Climate change is the single greatest threat to human health, and medical professionals around the world are already taking action to mitigate the health effects brought on by this developing crisis. In order to avoid catastrophic health effects and the millions of fatalities that would come from climate change, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) thinks that the increase in global temperature must be kept below 1.5°C. Some global temperature increases and other climate effects are already unavoidable due to historical emissions. Every additional tenth of a degree of global warming will have a significant negative impact on people's lives and health. It is thought that even a rise of 1.5°C is unsafe.

Summary: It is important to estimate the aboveground biomass and carbon stocks of trees with non-conforming trunks in the forests of the central Congolese basin to plan resource management and to assess the contribution of these forests in mitigating the effects of climate change and, this within the framework of conservation at the scale of a reserve, that for Measuring, Reporting and Verifying forest carbon stocks within the framework of national strategies for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions linked Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+). This study aimed to set up a protocol for estimating the aerial biomass and the corresponding carbon stocks of trees with particular architecture in the Yasikia forest. To succeed, a dendrometric study was carried out for all trees with non-compliant trunks. Dendrometric data were collected on 189 trees divided into 9 families and 20 species. The results of this study show that it is preferable to use the equivalent diameter for a good estimate of the biomass because taking the diameter at the end of the buttress or above, underestimates the quantity of biomass for a tree with a trunk not compliant. The equation used to estimate the woody biomass from different diameters was that of Brown et al., (1989). The results of this study show that it is preferable to use the equivalent diameter for a good estimate of the biomass because taking the diameter at the end of the buttress or above, underestimates the quantity of biomass for a tree with a trunk not compliant. The equation used to estimate the woody biomass from different diameters was that of Brown et al., (1989). The results of this study show that it is preferable to use the equivalent diameter for a good estimate of the biomass because taking the diameter at the end of the buttress or above, underestimates the quantity of biomass for a tree with a trunk not compliant. The equation used to estimate the woody biomass from different diameters was that of Brown et al., (1989).

Introduction: Intramedullary nailing is a commonly employed procedure for treating distal tibial fractures. The two primary approaches for this procedure include the suprapatellar and infrapatellar techniques. Despite their widespread use, there is ongoing debate about the relative merits and drawbacks of these two approaches. Aim of the Study: The aim of this study was to assess the comparison between suprapatellar and infrapatellar approaches for intramedullary nailing of distal tibial fractures. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Orthopaedics Surgery, Brahmanbaria Medical College Hospital, Brahmanbaria, Bangladesh, during the period from December 2020 to December 2022. Total 120 patients with intramedullary nailing of distal tibial fractures were included in this study. All the patients were divided into two groups; Group A comprised of 60 patients treated by suprapatellar approach and Group B comprised of patients treated by infrapatellar approaches. Result: For age, the mean age in Group A is 42.3 years (SD± 9.8 years), and in Group B it is 44.7 years (SD±10.3 years). In terms of sex, male predominance was seen in both groups. Surgical characteristics like surgical time (68.5 vs 74.2 mins), blood loss (58.4 vs 63.7 ml), and fluoroscopy number (15.7 vs 18.9) were significantly less in Group A. Post-operatively, Group B reported more pain (VAS score: 27.1 vs 18.7), while Group A had better range of motion (18.3 vs 17.1) and knee functionality (Lysholm score: 84.6 vs 80.9). Group B showed better foot and ankle functionality (AOFAS score: 94.4 vs 91.3). Fracture healing time was similar (24.5 vs 24.7 months). Fewer patients in Group A experienced complications like fracture deformity, malalignment, and surgical site infections. Conclusion: The suprapatellar approach may be the preferred nailing technique for treating distal tibial fractures compared with infrapatellar approach.

