The effect of Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) leaf and Garcinia kola (bitter kola) seed extracts on the corrosion of mild steel in Sulfate Reducing Bacteria (SRB) environment. Enrichment of SRB was achieved by anaerobic incubation of waste water sample from gutter along old market road Owerri, Imo State Nigeria in BmA medium and BmA medium without iron. Weight loss method was used to determine corrosion. The specific growth rate and cell biomass of SRB in batch culture was determined. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extracts were also determined using standard methods. Results showed measurable weight loss of mild steel samples as a result of corrosion by SRB. Garcinia kola extract had inhibitory effect on SRB at concentrations above 50mg/ml while Anacardium occidentale extract showed no inhibition capacity at 200mg/ml. The MIC for the Garcinia kola extract was at 50mg/ml and MBC at 100mg/ml while there was no observable MIC and MBC value for Anacardium occidentale extract. The cell biomass of the SRB in a batch culture containing Garcinia kola extract was observed to decrease over time, while Anacardium occidentale extract showed an increase in cell biomass with no decrease over time. Garcinia kola extract also reduced the specific growth rate of SRB significantly while Anacardium occidentale extract did not show any significant reduction in the specific growth rate of the SRB cultures. Garcinia kola may have potentials for use in the development of benign natural products for mitigation of microbial induced corrosion of mild steel.

Obesity and pulmonary diseases are said to be co-prevalent and debilitating chronic illnesses that are becoming more and more commonplace globally. This study thus, evaluated the changes in basic pulmonary indices of obese women resident in Rivers State, Nigeria. The minimum sample size of 272 was determined using the Leslie Fischer's formula; exactly 334 obese and non-obese women within their 18 and 65 years of age with no critical health condition and resident in Upland and Riverine areas of Rivers State were actually surveyed by the present study. A multistage sampling technique was adopted, and subjects were surveyed across the upland and riverine locations of the State. These subjects were evenly drawn from the multi-ethnic residents of the state. Automated spirometer was used to measure forced vital capacity (FVC); forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1 and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced expiratory volume in 6 second (FEV6) and the FEV1/FVC ratio. The quantitative data were subjected to statistical analyses using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t-test with a p< 0.05 considered statistically significant were determined. The result indicated that the obese subjects had reductions in some pulmonary indices, like FVC levels. On the other hand, the FVC/ FEV1 ratio had significant (p<0.05) increases following increasing BMI. Further evaluations on the actual impact of obesity on FVC/ FEV1 ratio may shade more light in this direction.

Background: VWD is the most common inherited bleeding disorder characterized by defects in the concentration, structure, or function VWF. There are three main types of VWD that differ according to the degree of disease severity and inheritance pattern (Type 1, Type 2A, 2B, 2M, 2N and Type 3). Methodology: This is 05 years study (Feb 2016–Jan 2021) conducted in hematology section. In present study, amongst total inherited bleeding disorders, Incidence of VWD is 27%, Hemophilia (50%), inherited platelet disorders (14%) and remainder are undiagnosed. Amongst VWD, Type 1 VWD is the most common subtype studied, comprising 66% of total cases. Type 2 & 3 VWD comprised 23% and 10% of total cases showing good correlation with the literature and other studies. Discussion: The European cross-sectional study yielded a population-based estimate of 0.05 per 100,000 for type 3 VWD. Estimates by VWD type from Europe and Western Pacific reported higher prevalence estimates for type 1 disease than type 2 or type 3: 2.7–7.2 per 100,000 for type 1 VWD, 0.8–2.5 per 100,000 for type 2, and 0.1–0.3 per 100,000 for type 3. Conclusion: VWD usually presents with mild bleeding symptoms (except in type 3 VWD) the diagnosis is often delayed. Prompt diagnosis and management can help to avoid potentially life-threatening bleeding events and unnecessary exposure to blood products.

This work characterizes the relationships between the intrinsic properties of sands and the parameters of four mathematical models that best simulate the experimental curves and geotechnical properties of sands used in construction. Origin.Pro.2019" software was used to smooth the grading curves, define the parameters of the mathematical models and link them to the geotechnical data. To achieve this objective, the correlations between the intrinsic properties of the sands are developed using mathematical models with the highest coefficient of determination (R2) and the lowest statistical coefficient (χ²). The correlations used are those with a coefficient of determination greater than or equal to 0.9. The results obtained show that the models used provide a good description of the experimental curves. The model parameters are correlated with the granulometric fractions and the geotechnical parameters. The evolution of the points expressing the parameters of the Gaussian and exponential models (A1, Xc, A, W, Yo) and the parameter (t1) as a function of seven randomly chosen geotechnical quantities, are polylinear and linear fits, respectively. This study is important for predicting a geotechnical quantity from a modelled grading curve, by solving the mathematical expressions of the models used.

Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) was an emerging public health problem threatening the lives of over 2.4 million people globally. It was a great challenge for the management of all hospitals to respond to the coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak at the early stage in the world. The most prominent problems were the arrangement of medical staff to diagnose and treat patients with COVID-19 and the allocation of medical protective equipment. The estimated basic reproductive number of the virus is significantly higher than many other infectious diseases, which can potentially result in the capacity of health facilities becoming overwhelmed, even in the countries with the most developed healthcare systems. Objective: The aim was to assess the level of nurses and practice regarding preventing complications of COVID-19 at Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital, Bogura. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study design was used, and a sample size of 110 that was a purposive sampling technique followed those who met the inclusion criteria to assess the nurses’ practice regarding the prevention of complications of COVID-19 at Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital, Bogura. The study was conducted from July 2021 to December 2021. The instruments for data collection were a semi-structured questionnaire composed of three parts: Demographic variables, knowledge, and practice-based information on the prevention of COVID-19 complications. Results: The findings of the present study revealed that the demographic information the highest 40.91% were within ≤ 30 years of age, 77.27% were female, 90% were Muslim, 87.27% were married, and 46.36% were diploma in nursing. The average level of knowledge, 38.18%, was a high level of knowledge regarding the prevention of COVID-19, which may be due to their clinical experiences. Conclusion: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health threat, creating a pandemic worldwide. The preventive measures include strict quarantine and screening, as well as education to promote the use of masks and hand-washing practices. Nurses’ roles in the disease are an important cognitive key in public health regarding prevention and promotion.

Background: The term sexually transmitted infection (STI) is used to denote a variety of clinical conditions that caused by pathogens that can be acquired and transmitted through sexual activity. The problem with most STDs is that they can occur symptom-free and can thus be passed on unaware during unprotected sexual intercourse. Sexually transmitted diseases are a major health problem affecting mostly young people, not only in developing but also in developed countries. Over the period 1985-1996, a general decrease in gonorrhea, syphilis, and chlamydia infections was noted in developed countries, both in the general population and among adolescents [1]. Objective: The aim was to assess Nurses' Knowledge and Practice regarding Sexually Transmitted Diseases at 250 Bedded Bangamata Sheikh Fazilatunessa Mujib General Hospital, Sirajganj. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study design was used, and a sample size of 110 was a simple random sampling technique followed by those who met the inclusion criteria to assess the nurse's Knowledge and Practice regarding Sexually Transmitted Diseases. The study was conducted from July 2021 to December 2021. The instruments for data collection were a semi-structured questionnaire, which is composed of three parts: Demographic variables, knowledge, and practice-based information on Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Results: The findings of the present study revealed that the demographic characteristics of the highest 51.82% were within 31-40 years; 80.91% were female; 80.91% were Muslim; 59.09% were married; 60% were diploma in nursing and average knowledge score 41.82% were high level of knowledge regarding the Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the level of nurses' knowledge regarding sexually transmitted diseases was 41.82% high level of knowledge regarding STDs in the current study, which may be due to their professional and clinical experiences. In addition to knowledge regarding STDs, prevention is very important for Bangladeshi people.

Cosmetology is a rapidly growing field, resulting in increasing numbers of beauty centers and beauticians. Ear piercing is a common practice in Nigeria and, in recent years piercing of other body parts has greatly increased in popularity. Beauty treatments, such as piercing, tattooing, manicuring, and barbing are used by many people. Individuals working in barber shops, hairdressing and beauty centers are likely to have contact with blood through applications such as shaving, manicure, pedicure and skin care. The aim of this study was to determine hepatitis B virus (HBV) seroprevalence in a sample of beauticians in Yenagoa local government area, Bayelsa State (Nigeria) and to assess the level of knowledge of these professionals regarding viral hepatitis. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving a total of 120 beauticians (hairdressers and manicurists/pedicurists) that were selected by a multistage sampling method. Data was collected by an interviewer-administered questionnaire for knowledge assessment and serum samples were tested for HBsAg positivity using commercial enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kits. Data collected were analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS), version 25 software. Of the total 120 participants 16 (13.3%) were males and 104 (86.7%) were females. The prevalence of HBV infections among the respondents was 7.5%. The knowledge of beauticians on awareness of viral hepatitis B was 5.8%, and their knowledge on ways of transmission was 61.7%. Conclusions: the findings indicate that, due to their low level of awareness of viral hepatitis B existence, beauticians working in Yenagoa Local Government Area are in a risk of HBV infection even though the seroprevalence of HBV was low.

