Technological growth and advancement, coupled with the advent and expansion of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, has brought about the invention of products that facilitate and enhance human life. Artificial intelligence and Machine Learning have permeated virtually all sectors of the world and have received both positive and negative feedbacks. Undoubtedly, the human race is yet to keep up with the accelerating expansion of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Artificial Intelligence being a subset of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is packed with enormous benefits which shall be accrued to participating states, and one of these benefits is the Lethal Autonomous Weapons (LAWs) otherwise known as Autonomous Weapons Systems (AWS) or “killer robots”. Since the inception of LAWs, researchers, lawyers, IT experts, and scientists have opposed its adoption, urging the international community to impose strict laws on states utilising it. The invention of AI programmed weapons is not the subject matter of contention, rather, the ground for opposition is the “autonomy” granted to the weapons. These machines can function without human oversight and are programmed to be unpredictable. International Humanitarian Law opposes the use of weapons that pose threats to the civilian population, of which LAWs is inevitably a part of. LAWs defile ethical and legal positions. These weapons are so accurate and swift that they can destroy hundreds of humans in a couple of minutes and countries in possession of these machines could use them without recourse to the victims. This research work investigates the threats and risks posed by Lethal Autonomous Weapons to the Society. It analyses International law provisions in respect to LAWs and feasible measure to curb the use of LAWs across the globe.

This review article examines the importance of postoperative management and follow-up for individuals who undergo bariatric surgery. The study covers various aspects of postoperative care, including patient selection and preparation, nutritional management, physical activity, monitoring and follow-up, and psychosocial support. The article provides recommendations for each aspect and discusses the factors that influence weight loss outcomes after bariatric surgery. Strategies for addressing psychological and emotional challenges are also explored, along with the role of support networks in achieving long-term success. The findings suggest that a comprehensive approach to postoperative care, including regular monitoring and follow-up, nutritional management, physical activity, and psychosocial support, is crucial for achieving optimal weight loss outcomes after bariatric surgery. The study has important implications for clinical practice, and future research should focus on identifying ways to improve postoperative care and outcomes for individuals who undergo bariatric surgery.

The current study was carried out to isolate and identify Enterococcus species from clinical samples and to analyse the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Enterococcus Species. All clinical samples which were received in Microbiology laboratory were included in the study. A total of 2958 samples were received. These 129 Enterococci isolates were obtained over a period of 1 year from various samples namely, urine, blood, pus. Samples were processed for microscopy and culture as per the standard guidelines. all samples were inoculated on MacConkey agar and Blood agar. Identification and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of bacterial isolates were carried out by automated system. i.e. VITEK 2 Compact. Out of 2958 samples, Total 129 samples showed growth of enterococci. Out of 129 isolates, 84 were Enterococcus spp, 18 were E.faecalis, 16 were E.faceium. Out of total 129 samples, 76 samples were of males and 53 were of females. Most common samples from which enterococci were isolated was urine accounting for 85 followed by Pus accounting for 15. Medicine department showed the highest isolates with 88. Out of 129 Enterococci 64 showed resistance to primary line of drug like Benzyl penicillin, 79 Enterococci showed resistance to Ampicillin. Out of 129 enterococci 70 showed resistance to secondary line of drug like tetracycline,59 isolates showed resistance to High level Gentamycin, 41 isolates showed resistance to Vancomycin,23 isolates showed resistance to Linezolid. The strains of Enterococci were multidrug resistant. Anitibiotic selection should be done judiciously based on the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the organism.

Taurine chemically known as 2 aminoethanesulfonic acid; NH2CH2CH2SO3H it’s a non essential amino acid, due to absence of carboxyl group it does not participate in protein synthesis, it does not metabolized and thus not involved in gluconeogenesis, thereby not constituting a direct energy source, This wonderful molecule was discover in 1827 by two German scientist Tiedemann and Gmelin from bile of ox (Bos taurus), Ten years later, this amino acid got its name as Taurine by Demarcay, and 20 years later Jacobsen and Smith discovered that its structure contains sulfur. In a wide variety of invertebrate and vertebrate tissues the natural occurrence of taurine has been recognized, It is also present in plants algae and fungi. In this review we try to cover all possible beneficial role of taurine.

