Every functional society consists of active shareholders (the leaders and the lead) whose activities are complimentary and must be constantly synergistic. In the event that the required cohesion is to be disturbed, the spectrum inviting such typically owes the other segments of society some form of explanation for such an action. Consequently, this study sets to investigate the linguistic resources deployed for legitimisation in ASUU’s press release of March,2020. To achieve this, Paul Cap’s (2005,2006) Spatial, Temporal and Axiological (STA) model of legitimisation was deployed to analyse for proximisation in the corpus. It was found that the linguistic resources used in the speech represented predominant instances of Spatial, Temporal and Axiological dimensions; ASUU deployed linguistic features for positive proximisation to justify their claims for an extended (indefinite) strike action and negative proximisation when expressing their existential realities, with the Nigerian federal government, in the education sector. The study concludes that judging from the gory realities in the education sector (which ASUU is seen to strongly advocate against), ASUU’s insistence on the federal and state governments to adequately fund the sector is deserving of the needed attention. To this end, it is hoped that the education sector will receive a big boost, if ASUU’s educational gatekeeper role is taken seriously by the concerned relevant stakeholders (government or school proprietors).

Policy briefs are often recommended as a key tool for communicating research findings to policy makers. Some knowledge transfer programs have emerged in the past years to promote the use of research. One of those program was the policy brief. It is a short document synthesizing the results of one or multiple studies. In this policy brief, the researcher used one of his research work has been conducted 10 years ago. The purpose of a policy brief is to inform policymakers’ decisions or motivate action. The Policy brief approach allows for a more comprehensive view of evidence use and to decide more specifically in which ways policymakers use research evidence. Further research needs to be done to evaluate the various forms of uses of policy briefs by policy makers.

Medical errors are a significant concern in healthcare systems worldwide, posing risks to patient safety and quality of care. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of medical errors, their types, causes, and potential solutions, based on current literature. The review highlights the importance of addressing medical errors through a multidisciplinary approach, including improved communication, enhanced education and training, the implementation of technology and artificial intelligence, and quality improvement initiatives. It also emphasizes the need for ongoing monitoring and reporting of medical errors to drive change and improve patient outcomes. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology with significant potential to revolutionize healthcare. The application of AI in healthcare has opened up new avenues for improving diagnostics, treatment planning, patient monitoring, and healthcare management.

A position statement is a written statement from an organization that discusses a current clinical problem. That suggests an established and agreed upon approach to this problem by the organization. Position statement synthesizes newly available information and reinforces best nursing practices and give detailed policy or guidelines for practice. The main aim of this paper is to reducing Emergency Department Congestion. In this Position statement published by the researchers will benefit the health care community, in general with the help of inspiring practice improvement and up to date clinical care.

Background: An increase in the left atrial volume index (LAVI) has been recognized as an important indicator of left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction (DD), which is considered a significant risk factor for cardiovascular events. The left atrium plays a crucial role in maintaining efficient cardiac function by facilitating proper blood flow between the pulmonary veins and the left ventricle during diastole. Objective: In this study our main goal is to evaluate the relationship between Left Atrial Volume and Diastolic Dysfunction in 500 Bangladeshi Patients. Method: From January 2022 to January 2023, researchers at a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh analyzed data from 500 patients in need of a transthoracic echo in the cardiology department. Patients were people aged 20 to 86 with a history free of atrial or ventricular arrhythmias, pacemaker usage, valvular disease (other than minor), or congenital cardiopathy who presented with sinus rhythm. Forty-five people were left out because their tests were either too limited to assess mitral diastolic flow (n = 35) or too limited to assess left atrial volume index (n = 10). Five hundred patients were used as the study's final sample size. Results: The average age and proportion of men in the DD groups were both greater than in the normal function group. The DD groups had more left ventricular mass than the controls. Only in the group with ventricular filling limitation pattern (grade III DD), was the ejection fraction significantly decreased. LAVI and dimensions both rose as DD severity increased, from 21 4.2 mL/m2 in grade I to 26.1 7.5 mL/m2 in grade II to 50.4 2.8 mL/m2 in grade III (p 0.001). In addition, the grade I DD groups (altered relaxation) showed a relative decrease in the E-wave and the E/A ratio, and an increase in the mitral deceleration time, when compared to the normal diastolic function group; the opposite was seen in the group with grade III DD (restrictive pattern). All DD subtypes had weaker e' waves compared to those with normal diastolic function. As DD progressed, a rise in the E/e' ratio was seen. LAVI was positively correlated with age, left ventricular (LV) diastolic and systolic volumes, LV wall relative thickness, LV mass indexed to height raised to the 2.7th power, and E/e' ratio (all p 0.01). There was a statistically significant negative relationship between left atrial volume index and left ventricular ejection fraction, as well as between the e' wave and the septal mitral anulus. Conclusion: According to this study in a Bangladeshi population, DD contributes to left atrial remodelling, and a rise in LAVI is an indicator of DD severity. In this cohort with preserved or slightly reduced mean ejection fraction and no substantial valvular heart disease, LAVI increase determinants are related to age, left ventricular hypertrophy, higher filling pressure, and impaired LV systolic performance.

