Plant genomics experienced a revolution as a result of the cheap cost and simplicity of sequencing, which produced numerous assemblies of inferior quality but also a sharp rise in the number of revolutionary genome-enabled discoveries concerning the basic plant biology. Crops physiological, metabolic, and molecular responses to several abiotic challenges appear to be very different from their reactions to single stresses. One of the most crucial fields of plant research is the investigation of the processes underlying plant adaptation to environmental stresses. As biological messengers that control gene expression, ROS and NO work synergistically to activate defense mechanisms in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. It is known that S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), which is thought to be a key regulator of plant stress tolerance due to its effect on protein S-nitrosylation, contributes to Solanum lycopersicum's thermotolerance. Vitamin K3, often known as pro-vitamin K, has an addition component called menadione sodium bisulphite (MSB). In contrast, CRISPR/Cas9 can speed up the plant breeding by quickly, precisely, and predictably altering genomes. CRISPR/Cas9 has recently gained popularity as a technique for genome editing and has been extensively utilized in crop resistance breeding because to its effectiveness, simplicity, and adaptability.

Background: The contamination of patient files is a serious problem that can have a negative impact on the health of patients and staff. Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites can all contaminate medical files, which can lead to nosocomial infections. Methods: This study reviewed the literature on the contamination of patient files in hospitals. The study identified a number of factors that can contribute to contamination, including the handling of medical files by healthcare workers who are not properly washing their hands, the placement of medical files in areas where there is a lot of traffic, and the condition of medical files. Results: The study found that the contamination of medical files is associated with a number of risks, including the risk of nosocomial infections, the risk of cross-contamination between patients, and the risk of damage to medical records. Conclusion: The study concludes that it is important to take steps to prevent the contamination of medical files. These steps include educating healthcare workers on the importance of proper handwashing, developing and implementing policies and procedures for the handling of medical files, regularly inspecting medical files for signs of contamination, cleaning and disinfecting medical files that are contaminated, and using EHRs instead of paper records.

Background: The increase in prevalence of diabetes mellitus among Saudi population is being associated with many health consequences among diabetic patients. One of the serious complications is diabetic ulcer. Aim: To assess the awareness, attitudes, practices and risk factors influencing diabetic foot ulcers among diabetes patients in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. Method: A cross-sectional study consistent of 38 questions conducted in Eastern region of Saudi Arabia, distributed between 8-Feb-2018 to 1-June-2018 through social media. The structured questionnaire was designed to collect demographic characteristics, in addition to several questions about history of foot problems, current foot or leg problems, foot care, foot wear, safety and prevention and foot care education. Result: Two hundred and ninety-three participated in the questionnaire, of whom 197 were female and 96 were male. The majority of participant (154) had been diagnosed with T2DM. About the treatment which was multiple choice: 55.3% were using oral hypoglycemic drugs, 34.1% using insulin and 31.1% were using diet while the rest were using parenteral hypoglycemic drugs. Most participants (60.1%) reported having altered sensation (i.e. numbness) in their lower limbs. One hundred twelve of participants examined their feet only when they had problem. Only 50.2% drying well between the toes. About using moisturizing cream for the foot and using cream between toes 39.2%, 19.8% were saying yes 37.9% and 31.1% were answer sometimes while the rest 22.9% and 49.1% answer no, respectively. Participants wore more than one type of shoe, with athletic being used by 46.8% of participants, 29.4% wear broad and round toes, 23.2% were wear shoes which made of leather or canvas. Walking barefoot inside the home was 44.7%. Most participants (50.2%) didn’t inspect the shoes before wearing them. Forty participants didn’t check about the water temperature before soaking feet, 42% check about it while the other didn’t soak the feet. For sitting with legs crossed 54.9%. Around 95% of participants want handout on how to care for the feet. Conclusion: Foot care is crucial to prevent serious complications in diabetic patients. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures should be followed to ensure adequate and proper foot care. The participants in this study had inadequate information and poor practice toward the appropriate foot care.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy characterized by oligo-ovulation or anovulation signs of androgen excess and multiple small ovarian cysts. It is thought to be one of the leading causes of female sub-fertility. It has been estimated that PCOS affects 5-10% of females in reproductive age. In this study, we used combination of letrozole and clomiphene vs letrozole alone in ovulation induction in infertile PCOS women. Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the effectiveness of the combination of letrozole and clomiphene citrate and letrozole alone in ovulation induction in infertile women with PCOS. Methods: Randomized controlled trial conducted in the Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, from July 2020 to June 2021. A total of 50 women 18-40 years of age with a diagnosis of infertility and PCOS as defined by the Rotterdam criteria and no other known cause of infertility were included in this study. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups by using a computer-generated random table to either 5 mg letrozole alone or the combination of 2.5 mg letrozole and 50 mg CC daily on cycle days 3-7 for two treatment cycle. Statistical analysis was performed by the SPSS program for Windows, version 22.0. Main outcome measured by number & size of mature follicles, endometrial thickness, day 21 serum progesterone & ovulation rate in both groups. The secondary outcome includes pregnancy rate and complication of both treatment arms. Results: Regarding demographic criteria, there was no significant difference between two groups. In the current study, clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters and cycle characteristics were also comparable to both groups and showed no significant difference. Dominant follicles were found 24(52.2%) in group A (CC+Letrozole) and 29(63.0%) in group B (Letrozole Alone) without any significant difference. Mono follicular development was found 18(75.0%) in group A and 24(82.8%) in group B which was not statistically significant. Endometrial thickness and serum progesterone level at 1st and 2nd cycle were not statistically significant between two groups (p>0.05). Ovulation rate was higher in group B than group A (76.0% vs 72.0%) with absolute difference 4.0 and relative ratio 0.95. Pregnancy rate was also higher in group B than group A (24.0% vs 16.0%) with absolute difference 8.0 and relative ratio 0.67. Ovulation and pregnancy rate were not statistically significant between two groups. Regarding side effects, no significant difference was found between two groups. Conclusion: Although it was not statistically significant, ovulation and pregnancy rate was a little higher in alone letrozole group than combined group. The results of this preliminary study suggested that letrozole may have a better role as a first-line treatment for anovulatory patients with PCOS.

