this novella. This study applies the documentary method as the technique of data collection. The data can be taken from various sources, such as documents, books, and journals. This research shows that Gregor Samsa’s alienation has influenced his entire life, family, and society.

Background: COVID -19 has wide range of presentation, from asymptomatic infection to severe viral pneumonia and death. D-dimer >1μg/ml is one of the risk factors for mortality. CT chest plays an important role in early detection and monitoring of disease. Objectives: 1. To compare D-dimer value and CT chest findings in Covid-19 patients. 2. To study platelet count, PT, aPTT and CRP in Covid-19 patients. Methodology: RT-PCR confirmed Covid- 19 patients admitted in hospital investigated with D-dimer and CT chest were included in the study. Case details retrieved from medical records. Venous blood collected and plasma processed in coagulation analyser for PT, aPTT, INR and D-dimer. Platelet count was performed using auto analyser. CT findings were retrieved from radiology software (PACS). Statistical tests used were mean, percentage and Fisher’s exact test (SPSS Version 20). Results: During study period of January-June 2021, 38 patients were included. Mean age was 51.1±15.6 years and M:F ratio 2.8:1. 65.8% patients had comorbidities (25/38). D-dimer elevated in 60.5% (23/38) patients. CT showed 10.53%, 28.94%, 60.53% of patients had affected lungs of <15%, 15%-49% and ≥50% of the total area and showed significant association with D- dimer (P=0.018). 17.4% (4/23) patients with elevated D-dimer did not survive. 15.8% (6/38) patients had low platelet, 23.7% (9/38) had abnormal PT, 70.3% had abnormal aPTT and 89.5% (34/38) had elevated CRP. There was no significant correlation between platelet, PT, aPTT, CRP and D-dimer. Conclusion: D-Dimer is elevated in COVID -19 patients and shows significant association with lung involvement and can be used as prognostic marker.

Introduction: Bacteria that enter the bloodstream and mobile to the brain cord cause bacterial meningitis. The disease is less frequent in developed countries compared to developing countries. In Bangladesh, bacterial meningitis constitutes 25% and the case fatality rate was 14%. The mortality from meningitis is near 100% in untreated individuals and can still be up to 40% in children who received appropriate antibiotic therapy in developing countries. Aim of the Study: The study aims to investigate the specificity, sensitivity, and diagnostic accuracy of CSF-CRP in the diagnosis of Acute Bacterial Meningitis (ABM). Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Pediatric Medicine, Dhaka Shishu Hospital (DSH), from 01 Jan-2017 to 30 Jun-2017. A total of 100 patients were enrolled in this study following the inclusive criteria. Data were collected using the predesigned semi-structured questionnaire. Verbal consent was taken before recruiting the study population. Completed data forms were reviewed, edited, and processed for computer data entry. Result: Among the study population majority of patients (43, 43.0%) were 0-2 years old. One-third of bacterial meningitis (35,35.0%) occurs commonly at an early age (0-2 years). Out of fifty- seven cases (n=57) of bacterial meningitis, twenty-two cases were culture negative and thirty-five cases were culture positive. In the case of bacterial meningitis, in fifty-one cases (51,89.4%) out of fifty-seven, the CSF CRP test was truly positive, with mean±SD 21.7±10.9, false negative were only six cases (6, 10.5%). In aseptic meningitis thirty-nine cases (39,90.6%) out of forty-three cases, the CSF-CRP test was truly negative, and false positive were four cases (4,9.3%). The sensitivity of CSF CRP in differentiating bacterial meningitis from aseptic meningitis was 89.47%, specificity 90.69%, & diagnostic accuracy was 90%. Conclusion: Bacterial meningitis is fatal and more communal in children under one year of age to sixteen years of age. Increased consciousness and initial gratitude and apposite antibiotic treatment can decrease morbidity and mortality. Diagnostic accuracy can be applied as the initial test for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.