Prior to the beginning of the Cold War, exploration of outer space by explorers was majorly for scientific discoveries of new planets. But as time went by, governments and private entities began to explore further for natural resources that could be beneficial to the existence of man on earth. Such minerals that could be found in asteroids include iron, iridium, nickel, magnesium, gold, platinum, and palladium, among others. Although every nation of the world is believed to have equal right to outer space and the resources discovered therein, the commercialisation of space mining activities have seemingly restricted the control of these resources to world leading governments such as, the United State, China, Russia, Japan, France and some private enterprises who have the financial power for such activities. The goal of the article was to examine commercialisation, property rights and contemporary legal issues concerning outer space mining. Can private or non-governmental entities operate in the outer space without governmental authorisation and continuing supervision? How best could ensuing space mining disputes and environmental concerns be addressed? Doctrinal research method was adopted for this study to discuss fundamental issues and resolve questions raised by the article. This entailed the examination of available literature in the area plus existing international and domestic laws regulating outer space mining activities in order to give in-depth analysis of the subject matter and to support the position reached in the article. In concluding the article, the authors proffered some suggestions on the identified contemporary issues.

Pragmatics as a field of linguistic science helps us understand how language is used, what it is used for and it’s meaning in a given context. Therefore, health posters are peculiar means of communicating information about diseases, identifying risk factors and promoting behavioural change. Language use aids healthcare providers to shape and define ‘normal and healthy’ behaviours and conditions. This study therefore aims at doing a pragmatic analysis of selected health posters so as to establish the relationship between the visuals and the captions of the posters and the relevance of the principles of meaning in the posters. Three health posters cutting across different diseases were collected and analysed, using Sperber and Wilson’s Relevance Theory. It involves the analysis of direct and indirect relevance of pragmatic principles in the health posters. The study discovers that colour combination in the health posters communicates the desired message of the health care providers. The study also revealed that the health posters are informative and educational despite that, some of them appeared vague and ambiguous.

Acute pancreatitis associated with pregnancy occurs mostly in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy or during the immediate postpartum period, mainly caused by biliary lithiasis. Its incidence is approximately 1 in 1000 to 3000 pregnancies [1]. Maternal and fetal mortality due to acute pancreatitis occurring during pregnancy has fallen in recent years thanks to medico-technical advances in intensive care units with better management of severe attacks and better management of premature newborns. The clinical presentation is often atypical in pregnant women and the possibilities of imaging and surgery are limited. Acute pancreatitis can be treated medically but surgery becomes necessary if there is no improvement under medical treatment.