Objectives: Nurses’ professional values have an important role in shaping nurses’ identities. They have an effect by tailoring the care provided and informing the unit’s productivity. Values have the capacity to take patient care to another level, thereby improving the patients’ experience. Likewise, values also influence nurses’ commitment to their organisation, which is considered vital for organisational success. The aim of this study is to examine nurses’ professional values as predictors of their organisational commitment to the Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH). Methods: A cross- sectional descriptive correlational design was selected for this study, which was conducted in two major hospitals in Jeddah. The study’s participants were recruited using a convenience sampling technique. The total sample comprises 412 staff nurses. Results: The results show that nurses have strong professional values and high levels of organisational commitment. Almost all the professional values domains correlate with the organisational commitment domains. This study asserts that professional values are a predictor of organisational commitment. Conclusion: Nurses’ professional values and organisational commitment both have an impact on nursing care, behaviour, and organisational outcomes. Therefore, an understanding of the relationship between these two concepts can improve nursing practices.

Background: Hypertension, Known as an increase in the blood pressure, the blood vessels have raised pressure. Hypertension is a big universal health problem affecting one in three adults, and its mortality rate is 1,000 deaths per day. According to the World Health Organization, more than 80% of deaths from hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases currently arise in low and middle-income countries and are predominately common among persons of low socio-economic status. Risk factors of hypertension are not well studied in adults, and public awareness of hypertension in countries undergoing epidemiological transition is dismal. High blood pressure is one of the most important modifiable risk factors for stroke, with the risk of stroke increasing continuously with increasing levels of blood pressure [1]. Objective: The aim was to assess nurses' knowledge regarding risk factors of hypertension at Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital, Bogura, Bangladesh. Methodology: This descriptive cross-sectional study design was used, and a sample size of 110 that was a purposive sampling technique followed those who met the inclusion criteria to assess the nurse's knowledge regarding risk factors of hypertension. The study was conducted from July 2021 to December 2021. The instruments for data collection were a semi-structured questionnaire composed of two parts: Demographic variables and knowledge-based information on risk factors of hypertension. Results: The findings of the present study revealed that the demographic characteristics of the highest 52.73% were within 31-40 years; 77.22% were female; 89.09% were Islam; 83.64% were married; 46.36% were diploma in nursing and average knowledge score 42% were the moderate level of knowledge regarding the risk factors of hypertension. Conclusion: Hypertension is an important health problem in both urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. The emergence of hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases is strongly related to various risk factors. The finding of the present study was that the level of knowledge about the risk factors of hypertension was 42% moderate level of individuals.

We report in this article the case of a patient treated for nipple Paget's disease and in whom clinical and radiological investigations found the association of Paget with carcinoma in situ and infiltrating carcinoma of the breast. Paget's disease of the nipple is a rare variant of CIS. It is associated with an underlying breast adenocarcinoma in more than 80% of cases. Its research must be systematic in imaging, namely MRI. The management of Paget's disease depends on whether or not it is associated with carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma. Through our case and in the light of the review of the literature, we insist on the particularity of the positive and differential diagnosis of this entity as well as the therapeutic side, the good knowledge of which allows practitioners to make the diagnosis in time and therefore to improve the prognosis of these young patients.

Background: Workplace violence in healthcare settings is a serious problem worldwide and in Bangladesh. It is becoming more common worldwide, and the recent trends confirm a high prevalence of occupational violence against nurses and physicians [1]. The International Labor Office, International Council of Nurses, World Health Organization, and Public Services International defined workplace violence as using physical or nonphysical power against another person or group that could harm the victims physically, mentally, spiritually, sexually, morally, or socially. About 1.6 million people died worldwide due to workplace violence, and many more became injured or suffered from physical and nonphysical health problems [3]. Objective: The aim was to assess nurses' knowledge regarding workplace violence at 250 Bedded Mohammad Ali Hospital, Bogura. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study design used, and a sample size of 110 that was a purposive sampling technique followed those who met the inclusion criteria and assessed the nurses' knowledge regarding workplace violence. The study was conducted from July 2021 to December 2021. The instruments for data collection were a semi-structured questionnaire composed of two parts: Demographic variables and knowledge- based information on workplace violence. Results: The findings of the present study revealed that the highest age group, 40.91% were within 30-40 years, 86.36% were female, 4.55% were Muslim, 93.64% were married, and 47.27% were Diploma in nursing educational qualification among respondents. The average knowledge score of 68% was a good level of knowledge regarding workplace violence. It may be due to their cooperation. Conclusion: Workplace violence among nurses is a major problem in the workplace. It is also a common global problem, including Bangladesh. The major findings of 68% were good level of knowledge. The government plays an important role in minimizing workplace violence using different approaches.