The purpose of the article is to highlight the characteristics and features of the digital space as a new social environment, as well as the factors that influence the process of forming a person’s identity in the digital space. One of the characteristics of the digital space as a social environment is the abundance of information. This abundance of information, however, is not always equivalent to, or combined with, an abundance of knowledge. Another characteristic of the digital space is its disruption of the boundaries between the real and digital worlds, resulting in the simultaneous existence and activity of a person in both worlds. A third characteristic is also the access to personal data and information to an unlimited number of people it provides, as well as the constant changes present in the digital space as a consequence of rapid technological changes. As for the factors that affect the process of a person's self-determination and self-expression in the digital space, we can also mention the following: the need to belong to a social community, the desire to stay in the mainstream, and the pursuit of social desirability or the “perfect self” and so on.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most essential cereal crop among all other crops of Pakistan and belongs to the family poaceae. The experiment was performed to evaluate the response of exogenously applied jasmonic acid on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth parameter against aphid attack. Two wheat varieties i.e., Fareed-2006 and Paktoon-2016 are cultivated in pots and different concentrations of Jasmonic acid (100 µM and 1 mM) were applied. Concluded results showed that aphid infested plants decreased root and shoot length, plant height, total soluble protein and chlorophyll contents but increased the POD and SOD contents, MDA contents, catalase, H2O2 concentrations and phenolics of wheat (Triticum aestivum) which was further improved through jasmonic acid application. Jasmonic acid treated plants showed better results than control and aphid infested plants. Jasmonic acid spray helped plants to recovery from aphid stress by increasing antioxidant enzyme synthesis, POD (Peroxidase), SOD (Superoxide dismutase) and CAT (Catalase). The results showed that JA sprayed plants have a reduced aphid population than controls plants. When compared to jasmonic acid (100 µM), the greater concentration of jasmonic acid (1mM) showed more effective. Use of jasmonic acid against devastating diseases seems to hold a more promising future in the pest management and agriculture sector.

The dental environment is associated with significant amount of risk for exposure to various micro- organisms. Infection control is one of the prime elements of a successful dental practice. There are many infectious diseases that can be transmitted in a dental environment. New diseases with serious consequences and a high rate of transmission have evolved in the recent past. Infection control is directed at prevention to exposure of such infections and also to prevent it being transferred from person to person. Purpose: The goal of an infection control program is to provide a safe working environment for dental health care personnel and their patients. Practitioners can achieve this by adopting measures that reduce health care-associated infections among patients and occupational exposures among dental health care personnel. It is crucial for all dental practitioners to be up to date on current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines, equipment, and techniques for proper infection control. Continuous evaluation of infection control practices is important. Patients and dental providers should be confident that oral health care can be delivered and received in a safe manner. Summary: Most steps in infection control routine are directed at prevention of contact with infectious agent. Personal protection barriers are of great significance in this process. Various methods like sterilization, decontamination and disinfection are indispensable. The WHO and CDC have issued certain guidelines regarding prevention and dealing with certain infective conditions. Dentists need to update themselves about these guidelines, to be able to administer these policies effectively. Use of disposable items may be expensive but is an effective and simple means of infection control. More and more disposable items are being inducted into dental practices especially critical items like needles, syringe etc. With careful evaluation and analysis, infection control routine can be employed in daily practice with the resources available. Constant monitoring and evaluation of infection control routines is required for good effectiveness.