Background: The present study investigated the antihyperglycemic and ameliorative effect of aqueous leaves extract of Acalypha wilkesiana on alloxan-induced diabetic male rats. The experimental rats were divided into six groups. Rats of the first group served as normal controls. Rats of the second group were negative control as they were induced with diabetes without treatment. The third group was treated with glibenclamide after induction of diabetes. The fourth, fifth and sixth groups were diabetic rats, treated with aqueous leaves extract of Acalypha wilkesiana at low dose (100mg/kg body weight), medium dose (200mg/kg body weight) and high dose (400mg/kg body weight) respectively. The blood glucose levels of the animals in each group were checked on day 5, 10 and 15 to examine the antihyperglycemic effect of the aqueous leaves extract of Acalypha wilkesiana. Also, on day 5, 10 and 15, the pancreas and spleen of experimental animals from each group were harvested for histological examination. Result: The result obtained showed that the graded doses of the extract significantly (p<0.05) reduced the blood glucose levels of the diabetic animals in a dose-dependent manner. Also, the histological examination of the pancreas and spleen of the experimental animals treated with aqueous leaves extract of Acalypha wilkesiana showed normal pancreatic islet (PI) filled with islet cells (Granular appearance) and pancreatic acini (PA), while normal spleen with white pulp containing periarteriolar lymphatic sheath (PALS) and central arteriole (CA), splenic cord (SC) and sinusoids (SS) were seen in the same animals treated with the extract. The effect of the extract was similar in action to the standard drug glibenclamide. Conclusion: The aqueous leaves extract of Acalypha wilkesiana possesses antihyperglycemic potentials and ameliorates the pancreas and spleen of diabetic albino rats.

HIV infection is known to be a factor associated with cardiovascular disease. The objective of this work is to draw the attention of clinicians working in a resource-limited environment to the risk run by these patients in hospitalization in order to be able to prevent and ensure early and adequate management allowing the reduction of thrombotic risk andits complications. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study from January 2022 to May 2023, all patients hospitalized for advanced HIV disease were assessed by the Padua score supported by the D-dimer test. The data was collected in strict confidentiality. Out of a total of 400 hospitalized patients 40 were identified as being at being at risk of developing venous thromboembolic disease (VTE). The average age was 33, 6 years, 28 patients were female (70%).Coma (37,5%) and dyspnea(30%) were the main reasons for consultation. Cellular immunosuppression was severe (CD4∠200 mm3) in 95% of patients disseminated tuberculosis(50%), pneumocystosis carini pneumonia(25%), sepsis(12,5%), neuromeningeal cryptococcosis(7,5%) and Kaposi’s sarcoma (5%) were the main associated opportunistic conditions. 28(70%) patients were naïve to antiretrovirals and 12(30%) had been on retroviral treatment for six months. 12(30%) patients died, 8(20%) patients progressed well, and 20(50%) were lost sight of for lack financed mean.

Background: Achalasia is a medical ailment characterized by irregular contractions of the esophagus and incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. This condition results in difficulty swallowing food and liquids, and often leads to regurgitation and heartburn. Case presentation: This case report describes a 36-year-old female patient who presented with difficulty swallowing, heartburn, chest pain, and coughing while eating or drinking. The patient had lost significant weight despite a good appetite, and a physical examination revealed poor nutrition. Esophageal manometry confirmed the diagnosis of Achalasia Type 1, and endoscopy showed severe Candida esophagitis and a very dilated esophagus with diverticula. Due to the patient's condition and endoscopic finding of diverticula, surgery was considered, as she did not qualify for the Peroral Endoscopic Myomectomy (POEM) procedure. The patient was treated with fluconazole to address the esophageal candidiasis, and NG feeding was initiated to improve weight and nutrition. After recovering, the patient underwent a laparoscopic Heller myotomy with Dor fundoplication using a video laryngoscope to facilitate intubation. Anesthesia was maintained with O2/air with Sevoflurane, and the patient was extubated and transferred to the post-anesthesia care unit. Conclusion: Achalasia is a frequently researched esophageal motility disorder that is distinguished by inadequate relaxation of the LES and absent or irregular peristalsis in the esophagus. Common symptoms in most patients include difficulty swallowing solids and liquids, regurgitation, and varying degrees of weight loss. This case highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment of Achalasia Type 1, as well as the use of rapid sequence induction and proper anesthesia techniques during surgery.