Background: Preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and premature delivery are three obstetric problems related with high iron reserves during pregnancy. Few studies have found an association between preeclampsia and higher serum ferritin levels, however, this finding was not convincing. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the variation in the levels of serum ferritin and serum iron level in preeclamptic Bangladeshi women compared to healthy pregnant women. Methods: This case control study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) during October 2018 to September 2020. A total of 94 pregnant women between 18-40 years of age were included in this study in her 32 weeks to 38 gestational weeks. Among them 47 diagnosed case of preeclampsia and rest 47 healthy pregnant women were consider as control. Purposive sampling technique was followed. After taking consent and matching eligibility criteria, data were collected from patients on variables of interest using the predesigned structured questionnaire by interview, observation, clinical examination and hematological investigation of the patients. The serum ferritin and serum iron level were measured in Department of Biochemistry in BSMMU. Statistical analyses of the results were be obtained by using window based Microsoft Excel and Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-22), where required. Results: Serum ferritin in preeclamptic women was (124.54±32.14 ng/ml), versus (50.83±2.53 ng/ml) in the control group with P-value (0.001). Serum iron in preeclamptic women was (110.19±23.62µg/dl), versus (105.15±26.6 µg/dl) in the control group with P- value (0.334). Almost three fourth (74.5%) patients had serum ferritin >120 (ng/ml) in case and 17(36.2%) in control. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) between two groups with OR= 5.15 (95% CI 2.12-12.47). There was a positive significant Pearson’s correlation coefficient between serum ferritin and each systolic and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.561, p<0.001 and r=0.556, p<0.001 respectively). Serum ferritin level increases significantly in preeclamptic women. There was no significant difference in serum iron levels between the preeclamptic women and control groups. Increased level of serum ferritin may play a role in pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Conclusion: Preeclampsia as one of pregnancy related complications is a notable burden of adverse health. This case-control study demonstrated that preeclampsia is associated with high serum ferritin levels, and that in preeclamptic women, serum ferritin was positively correlated with blood pressure.

The study investigated the acute and sub-chronic effects of the n-hexane seed extract of RICOM-1013-J in biochemical and haematological parameters of mature adult female Wistar rats with an average weight of 110 g. The objective of the study was to determine the immediate, short-term and prolonged toxicological profile of the extract. Thirty-four (34) adult female rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=8) of rats. Two animals (group I) and coded A received 0.2 ml/100 g rat of vegetable oil, and served as control. Two other animals (group II) coded B received 5 mg/kg, subcut. of the extract, a third set of animals (group III) code C was administered 20 mg/kg, subcut. The last two animals (group IV) coded D were injected with 30 mg/kg, subcut. of the extract. The same dosage regimen was administered to a different set of animals of equal number in groups II and III in pairs, and coded accordingly. SGOT, SGPT, urea, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin and haematological assays were carried out at weeks I, IV and VIII in groups I, II and III respectively. Findings from the experiment showed no significant (P>0.05) differences in the mean values of the biochemical parameters and haematological indices test groups relative to control. The study concluded that the n-hexane seed extract of RICOM-1013-J is relatively safe in rats when administered subcutaneously.

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common health issue among pregnant women, leading to adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Despite this, the etiology of UTIs among pregnant women, particularly in resource-limited settings like Bangladesh, is poorly understood. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 120 pregnant women with UTIs, admitted between January 2021 and June 2022, were included in the study following specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Result: The majority of the women was aged 18-24 years (35.83%) and had secondary education (32.50%). Anemia and proteinuria were present in 31.67% and 20.00% of the women, respectively. The primary obstetric characteristic was being primigravida (60.00%). Key risk factors of UTIs included a history of UTI (25.00%), diabetes mellitus (12.50%), frequent sexual activity (33.33%), history of urinary tract abnormalities (8.33%), use of urinary catheters (4.17%), and recent antibiotic use (20.83%). The primary etiological agent was Escherichia coli (60.00%). Conclusion: The findings underscore the need for comprehensive antenatal care, including routine screening for UTIs, anemia, and proteinuria among pregnant women in Bangladesh. Targeted interventions, such as health education and improved sanitation, are recommended to mitigate the identified risk factors. Further research on antimicrobial resistance patterns among the identified etiological agents is warranted to guide appropriate antimicrobial therapy.

Cowpea is an important pulse crop grown in sub-Saharan Africa and in parts of Asia and the Americas. Cowpea seed is an affordable source of nutrients rich in protein with number of essential amino acids. Dehulled seeds of eight improved cowpea lines grown in N’Djamena and Bebedjia (Chad) were analyzed for seed protein content in order to assess the variability, the heritability and the effect of environment interaction. In each locality, the experimental design was a triplicated randomly complete block design. The results showed a wide variability among genotypes for crude seed protein content. The mean value of crude seed protein content was 25.55% with varieties TN-27-80, TN-985-61399 and TN-5-78 showing highest values. High heritability in broad-sense (h2 = 0.74) and moderate genetic advance (GA = 14%) estimated for this character indicated the scope for improvement through selection. The effects of genotype (83.1% of the total sum of square), location (3.5%) and their interaction (13.4%) were highly significant (P<0.01), but the protein content was slightly influenced by the environment. High potential for breeding programs is expected as genetic factors are believed to account for the main variation in protein content. This research could provide information for breeders to develop cowpea cultivars with higher protein content.

