The aim was to carry out an epidemioclinical and therapeutic study of fractures of the penis at the Csréf in Markala. Patients and methods: This is a retrospective prospective descriptive study of 13 cases of fracture of the penis during four years at the Csréf of Markala from 01 January 2019 to 01 January 2023. All patients who had a treated penis fracture were included in our study. All patients who had other forms of trauma to the penis other than a penis fracture were excluded. Results: The frequency of fracture of the penis was 14.8% compared to other urological injuries. The average age of our patients was 36.30 years with extremes ranging from 25 to 54 years. 53.8% of our patients were single. The average consultation time was 14.8 hours, with extremes ranging from 3 hours to 47 hours. The approach was longitudinal in some cases and in other cases a circumferential incision or at the level of the balano preputial fold. The most frequent complications were penis bending, with 15.5% (2 patients), urethral fistula was observed in one patient (7.7%), and we also noted cases of fibrosis of the erectile bodies (23.1%). Conclusion: The fracture of the penis is a real uro-andrological emergency, and the treatment must be rapid and effective in order to avoid irreversible after-effects, which may even lead to erectile dysfunction or urethral stricture in these patients. The approach must be appropriate in order to prevent short, medium and late complications.

Road traffic accidents are the second cause of mortality between 30 and 40 years worldwide. They are 1,2 million injured or disabled person. It was a prospective and descriptive study of 223 cases of road accidents, occurring from 01 January to 31 December 2020 and consulted at the CSREF of FANA, of which. Objective was to study the trauma caused by the public road accidents at the FANA reference health center. Results: During our study period we have completed 13471 Curative consultations, 6130 Emergency Home Consultations, 45.5% of which 223 AVP cases are 3.64%. The frequency of road accidents in the FANA CSREF is 3.64%. The average age observed in our sample was 27.51 ± 15.57 with extremes ranging from 4 to 70 years. A male predominance, 72.6% and a 2.65 ratio sex. The most represented socioprofessional layer is students and students with 34.5% case. The wound lesion is the most observed 63.2%. Cases of type ski-type accident accounted for 36, 8% of the cases. Conclusion: traffic accidents nowadays constitute a growing threat of precious losses in human life and disabilities for our populations, which constitutes a potential waste human resources and economic growth.

Background: Dry eye is a multifactorial pathology caused by a progressive dysfunction of the lacrimal and Meibomian glands which often leads to reduced aqueous tear production and increased tear evaporation. All these disorders are associated with ocular discomfort such as watering and redness of the eyes resulting from irritation of the ocular surface particularly the cornea. Dry eye is identified as one of the complications of diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is a systemic risk factor for dry eye disease. Objective: To determine the prevalence of dry eye disease in diabetics compared to non-diabetics at National Eye Centre Kaduna. Methods: This study is a comparative cross-sectional study. The study population comprised of types 1 and 2 diabetic patients who are 18years and above attending National Eye Centre Kaduna and non-diabetics age and sex matched subjects. The ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire was used to subjectively identify subjects with DED. All participants underwent Schirmer’s test and a Tear break-up time to objectively make a diagnosis of DED. Results: A total of 200 participants were assessed in this study. Their ages ranged from 32-74 years (mean 53.2±9.7). Respondents within the age range of 56-65 years had higher frequency of dry eye disease (DED) 43.5%. More females had DED 61.35%. Those with secondary educational status had the highest frequency of DED 40.3%. Diabetic subjects within the age range of 56-65 years old had higher frequency of DED 88.6%. Females have higher rates of DED 80.8%, as against 61.8% among males’ non-Diabetic subjects. Subjects with secondary educational status had the highest frequency of DED 87.5% in diabetic subjects while 71% in non-diabetic. The housewives had the highest percentage of DED 89.5% in diabetic subjects while 95% in non-diabetic subjects. The result further revealed the prevalence of 76% among diabetic patients while prevalence of 48% for non-diabetic patients. A significant positive correlation between subjective assessment and objective clinical tests. Conclusion: Patients with diabetes have a higher prevalence of DED than non-diabetic population in National Eye Centre, Kaduna. Women were found to have a higher prevalence. There was a significant association between DED and duration diabetes. There is a correlation between objective clinical tests and subjective assessment in both diabetic and non-diabetic population.

A glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is an uncommon jawbone cyst of odontogenic origin with characteristic histological findings of a lined epithelium that contains mucous cells, ciliated cells, and intraepithelial gland-like structures. We herein report a case of GOC arising in the upper left back tooth region in a 31-year-old female patient. An IOPA radiograph revealed a well-defined unilocular radiolucent area extending from the distal aspect of the root of left first molar to the distal aspect of third molar on the same side. The patient was treated by extraction of 26, 27 & 28 followed by enucleation of the cystic lesion. The surgical specimen was histologically examined and diagnosed as a GOC.

Marriages carried out between husband and wife, sometimes cannot run as the purpose of marriage. If it cannot be maintained, then the path taken is divorce. In Article 19 Paragraph (4) states that the reason that can be used in filing for divorce is that one party commits cruelty or severe abuse that endangers the other party which is also a form of domestic violence and can be the cause of disputes and conflicts that occur in the household. Acts of domestic violence are not limited to physical violence in the form of abuse such as: slapping, hitting, kicking and even killing. As for the form of persecution that is psychological or psychological violence. Research Objectives: To analyze what are the current weaknesses in the Regulation on Reasons for Filing Divorce Due to Domestic Violence; To find out how to reconstruct the Law on Reasons for Filing Divorce Due to Domestic Violence based on justice. The research method uses the Constructivism Paradigm with non-doctrinal legal research with an empirical juridical approach. The study results show that (1) Weaknesses in the Regulation on Reasons for Filing for Divorce Due to Domestic Violence. Weaknesses in a legal substance: Elucidation of Article 39 Paragraph (2) of the Marriage Law and Article 19 letter d of Government Regulation 9 of 1975 only provides rules for physical violence. Weaknesses in the legal structure: The weak mentality of law enforcement officials results in law enforcement not working as it should. Weaknesses in legal culture: Domestic violence is a problem that is closely related to gender bias which is common in patriarchal societies. (2) Reconstruction of Regulations on Reasons for Filing Divorce Due to Acts of Domestic Violence. The formulations in Article 39 Paragraph (2) and the Explanatory Articles of the Marriage Law do not contain forms other than physical violence, such as psychological violence and sexual violence.

Adnexal torsion is a spontaneous rotation of the ovary and sometimes the fallopian tube around its axis which can interfere with arterial supply and lead to ischemia It is a rare complication of an ovarian cyst, which can occur at any age, from the fetal period to adulthood. The mature cystic teratoma accounts for 20% of all ovarian tumors and is seen especially in young girls and therefore is most often benign. It's a surgical emergency. We report here two cases of adnexal torsion operated at the level of the pediatric surgery unit of the Hospital of Mali The two girls are 14 and 13 years old, nulligest and normoregulated with recurrent abdominal pain admitted for acute pelvic pain. On palpation, an abdomino-pelvic mass of a firm and painful consistency is noted. An abdominopelvic ultrasound was performed in both cases and revealed torsion of the left adnexa on the left ovarian cyst in the first and on the right in the second. The surgical procedure performed was manual detorsion and cystectomy in both cases. The anatomopathological examination concluded with a dermoid cyst In the two girls and their postoperative course was simple.

This research is motivated by the regulation of criminal sanctions against criminal acts of sexual violence based on the value of sexual justice based on the value of customary justice in Nias. Indonesia based on Article 18B of the Constitution of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia recognizes and respects customary law units along with their traditional rights as long as they are still alive and by the development of society and the principles of the unitary state of the Republic. Indonesia, for this reason, in cases of criminal acts of sexual violence that occurred in Nias, justice must also be paid attention to, which originates from Nias customary law. This study aims to analyze and find the main points of regulation of criminal sanctions against crimes of sexual violence, which originate from the value of sexual justice on Nias customary justice values. This research is normative juridical research with statutory and conceptual approaches. The results of this study indicate the current weaknesses in the regulation of criminal acts of sexual violence, so it is necessary to update them. In addition, it cannot also let go of the role of society and culture in this matter. These two things play a role in shaping the public's view of cases of sexual violence. Reconstruction of regulations on sanctions for crimes of sexual violence stems from the justice values of Pancasila concerning customary law in Nias.

Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome (MRS) is defined by the triad of labial edema, peripheral facial paralysis, and plicated tongue. It is a complex entity with clinical polymorphism and unknown etiopathogenesis. A better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms would improve the management of these patients, who often present with significant aesthetic damage. We report a rare case of this syndrome with a plicated tongue and sequellar lagophthalmos.

Avicennia marina is a commonly found mangrove species in coastal regions, and is known for its medicinal properties. In this study, the antibacterial and antifungal activities of ethanolic extract of Avicennia marina leaves were evaluated against MDR microorganisms. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was assessed against a range of bacterial strains, including Salmonella sp. (MDR), Klebsiella sp. (MDR), Pseudomonas sp. (MDR), Acinetobacter sp. (MDR), Staphylococcus aureus as well as the fungal strain Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Candida parapsilosis (ATCC 22019). The results showed that the leaf extracts of Avicennia marina exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against all tested MDR microorganisms. The phytochemical content of the plant includes many bioactive compounds - flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids, which may be responsible for the observed antimicrobial activities. These findings suggest that Avicennia marina may be a potential source of natural antimicrobial agents, which could be used to develop new drugs for the treatment of resistant bacterial and fungal infections. Further studies are needed to identify and isolate the active compounds responsible for the observed activity and to evaluate their efficacy and safety in vivo.

To achieve a more appealing smile, an orthodontic technique known as Invisalign might be utilised. Invisalign procedures may be beneficial if you have an overbite, crossbite, or deepbite. Transparent plastic aligner trays are used to gradually straighten the teeth during the operation. Patients may maintain their oral health and wellbeing by simply removing the trays, without having to worry about brackets and wires that may make it difficult. The primary goal of this study is to evaluate previous studies and review all available evidence on how Invisalign can treat deep bites. The comprehensive search will use Medline, PubMed Central, Embase, and other databases. The literature review is completed in English with the goal of reviewing the material that describes how Invisalign can treat deep bites. In recent years, the importance of appearance in personal and professional lives has spurred significant interest in orthodontic treatment among adults. The transparency of the Invisalign appliance boosts its visual appeal for mature patients who are hesitant using conventional labial fixed braces.

Described since the 15th century by Ambroise Paré, adult hydrocele is an abnormal collection of serous fluid in the space between the parietal and visceral layers of the tunica vaginalis It is generally a lesion acquired by attack of the integrity of the vagina, unlike the hydrocele of the child due to the persistence of the peritoneal-vaginal canal. Purpose: To study the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of hydrocele in the reference health center of Fana. Methodology: A descriptive prospective study, conducted from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020 of the CSRéf of Fana. Results: We collected 66 cases of hydroceles be 16.8% of surgical activities. The average age of disease was 49.27 ± 4 years. The age of 60 to 74 was the most represented with a frequency of 39.4%; Harming during physical activities has been the most common reason for consultation and accounted for 51%. The hydrocele was idiopathic in the majority of our patients in our study, or 65%. The nature of the vaginal fluid was yellow citrin in the majority of patients or 90.9%. Hernie was the most frequently associated pathology with the hydrocele (11 out of 26) or 42%. The Bergman technique was used in 77% of patients and closing the peritoneo-vaginal canal in 23%. Morbidity was 4.5% (3 cases) with hematoma type and 1.5% (1 case) with type of infection. The mortality rate has been zero. Conclusion: Vaginal hydrocele is a pathology that remains frequent in tropical regions. Surgical treatment by total vaginal resection with hemostatic overlock gives good results. Its morbidity is low, dominated by intrascrotal hematoma and infection of the surgical site which are generally well controlled by rigorous care.