Infections are frequent complications of hospitalization. Nosocomial infections or healthcare associated infections or hospital acquired infections are endogenous or exogenous infections which a patient acquires either during hospitalization or soon after discharge from the hospital. Hospitals and hospital-like settings tend to gather many sick under one roof and hence, serve as a reservoir of numerous infectious agents. These overcrowded healthcare settings with inability to maintain hygienic conditions are threat not only to the patients but also to the healthcare workers. Increasing population of immune-compromised patients including the aged-ones, unsafe medical care, surgical procedure, injections, transplants are some of the major causes of spread of nosocomial infections. Nosocomial infections have severe adverse effects. It leads to emotional stress, functional disability and even death in certain cases. Mortality caused by nosocomial infections in India is more than any other form of accidental death. It also prolongs the hospital stays and adds to the economic burden of managing the underlying disease. The active cooperation of the Healthcare workers for better implementation of the existing preventive and control measures along with the technical advances will contribute much to fight against the nosocomial infections.

The teaching of Physical Education and Sports (PES) is increasingly compromised in Djibouti, as most of the new middle and secondary schools built in the past two decades do not have playgrounds. This situation has meant that some students have never had access to physical and sports activities as part of their school curriculum. They consequently suffer the detrimental consequences of this situation, particularly on health, well-being, and overall development. To carry out this research, we have analyzed several data sources, such as internal reports and statistical directories of the national education system. We have also studied legislative documents, articles, reports, and chapters on the evolution of school education in Djibouti, as well as ethnographic surveys. Through descriptive analyses, the purpose of this article is to highlight the disparities that exist among different schools in terms of playground equipment and, by extension, access to physical and sports activities. Ultimately, this article emphasizes the urgent need to address the crisis of playgrounds in schools to ensure a better future for PES and enable students to benefit from the physical, social, and educational advantages associated with engaging in physical and sports activities.

Background: Nasal foreign body (NFB) refers to an object which lodges into nasal cavity. A case of 11 years old boy who presented at our clinic with a three year history of nasal bromihidrosis and discharge from the nostrils was reported by the parents, and added that it was persistent since one year ago. Methods: A dark object was visualized at the turbinate of the right nostril. The visible object was sounded with a forceps extractor to confirm the nature of the object. The nose was swabbed; debris cleaned and with the forceps extractor a gentle traction was carried out as the forceps grabbed the object. There was little or no resistance but two attempts to grab the object failed. On the third attempt, the forceps was able grip the object firmly and on pulling, the object was gently extracted from the area of impaction behind the right turbinate. Conclusion: The NFB was observed to be a stone embedded with purulent nasal discharge. This case emphasizes the need for parents and caregivers to be aware of the complications associated with presence of NFBs and need to seek prompt medical attention.

Infection prevention must be a top concern in all dental settings, regardless of the level of care offered, and all settings must be set up to follow standard precautions and other infection prevention guidelines. This study's objective was to evaluate dental assistants' knowledge with infection control guidelines. In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, a cross-sectional survey of female dental assistants was carried out. To collect information on knowledge of infection control, a 27-question survey was given out from January to March 2023. Comparisons that were both descriptive and statistical were made. The sample for the study included 125 female dental assistants. Among participants, correctly knew the essentials of infection control scored 88%. The percentage of correct responses for the understanding of personal protective equipment (PPE) was high (97%). The least amount of knowledge (82%) was possessed about sterilizing dental equipment. No statistically significant differences were found between any of the comparisons. With limitations, we concluded from the study that, with an overall score of 88%, the participants were knowledgeable on ways to decrease infection in dental clinics. Promoting infection control practices, risk awareness education, and initiatives that encourage the adoption of all precautions should be prioritized. Dental assistants need to have more information given how crucial infection control is to their field of work.