Wheat is a common staple crop in Pakistan and it is also a major component of most people's daily diets. Pakistan is ranked eighth in the world for wheat production. The fifth major factor affecting crop yields is a lack of micronutrient availability. A field experiment was carried to determine the impact of foliar application of boron on the productivity of different varieties of wheat at Agronomic Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during Rabi season in 2020-21. The crop was sown by hand drill in plots with a net size of 6.5 m × 1.8 m. The experiment was comprised of 12 treatments in randomized complete block factorial design with two factors i.e. V1: Ghazi 2019, V2: Akbar 2019, V3: Anaj 2017, and four boron levels i.e. B0: 0g ha-1, B1: 50g ha-1, B2: 60g ha-1 and B3: 70g ha-1. The source of boron was boric acid which contains 5% B. Significantly the plant height (7.46%), productive tillers (6.01%), spike length (24.18%), number of spikelets per spike (35.53%), number of grains per spike (42.32%), 1000-grain weight (19.44%), grain yield (22.15%), biological yield (24.33%), harvest index (3.63%) increased as compared to control in wheat variety Akbar 2019 where 70 g ha-1 boron was applied at booting, flowering and milking stages. Recommended from observations that 70g ha-1 boron at the booting, flowering and milking stages is helpful for achieving a higher economic yield of wheat.

Advances in fisheries system have been made in the few past years due to different technological progress in the food chain system by improving the mutual communication among different types of organisms. Overfishing, anthropogenic climate change, and pollution are already having measurable impacts on the marine environment throughout the majority of the globe, and their potential long-term repercussions are very concerning. Fishing activity contributes to marine debris; the proportional contribution of recreational fishing has not been quantified. New approaches that are being used in various ways include the precautionary approach, the ecological approach, adaptive management, and harvest control rules. Growth in coastal population has made water and land pollution worse and placed additional pressure on coastal development. Satellite remote sensing has been an essential tool in fishery research, management, and harvesting because it offers synoptic ocean measurements for evaluating environmental influences on the abundance and distribution of fish populations and allows ecological analyses at community and ecosystem scales. Synthetic super-active analogues with higher inducing potency at lower doses were developed using biotechnological techniques including protein engineering and recombinant DNA technology. There are many methods of preservation, including as drying, smoking, freezing, chilling, and brining. Fish that has been smoked or dried has more nutrients and is easier to digest. Fish is often prepared by smoking or drying; both processes eliminate moisture by heating, which reduces the development of germs and increases shelf life. Advances in genetic engineering also helpful for improving the new varieties in the fisheries system.

Background: Preterm labor is one of the biggest health issues in the globe and is associated with high perinatal mortality and morbidity. A healthy pregnancy can turn into one that is at high risk for both the mother and the fetus in one of these clinical scenarios. Objective: The aim of the present study is to determine the risk factor and maternal and perinatal outcome of patients presenting with preterm labor and to evaluate the preventable causes of preterm labour. Methods: A Case control study conducted in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Dhaka Medical College Hospital, during February 2010 to July 2010. Results: A total of 50 cases having preterm labour in between 28 - 36 weeks of gestation and 50 controls having 37-40 weeks pregnancy with lobour pain were screened and enrolled in the study. Several significant risk factors were associated with preterm labour and the following risk factors were identified. Low socio-economic class, rupture of membrane (OR = -2.45), previous history of abortion (OR = 2.25), Preterm delivery (OR -9.33), and Anaemia (OR = 8.31). Conclusions: As preterm labour is grave consequences for both the mother and the newborn of preterm labor should be aim and developing awareness of pregnant mother who are high risk for preterm labor.

Acute osteomyelitis of the pelvis is unusual in children. Diagnosis and management are often delayed, resulting in increased morbidity. Our work aims to draw attention to this rare location by analyzing a 17-year-old patient, which will be further studied in a literature review.

This article has set out some of the major issues related to the composition of bilingual dictionaries, namely their functional aspect which helps determining the nature of the intended book, either reception-oriented or production oriented, depending on the type of audience to whom this work is to be presented. After that, the notion of equivalence started taking its position as being the central point of this paper. This latter was gradually reflected. That is to say that the analysis began with word class equivalence, and then it developed to deal with those consisting of two or more words (collocations), to arrive after that to those with longer lexical combinations through relying on different ideas and points of view by theorists descending from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds with different ideas and points of view. Most of them went even further to discuss its subtypes, as called by Heming Yong and Jing Peng, or its degrees as proposed by Monia Bayar 2007. This has led to another level of discussion, i.e. the criticism of some ideas that seemed illogical, especially that carried on zero equivalence, categorical correspondence and others. As I proceed, the discussion has moved to another level. That is of enquiring multiple methods and techniques used to provide naturally sound equivalents with respect to the disparities between languages.