Background: Fractures of the tibial plateau, which are intra-articular injuries of the knee joint, are often difficult to treat and have a high complication rate, including early-onset osteoarthritis. Various treatment options including proximal tibial plating with locking compression plates are available for the treatment of tibial plateau fracture. Objective: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the functional outcome of tibial plateau fractures treated with locking compression plating; a technique found to effectively reduce post-operative co-morbidities. Material and Methods: This prospective and observational study was carried out in Multicentral base with Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rajshahi Medical College, Rajshahi, Bangladesh from January 2020 to June 2022. All patients (n=256) enrolled in the study for the study were included and treated with a locking compression plate for tibial plateau fractures (Schatzker III-VI) after receiving informed written permission. Patients were monitored continuously with clinically, radiographically, and functionally at 6-weeks and 3-6 Month, fellow-up after surgery. Results: In our study of 256 cases, the mean age was 37.77 ±15.65 years. Most of the cases were Schatzker type VI (161 patients) 63% and type III (89 patients) 35%. The average duration for fractures union was 23.4 ±2.1 weeks. Superficial wound infection was the common complication seen in (6 patient) 2% cases. At six months, the mean knee society score (KSS) was 85 ±7.22 and majority of patients (245 patients) 95% had good results. Conclusion: The radiological and functional outcome of a locking compression plate is quite excellent. Tibial plateau fractures in adults can be effectively treated with this implant.

Background/Purpose: Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia, with disturbance of carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism, resulting from a defect in insulin secretion and/or action. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimated in 2017 that 425 million people were living with diabetes worldwide. It is estimated that by 2045, 629 million adults will have diabetes. In Cameroon, a prevalence of 5.59% was recorded in 2018, regardless of gender [1]. In the Department of Dja and Lobo, an ethnopharmacological study was set up to identify and characterize the medicinal flower used in the management of metabolic syndrome. Material and methods: Surveys were conducted among 135 people. Data on medicinal recipes used in the management of diabetes, hypertension and obesity were collected according to a standardized framework. The plant samples mentioned were collected and identified at the National Herbarium of Cameroon and characterized. Phytochemical screening was performed on each species. Results: A total of 135 natives from six different villages were interviewed about plants used in the management of metabolic syndrome in the Department of Dja and Lobo. The study identified 85 species in 49 families. The fabaceae, asteraceae and flacourthiaceae families each had at least five species cited by the stakeholders who participated in our investigation. The medicinal plants inventoried totaled 7 biological types. In total 41 species were involved in the treatment of diabetes. The most used preparation methods were decoction and trituration. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, Phenols, Polyphenols, Tannins, Saponins in almost all the extracts collected. Anthocyanins were extremely abundant in almost all extracts. Conclusion: The results obtained constitute a very valuable source of information for the region studied. The valorization of these plants and the determination of the health profile of the local populations of the Dja and Lobo department requires the establishment of modern processing units specialised in the manufacture of medicines.

Nanotechnology is widely used for the manufacturing of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells. Applications of solar technology are based in two forms; lithium-ion and lead-acid. These cells and batteries have the capacity to store a large amount of energy longer than other ordinary batteries. The mechanism for manufacturing solar cells usually arises from the combinations of layers of single-molecule thick sheets of graphene and molybdenum diselenide. In this fact, one of common example is the fine coating of graphene with zinc oxide nanowires. Solar based cells are incorporated into the modified forms for increasing their synthetic applications. These modified forms are copper indium selenide sulfide quantum dots. Perovskite solar cells are dominating in the scientific community due to their advantages and cheap sources of solar energy. These perovskite solar cells are also composed of different metals and other combinations in order to make them functional for different purposes. The most widely implemented metals are germanium, antimony, titanium and barium. Tin (Sn)-based perovskites allow the movement of ions and electrons and significantly in the surrounding environment. There is also need in the future for valuable and mechanical designing for nanotechnolgy and their usage in industrial and commercial applications.