Tuberculosis is a tropical pathology caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. Public heath problem in developing countries with a polymorphous clinical picture. OBSERVATION: It was a 67-day-old infant, weighing 3350 g, admitted for fever, whining, hacking cough, prostration for which traditional treatment based on chest massage and medical treatment at home was unsuccessful. The clinical examination revealed conjunctival pallor, dry skin, a temperature of 38°3c, and a bulging anterior fontanelle. The blood count returned to 11000/Fields. Faced with this picture, a neonatal infection or meningitis was mentioned. An initial treatment based on dual antibiotics (Ampicillin, Gentamicin) was administered without success. The evolution was marked by the persistence of the cough, respiratory distress and the lumbar puncture suggesting neonatal tuberculosis placed under protocol 2 RHZ(E) /10RE. After 22 days, the infant died.

I present a general and personal view of the various aspects in which Man is and should be studied. The main problem lies in the lack of a fully accepted definitions of consciousness and ‘normal’ state of consciousness. The concepts of personality and consciousness are discussed. The most important issues in the study of consciousness are highlighted. The concepts of the field of consciousness and bandwidth are presented and discussed in relation with memory recovery and the processing capacity of the brain. The similarities and differences of consciousness, mind, and psyche are listed. The mind-brain problem is presented, and the many possible relationships are defined and commented. We highlighted some new topics such as the need and importance of being able to access all stored memories to become a more ‘complete’ Homo sapiens. Some possible non-physical components are briefly mentioned.

Background: The extensor tendons are particularly vulnerable to trauma because their superficial location in a clenched fist, the thin mobile subcutaneous tissue offers little protection, and lacerations of the extensor tendons are common over joints that are easily exposed to contamination. Objective: To assess the evaluation of the postoperative early active mobilization protocol of extensor tendon repair at zone (V-VII). Methods: In this prospective study was carried out at Orthopedic Dept., 250 Bed General Hospital, Kishoreganj, Bangladesh from January to June 2023. Total 40 cases of fresh injury of extensor tendon at zone V to VII were treated. A protocol of early active mobilization was undertaken, using an easy to follow rehabilitation plan. Routine history taking with details of the injury, the object causing the injury, the dominant hand and the position during the injury, Physical examination, included the zone, and the possible tendons involved together with any associated injury. Results: Forty patients of fresh extensor tendon injuries were included in this study, their ages ranged from 20 to 55 years. There were 33 males (82.5%) and 7 females (17.5%). The dominant hand was involved in 29 of patients (72.5%). The nature of injuries was sharp cut in 34 patients (85%), with crush injuries in 6 patients (15%). The most common site of injuries was zone VI, VII and zone V respectively, and the most common tendon injured was EDC, EI, and EDM. Only 7 patients (17.5%) had single tendon injury, While 33 patients (82.5%) had multiple tendon injuries. At the end of the 6th weeks post operatively, the overall outcome result are summarized. Conclusion: The early mobilization of repaired extensor tendon reduces the formation of adhesion as compared to rigid immobilization. We recommend the use of this protocol following extensor tendon repair in the hand at zone V, VI, and VII in cooperative patient. It will give fairly acceptable results.

Basketball was invented in 1891 by James Naismith, a professor of physical education in Springfield, Massachusetts. It has a history of 130 years and is one of the most popular sports in the world. In the United States, the number of people who have played basketball at least once in a year in 2021-2021 will exceed 27 million people per year. The International Federation of Basketball Associations estimates that at least 450 million people around the world participate in this sport. In my country, the general basketball population in China is 125 million, accounting for about 1/4 of the total global basketball population, and the core basketball population is 76.1 million. It can be seen that basketball Sports are very popular in our country. The National Basketball Association (NBA) game is recognized as the highest level of professional basketball in the world. From 2001 to 2022, the total revenue of the NBA league will reach 10.02 billion US dollars. In recent years, many new technologies have been applied to basketball training and competitions. The "14th Five-Year Plan for Sports Development" issued by the State Sports General Administration in October 2021 clearly stated that information technology is widely used in the field of sports. The 14th Yao Ming, deputy to the 1st National People's Congress and chairman of the Chinese Basketball Association, said that Chinese basketball should take the "digital road". The digitalization of artificial intelligence is of great importance to improving the technical level of athletes, reducing sports injuries, enhancing game enjoyment, attracting fans, and promoting the development of basketball-related industries. significance. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that enables computers to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence. Machine learning is a subset of artificial intelligence that automatically improves the performance of computing programs by learning patterns in data and has been successfully applied in various fields. The advantage of artificial intelligence is that it can quickly analyze and process massive data, and data analysis methods are continuously improved, enabling users to obtain important information that is difficult to obtain by manual methods. It is without a doubt one of the most promising technologies for the future of humanity, and its benefits are extending to the world of sports. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the application of artificial intelligence in the field of basketball.