The research is focused on identifying the changes in the consumption pattern of the consumers in the FMCG sector due to the COVID 19 pandemic. The distribution channel disruption and the complete lockdown severely affected the manufacturing and the distribution of the FMCG products and the shifts that has taken place when it comes to purchase of FMCG goods, the medium used and whether the change in the behavior of the consumers are permanent or temporary. The research was conducted on the FMCG sector which provides huge opportunity in the rural markets of India. The pandemic has shifted the consumer consumption pattern from non- essential goods to essential products. Purpose – The main purpose of the research is to look into the consumption patterns for pre- corona, during the lockdown and the post lockdown and finds out the changes in the consumption pattern so as to understand the future of the FMCG sector. The customer conversion into e-commerce platforms and home delivery services for purchase of groceries, vegetables etc.

Background: Combined oral contraceptive pills are an effective and widely used method for contraception. Combined oral contraceptives have been shown to alter lipid profiles among various population groups with different patterns of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular risk. Objectives: The study aimed at determining the lipid profile pattern and cardiovascular risk among combined oral contraceptive users. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, Rajshahi Medical College, from January 2018 to December. 2018. The study group was made of 100 women. (mean age 24.1 ± 5 years), who took combined oral contraceptive pills (30 mg ethinyl estradiol, 150 mg Levonorgestrel) for a period ranging from 1-60 months, while 100 age-matched women with regular mentruation with no history of hormonal use within the last six months before the investigation were used as controls. Fasting blood samples from all study subjects were collected and analyzed for lipid profile [ Total cholesterol (TC), High-Density Lipoprotein- cholesterol (HDL-c), Low-Density Lipoprotein- cholesterol (LDL-c) and Triglyceride (TG)] using standard calorimetric Techniques. Results: Combined oral contraceptive use was associated with increased levels of total cholesterol (p ≤ 0.001), Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p ≤ 0.001), triglyceride (p ≤ 0.001), as well as decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (p = .408) in comparison to controls. Conclusion: Combined oral contraceptive use is associated with alteration in lipid profile, particularly increases total cholesterol triglyceride, LDL and decreased HDL-c. These changes carry a potential risk in the development of cardiovascular disease. Evaluating the most effective and safest contraceptive methods is important to avoid the potential risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

Commonly used vitamins such as vitamin C is seen by many athletes as nutritional supplement rather than a performance enhancing drug that boost pulmonary function parameters. This research work is aimed at investigating the effect of vitamin C on Spirometric parameters of athletes. 100 participants were used, 50 for each test group (Vitamin C) and water as control group. Spirometry and peak flow measurements were carried out on each participant. The vitamin C administered orally at a dose of 1.50mg/kg body weight and 35ml of water given orally, the body mass index (BMI), age, sex considered. Measurements were taken before and after one hour of administration of drugs. The results show mean PEFR male and female for Ascorbic Acid test group as 535.2±207.79L/Min and 322.76±20.39L/Min respectively. Control group PEFR male and female as 364.8±23.20L/Min and 325.6±20.45L/Min respectively. Control groups PEFR male and female as 450.6±51.45L/Min and 290±34.90L/Min for Vitamin C, 318±16.26L/Min and 275.20±14.77L/Min for water respectively. Vitamin C increases PEFR much more than water, ERV, IC, VC and IVC were increased by Ascorbic Acid while water decreased ERV, IC, VC, and IVC. The vitamin C effect shows a significant (p<0.05) increase in PEFR, indicating a minimal response of smooth muscle to sympathomimetic. The research work supports the performance enhancing role of Vitamin C, more pronounced in males than females. The finding of this study actually shows that vitamin C indeed has beneficial effect on pulmonary function which means enhancement of performance of athletes. The relatively lower values in females in this study correspond with the report that progesterone reduces fatigue and lowers exercise tolerance (Van-Haren et al., 1998), the participants have high reserve expiratory abilities. This might be due to the fact that they are athletes, meaning they always engage in active regular bodily exercises.