Juvenile polyposis syndrome (JPS) was first described in 1964. It is a rare (approximately one in every 100,000 individuals) autosomal dominant disease that is characterized by the occurrence of several juvenile polyps in the gastrointestinal tract. Juvenile polyp is a specific type of hamartomatous polyp. The term ‘juvenile’ refers to the polyp histology rather than the age of onset of the polyp. An isolated juvenile polyp is not diagnostic of JPS and occurs in approximately 2% of children and adolescents. Here we present a case of a 7 month old baby boy who presented with recurrent vomiting and abdominal pain and on examination revealed RIF mass and tenderness. Clinically, the diagnosis of intussusception was suspected and confirmed on sonographic examination. Exploration of the abdomen revealed ileo-ileal intussusception. Further, Juvenile polyp was identified by the presence of cystically dilated glands lined by cuboidal to columnar epithelium, filled with secretions, abundance of edematous lamina propria with inflammatory cells on histopathological examination. The relevance of this case report lies on the fact that appearance of juvenile polyp in ileum is rare.

Esophageal leiomyoma is uncommon. It is the most common benign tumor of the esophagus accounting for 0.4% of esophageal neoplasms and approximately two-thirds of benign esophageal tumors. About 90% of them are reported to be solitary and intramural lesions, and multiple or diffuse lesions seem to be very rare. We report the observation of a 75 years old male patient who was evaluated for chronic epigastric pain, Physical examination findings were typically normal, the patient underwent upper GI endoscopy. In esophagus, many submucosal tumor covered with intact mucosa, varying between 5mm and 20mm in size and located in the middle and lower part of oesophagus were noted. The radial endoscopic ultrasonography showed multiple (>10 masses), homogenous hypoechoic masses with clear margins, originated from the submucosa layer with normal surrounding structures, located in the middle and lower part of the oesophagus, and their size was < 2 cm, these lesions are followed periodically as they have a slow growth rate and negligible risk of malignant transformation. Multiple esophageal leiomyomas seems to be very rare, EUS is a valuable technique for the diagnosis of the disease and for making treatment decisions.

This study descriptively explores the contribution of Central Bank cashless policy of point -of sale (POS) to the growth of financial inclusion in Sokoto State using a survey dataset for a sample of three hundred and eighty-four (384) respondents. In the analysis, the study used descriptive technique in form of mean and standard deviation. The study found that point-of-sale has contributed positively to the growth of financial inclusion in Sokoto State. Based on the outcome, this study suggests that Central bank and deposit money banks should encourage the establishment of many point-of-sale locations in both urban and rural areas of the state with view to achieve and accelerate the target financial inclusion.

The purpose of this research is first to examine and find weaknesses in Absentee agricultural land ownership regulations in the Indonesian legal system. Second, to reconstruct Absentee agricultural land ownership regulations based on the value of justice. This study uses a constructivist paradigm with a sociological juridical approach to solving research problems by examining secondary data and primary data by discovering the legal reality experienced in the field. The results of the research show that the weak factors consist of legal structure factors, legal substance factors, and legal culture factors. (1): Owners of agricultural land who live outside the sub-district where the land is located, within 6 months must transfer their land rights to another person in the sub-district where the land is located, if the remaining period is 6 months then the land will be transferred into assets village in the district. While the reconstruction of Government Regulation Number 41 of 1964 concerning Amendments and Supplements to Government Regulation Number 224 of 1961 concerning Implementation of Land Distribution and Granting of Losses Article 3d: Land in the sub-district where the land is located cannot be owned by someone outside the sub-district, so it is prohibited to transfer it for any reason.

A case of carpal tunnel syndrome was incidentally discovered during an occupational pathology consultation in a 51-year-old class teacher, with more than 24 years of service, presenting with tingling and tingling in the right hand and pain radiating to fingers and forearm. The use of chalk on the blackboard and the pen on paper constituted the professional causes found. The symptomatology was exacerbated after each working day, calmed down during weekends and holidays, and awoke to rare domestic work such as (washing linen, sifting flour, etc.). The patient, after numerous consultations in traumatology for joint pain in the wrist, was also followed by another doctor for arterial hypertension. The result of the first ultrasound was contradictory to the clinic, concluding with De Quervain's tendonitis. The CT scan of the wrist did not provide any evidence for the diagnosis. The requested electromyogram was not made available. The infiltration of corticosteroids helped to calm the pain and the associated signs.

Background: Due to the lack of gold standard techniques for adherence measurement, accurate measuring and monitoring of patient medication adherence is a problem that affects the entire world. Adoption of technology for medication adherence monitoring has received recent attention since it allows for the ongoing monitoring of patient behaviour with regard to medication adherence. However, there are differences in the technological characteristics and data collection techniques of the many medication adherence monitoring technologies currently in use, which affects how well they can be used and how well they can perform. Overall, there is a dearth of adequate standards to evaluate medication adherence monitoring technology for the best uptake and application. Objective: In order to encourage technology development and implementation, this study seeks to offer a narrative review of the available medication adherence monitoring systems.