Raja Ram Mohan Roy was a rational and progressive social reformer of modern India. The contemporary societal condition of Ram Mohan was that the common people were misled in several ways by the priest in the name of religion. The conventionally accepted rituals and customs were used as instrumentally to make the Brahmans benefited. They used their fabricated words in society in the name of scriptures and it is consequently resulting to the common people used to follow those instructions blindly. That time, Upanishads was not available in Bengali Language. Since Ram, Mohan Roy translated the Upanishads and core Sanskrit texts into Bengali language and made the common people conscious about their scriptural essence. In addition, the common person able to capture the essence of religion. He was clamor against the hitherto existing ritualism has been practicing in Hinduism. He exposed that the Upanishads do not preach any kind of idol worship. Actually, Ram Mohan wished to develop a rationalistic attitude among the common people of the society and presents a new direction of Hinduism that is called Neo-Hinduism. The present paper intends to depict the image of Hindu religion contemporary to Ram Mohan and how he brought a renaissance through firmly criticizing the dogmatically accepted rituals of Hinduism.

Chinua Achebe’s, the third novel, Arrow of God centralizes around the struggle for power and authority between the African and Colonial traditions. Ezeulu, the Chief Priest of God Ulu is the protagonist who is in quest of wielding an absolute power throughout the novel. It is the study of psychology of power which incessantly switches directions, but can never be wholly acquired or seized. Achebe wavers between representing the good sides and bad sides of Christianity and Igbo religion reflecting his own ambivalence and split consciousness. To apply Freud’s theory to Achebe, we can say that Achebe had a wish to become English-like and to run away from everything that is native. On the other hand, a part of him rejects the white standards and clings to native ones. These two wishes overlap and integrate in his unconscious producing a creative writer whose ego-ideals are revealed in his writings wavering between the two cultures and their languages. His novel, Arrow of God criticizes and praises both his people and his colonizers simultaneously because of not being able to identify with either. Achebe’s own unconscious is reflected through the central character, Ezeulu who is also fascinated by the power of white man and his customs. The criticism of his native people never disturbed his mind. He goes against his obligations least concerning and considers his power as a device to accomplish his decisions. Towards the end of the novel, we witness him alienated both from his native culture and his white friends succumbing to tragedy. The Psychological Realism in the Arrow of God represents Freud’s three elements of personality - id, ego and superego controlling the basic needs, reality and morality. The mind is not the physical thing one can see through, but the effects of the actions of the mind on people’s lives are felt physically in the novel. Each character undergoes an unconscious thought process leading to anxiety and the eventual repression of thoughts.

The research concerns the formation of new identity models and value orientations under the influence of digital technologies. This article distinguishes two fields of digital technology use: organization of everyday life and formation of digital identity. Moreover, the object of the research is the formation of digital identity. Based on the content analysis of social networks, two models of digital identity are differentiated: positive and negative digital “Selves”, which compose a transformable digital identity. A point of view is put forward that under the influence of the above-mentioned analysis, new value orientations are formed, which are not universal, but transformable.

Background: CKD may be defined as either kidney damage or glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/mm/1.73 m2 for more than three months. Kidney damage is defined as pathological abnormalities or marks of damage including abnormalities in blood, urine, and imaging test. Objective: To analyze the changes in cortical thickness of the kidney and, the size of the kidney with progression to CKD. Methods: This study, conducted between May 2021 to April 2022, employed a retrospective cross-sectional design within the ultrasound department of a Tertiary Hospital. The study involved 200 CKD patients with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of < 60 ml/min. Serum creatinine estimation was performed alongside blood tests on the same day as ultrasonography, which assessed echogenicity, parenchymal thickness, cortical thickness, and longitudinal length. All gathered data were recorded in the pro forma. Results: The patient cohort had an average age of 54.62±13.3 years. Mean serum creatinine showed significant variance across echogenicity grades (p=0.0005). Comparable trends were observed for mean parenchymal thickness (p=0.0005), mean longitudinal length (p=0.0005), and mean corticomedullary distinction (p=0.0005). A statistically significant highly positive correlation emerged between serum creatinine and cortical echogenicity grading (r=0.915, p = 0.0005). Conclusion: Renal cortical echogenicity, particularly its grading, exhibited the most substantial correlation with serum creatinine among various sonographic parameters like longitudinal length, parenchymal thickness, and cortical thickness in CKD patients. As renal cortical echogenicity's irreversible nature contrasts with serum creatinine levels, it stands as a viable parameter for renal function assessment.