In order to study the correlation between college students’ sports participation and mental health, this paper compiles a questionnaire based on the situation of college students’ sports participation, “activity and Meter comparison table” and “Chinese college students’ mental health scale”. Taking college students in Henan Province as the survey object, this paper studies the correlation between college students’ mental health and sports participation. It is found that the Pearson correlation coefficient between college students’ mental health and sports participation is 0.659. There are different degrees of correlation between college students’ sports participation and various factors of mental health. There are gender differences between male and female college students. College students who often participate in sports have better mental health.

The tumor of the orbital region is defined as a progressive and abnormal increase in the volume of the orbit, its contents or as a progressive, abnormal and simultaneous increase in the volume of these two structures, due to an excessive multiplication of tumor cells leading to a exophthalmos. The objective of this work is to study the clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic aspect of this lesion, and to identify the histological type of the tumor. It was Mrs. AD mother of a child, aged 19, with no known medical and surgical history; admitted on September 28, 2022 to the stomatology and maxillofacial surgery department of the Nianankoro Fomba hospital in Ségou for right ocular exophthalmos accompanied by pain and visual disturbance. Surgical treatment consisted of orbital exenteration, avoiding recurrences and postoperative superinfections and restoring the aesthetics of the face. The cytology result of the surgical specimen reveals a moderately differentiated sarcoma. Facial region tumors are lesions that aesthetically affect patients. Their prognosis and therapeutic follow-up after surgery depend on the histological type confirmed by cytological examination of the surgical specimen.

Disputes are inevitable in construction projects, and cost and time impacts are higher on a project’s performance and successful completion. Therefore, it is essential to prevent disputes from arising or resolve them efficiently once arise. Other than litigation, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) strategies receive more attention from organizations due to efficiency in dispute settlement. However, when using ADR strategies for dispute resolution, it is vital to select the most suitable technique based on the dispute type and other goals of disputant parties. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the factors that impact selecting the most appropriate alternative dispute resolution strategy for construction disputes. By analyzing existing research published from 2019 to 2023, this study revealed three main factor categories that influence ADR selection decisions. Those factor categories are financial factors, organizational factors, and legal factors. This study further identified research gaps that need attention in future research.

Earthquakes are among the hidden forces that threaten human life and the future of civilization. And with the technological progress and studies in space sciences, the Earth did not receive the attention of studies and researches, especially those related to earthquakes. This paper is presents a brief study of the magnetic and physical properties of the elemental compositions of the earth's crust as an attempt to find out the causes of earthquakes. Results of calculations have suggested that compressions and tensions on the earth crust due to the interaction of the earth magnetic field with the magnetic materials in the crust may be one of the main causes of earthquake events.

Necrotizing fasciitis is an infection of the skin and deep subcutaneous tissues, spreading along the fasciae and adipose tissue, mainly caused by Group A streptococcus (Streptococcus pyogenes) but also by other bacteria such as Vibrio vulnificus, Clostridium perfringens or Bacteroides fragilis. Objective: To report a case of Necrotizing Fasciitis received at the Markala Reference Health Center. Clinical observation: It was a 45-year-old rice farmer with no known medical-surgical history received for an extensive wound on the right upper limb evolving for three months with impaired general condition and consciousness. The onset of the symptomatology dates back to about 3 months marked by a paronychia of the pulp of the right thumb extended secondarily to the right forearm. The physical examination finds an extensive necrotic wound of the right upper limb presenting voluminous blisters of brown color with a black background filled with purulent and smelly serosities. The diagnosis of Necrotizing Fasciitis was strongly suspected due to the presence of Pyogenic Streptococcus (Sensitive to gentamycin and Amoxicillin) in the pus sample. The patient was therefore put on antibiotic therapy combining Clavulanic acid at a rate of 2g x 3 per day and gentamicin at a rate of 160 mg per day with wide excision of necrotic tissues under general anesthesia in the operating room followed by a daily dressing with 30V hydrogen peroxide and Polyvidone iodine. The evolution was very favorable with a directed healing on D16. Conclusion: Necrotizing fasciitis is distinguished by its increasingly increasing and worrying frequency, its clinical severity and its detrimental character from a functional and vital point of view, which is why its management must be early.