Objective: In this study our main goal is to observe the experience of prevalence of thyroid carcinoma in thyroid swelling. Method: This retrospective study was carried out at tertiary hospital, Dhaka Bangladesh from July, 2021 to December 2022. Total 95 patients with thyroid swelling with normal thyroid hormone profile undergoing thyroidectomy were included as a sample population. Results: Among the 95 patients highest 23 (24.21%) patients age was (31-40) years. highest 55 (58%) patients were female and 40 (42%) patients were male. highest 42 (44%) patients had Only thyroid swelling and similar 42 (44%) patients had both thyroid+Lymph node enlargement. patients highest 90 (95%) patients had local metastatic and only 5 (5%) had distant metastatic. 58.95% had no complication on surgery. Conclusion: From our study we can say that, both the initial treatment and follow-up should be individualized according to prognostic indicators and any subsequent evidence of disease.

Mars, our neighboring planet in the solar system, boasts an environment characterized by its unique and ever-changing nature, shaped by a multitude of factors. To comprehend the intricate processes underlying the formation and transformation of Mars' atmosphere and its influence on climate patterns and potential habitability, we embark on a comprehensive exploration of three pivotal elements. The influence of solar wind, a continuous stream of charged particles emanating from the Sun, plays a pivotal role in molding the Martian environment. It triggers atmospheric sputtering, a phenomenon responsible for atmospheric erosion, and contributes to the development of miniature magnetospheres around the planet. The enigmatic Martian magnetic field, although waning in strength, still retains its importance in understanding habitability and the planet's geological evolution. Once generated by a liquid core, this magnetic field provides valuable insights into Mars' history. Dust storms, another remarkable feature, are driven by various factors and influenced by Mars' magnetic field, exerting a profound impact on climate and surface conditions. Their intensity and frequency fluctuate, affecting the planet's overall environment. Additionally, delving into atmospheric escape processes, especially the loss of water, sheds light on the evolution of Mars' atmosphere and its history. In sum, by examining the interplay of these phenomena, we glean invaluable insights into the dynamic nature of Mars and its enduring influence on the planet's ever-evolving environment.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA, approximately 18-23 nucleotides that can post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of complementary mRNAs. MiRNAs have been found to play a critical role in a broad spectrum of biological processes, such as developmental timing, cell death, cell proliferation, hematopoiesis, and nervous system patterning. Here, we aimed to investigate the possible upregulation of miR-141 in cervical cancer cells and to confirm the influential role of miR-141 in cervical cancer cell proliferation. The level of miR-141 in HeLa cells has been assessed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Cell morphology and a number of living HeLa cells were achieved upon transfection with either precursor miR-141 (pre-miR-141) or a specific inhibitor. MTT assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) production were monitored to assess the potential toxic effect of miR-141 in cancer cells. ELISA assay has been used to monitor the produced cytokines from transfected HeLa cells. Notably, the expression of miR-141 significantly increased in HeLa cells compared to the normal cervical HCK1T cell line. Transfection of HeLa cells with an inhibitor, antagonist miR-141, showed a potent effect on cancer cell viability, unlike the transfection of pre-miR-141. HeLa cells transfected with pre-miR-141 showed decreased levels of interleukin 13 (IL-13). Meanwhile, the transfection of miR-141 specific inhibitor showed an increasing level of produced IL-10 and a decreasing level of IL-10, indicating the role of miR-141 in avoiding programmed cell death in HeLa cells. Together, these data uncover the role of miR-141 in supporting cervical cancer progression and provide miR-141 as a believable therapeutic target.

This study examined the relationships between different leadership styles and bank performance in Saudi Arabia. The partial least squared was conducted to assess the impacts of autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire, and transformational leaderships on financial performance of banks using data from 199 responses collected from 7 Saudi banks. The findings revealed that autocratic leadership had a significant positive effect on performance, while democratic leadership's influence was insignificant. Transformational leadership did not significantly impact outcomes despite correlating strongly with democratic leadership. Laissez-faire leadership was found to negatively influence transformational leadership. These findings provide useful insights yet also merit deeper examination of moderating factors. Autocratic leadership appears suitable given local preferences for hierarchy, but risks stifling creativity long-term. Democratic leadership fosters innovation but still be unable to affect positively the decision-making efficiency. Transformational leadership unexpectedly doesn’t positively affect the financial performance of banks in Saudi Arabia.