Complexities of root canal system necessitate the use of irrigation along with their activation to achieve complete cleaning. Common methods include sonic and ultrasonic activation of the irrigants. A newer rotary file system, XP-Endofinisher has the advantage of elliptical movement resulting in efficient cleaning. 24 single canalled maxillary anterior teeth were selected and divided into 3 groups, Group 1- XP (n=12), Group 2- PUI (n=12), Group 3 – Endoactivator (n=12). All samples were prepared with Protaper Universal files and irrigated with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite & 17% EDTA. In Group 1- XP-Endofinisher at 800rpm for 1 min; Group 2- i-SuperTip in EMS scaler for 1 min; Group 3- Endoactivator for 1 min. Specimens were filled with Cerafill and then sectioned horizontally with a water-cooled diamond saw at depths of 4, 7 and 10mm to produce 1mm slices. POBS was performed, bond strength in MPa was obtained after dividing the load at failure by the area of the bonded interface. POBS of Cerafill to root dentin of Group 1 was significantly more than that of Group 2 and 3 (p≤0.05) at all three levels. Group 2 was better than 3 at all levels but difference was not significant. In Group 1, POBS was significantly more at 4mm compared to 7mm and 10mm (p≤0.05). Use of XP- Endo Finisher after biomechanical preparation improves the POBS of bioceramic based sealer to root dentin at 4, 7 and 10mm. POBS of sealer after PUI was marginally better than Endoactivator at all levels.

The aim is to study acute appendicitis in the surgery department of the Markala Reference Health Center. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in the general surgery department of the reference health center which took place over a period of 35 months from October 1, 2019 to October 30, 2021. The retrospective period was from the month of October 2019 in October 2020 then follows the prospective period until October 2021. Inclusion criteria: Were included in our study; all patients with appendicitis or its complicated forms in the general surgery department of the Csréf in Markala. Non-inclusion criteria: Were not included in our study; cases of appendicitis outside the general surgery department of the Csréf. -Appendicitis accounted for 58.2% of hospitalizations or 31% of emergency surgeries performed during the study period. 85.4% of the patients were without medical-surgical ATCD, on the other hand the oldest of our patients was 61 years old; the average age was 29 years old and the youngest was 13 years old. Furthermore, we note that there was no age of onset of appendicitis. The treatment received by all of our patients was appendectomy (93 cases were operated on urgently and the 10 cases were first cooled and then operated on 3 months after the medical treatment). No major complication was noted in our patients, apart from three cases of infection of the surgical site related to the fact that it was an appendicular abscess. Conclusion: Acute appendicitis is one of the most common surgical emergencies in digestive surgery. Its diagnosis is essentially clinical, sometimes made difficult by the absence of anatomo-clinical parallelism linked to the polymorphism of the lesions and the variations in the position of the organ in the abdominal cavity. Untreated, it can progress to serious complications (generalized peritonitis). It is a condition with low morbidity and mortality subject to early diagnosis and surgical treatment.

Nine existing sunshine based models and three existing temperature based models were evaluated and compared to ascertain the most suitable models for estimating global solar radiation in Maiduguri; the most suitable sunshine based and most suitable temperature based models were also compared. The measured monthly average daily global solar radiation, sunshine hours, maximum and minimum temperature meteorological parameters during the period of thirty one years (1980 – 2010) was utilized and the evaluated models were tested statistically using validation indicators of coefficient of determination, Mean Bias Error, Root Mean Square Error, Mean Percentage Error, t – test, Nash – Sutcliffe Equation and Index of Agreement. The results indicated that the linear exponential sunshine based model and the logarithmic temperature based model were found more accurate for global solar radiation estimation in Maiduguri as compared to other evaluated models. Furthermore, the logarithmic temperature based model was found more accurate for estimating global solar radiation as compared to the linear exponential sunshine based model, and this was testified from the figure showing the comparison between the recommended sunshine based and temperature based models in which the recommended temperature based model depicts the best fitting with the measured global solar radiation data.

To study the epidemiological-clinical profile of sickle cell patients in the health district of Bla. Method: This was a prospective and descriptive study over 1 year, from February 2021 to January 2022; relating to all patients who were screened with the TDR_Sikle Scan and/or followed up during the study period. Results: We performed the TDR in 982 patients from all the consultations (N= 2976). The mean age was 29.6 ± 3.8 years. SS and SC sickle cell disease represent 8.04% (79 cases). Children 23.52% (28 patients) and women 64.35% (51 patients). SS married couples represented (13.92%). Anemia was the most common reason for consultation (47%), followed by bone and joint pain (29%). 33% of the patients (26 cases) had a complication, of which 15 patients had had a CVO and 6 patients (23%) a worsening of the anemia. We have recorded 1 death. Conclusion: regular medical follow-up of sickle cell patients considerably improves the vital prognosis. The frequency of sickle cell traits remains high including SS and SC forms.