Objective: The aim of the study was to identify biomarkers in women diagnosed with Toxoplasmosis. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted between February 2022 and March 2023, and it focused on detecting Toxoplasma gondii in 100 female patients with a history of repeated abortion, aged between 18 and 43 years. The patients receiving treatment were present at two educational hospitals located in Baghdad. The diagnosis was established through the utilization of Immunochromatography and ELISA techniques. Blood samples were gathered from every individual, along with 30 healthy controls matched for age. The study measured the concentrations of Interleukin-10, Lactic acid Dehydrogenase, Total protein, Albumin, and Globulin in the patients' and controls' sera. Results: The findings revealed that 45 cases exhibited the presence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG, while 76 cases displayed the presence of anti- Toxoplasma IgM, out of the 100 women with a history of abortion and Toxoplasma infection. This was determined using immunochromatography methods, on the other hand, utilizing the ELISA methods, anti-Toxoplasma IgG was detected in 40 cases, and anti-Toxoplasma IgM was detected in 42 cases. Conclusions: The findings revealed elevated levels of IL- 10, Lactic acid Dehydrogenase, Total protein, and Globulin in the patients' sera, along with decreased levels of Albumin compared to the healthy controls.

Legislations on corporate criminal responsibility often arise out of a pressing crisis, public outrage and the desire to be seen to have acted. However, the eventual enforcement of such legislation is often more weaker than originally promised. Despite the introduction of corporate criminal responsibility into the Cameroonian legal system, there are both institutional and human influences that have marked its development and implementation. It’s likely that external factors are able to affect the final content of the legislation and its implementation. This article analyses the external influences that have affected and which continue to affect the development of corporate criminal responsibility in Cameroon. This article also hails the insertion of corporate criminal responsibility in the revised Penal Code of 12 July 2016 as well as in other specific sectoral legislations. However, this article opines that the law poses very glaring challenges with regards to the imputation of corporate criminal liability and some practical challenges linked with the execution of some categories of sanctions which are not unconnected with the influences of some external parties. This article concludes with the call for the enactment of a specific corporate criminal code as well as the revision of the criminal procedure code in order to insert procedural provisions specific to corporate responsibility in Cameroon.

Background: Preventing cervical cancer hinges on accurately detecting and treating high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2+) in individuals referred due to abnormal cervical cytology. While colposcopy has been a cornerstone in this process, concerns have arisen regarding its accuracy in CIN detection and differentiation. This study aims to assess the role of colposcopy in diagnosing and distinguishing various grades of CIN in clinically suspected patients. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, over 12 months from February 2019 to February 2020. The study involved 110 women aged 20-70 years who presented with clinical symptoms indicative of precancerous cervical lesions. Initial evaluations included visual inspection with 5% acetic acid (VIA) and Reid colposcopy. Biopsy samples were collected from the identified lesions using the colposcope, and these samples underwent histopathological examination. The study compared the diagnostic accuracy of colposcopy, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. Results: Colposcopic evaluations revealed that 80% of the participants exhibited positive lesions (CIN), while 20% displayed negative lesions (normal cervix or cervicitis). Among the colposcopically positive lesions, 50% were graded as CIN-1, 29.5% as CIN-2, and 20.5% as CIN-3. Subsequent histopathological examination of the colposcopy-directed biopsies confirmed CIN or dysplasia in 44.5% of cases. Within this group, 36.7% had CIN-1, 34.7% had CIN-2, 12.2% had CIN-3, 10.2% had invasive squamous cell carcinoma, and 6.2% had carcinoma in situ. Colposcopy demonstrated a sensitivity of 83.7% in diagnosing CIN, with a specificity of 23%, resulting in an overall diagnostic accuracy of 55%. However, when differentiating high-grade CIN from low-grade lesions, colposcopy exhibited a high sensitivity of 92.3% and moderate specificity of 67.7%, with an overall diagnostic accuracy of 75%. Conclusion: This study concludes that colposcopy is highly sensitive in diagnosing CIN but has limited specificity in excluding patients with normal cervix or cervicitis. Nevertheless, it exhibits optimal sensitivity in differentiating CIN2+ and carcinoma in situ from low-grade lesions and maintains moderate specificity in excluding low-grade CIN. Colposcopy remains a valuable tool in preventing and managing cervical cancer, particularly in identifying high-risk lesions.

Educational management plays the most important role in the implementation of social justice in education. In the past years, education management has achieved many achievements, however, with the requirement of fundamental reform, comprehensive education and training, ensuring social justice, this work is also have certain limitations. Based on that situation, the article proposes solutions to improve state management capacity in education to ensure fairness for elementary school students today.

Lemna solid waste dumpsites is found within cities of Calabar and due to poor and ineffective management, the dumpsites turn to sources of serious concern to the people living in the vicinity of the site. Polluted air, leachate release from the site to the ground water, activities of scavengers in the site, bad odour, incubation and proliferation of flies, mosquitoes, and rodents; that, in turn, are disease transmitters with their effect on population’s health, has its organic defenses in a formative and creative state. This study therefore sought to evaluate the health implication of Lemna dumpsite in Calabar on the residents living around the site. Data were collected from 309 household heads, through the use of self- administered questionnaires. Households’ heads were selected through the use of simple random sampling technique. Data collected were subjected to analysis using principal component factor analysis. Result shows that cardiovascular diseases, birth defects, immune system defects, weakening of lungs functions, lung cancer, kidney problems, liver disease, skin cancer, stomach infections, liver failure, kidney failure and polio have the highest loading in factor one meaning that there are not prevalence in the study area although there are in existence as seen from the communalities loadings. Whereas, typhoid, cholera, dysentery, malaria and stomach ulcer were the prevalence sickness in the environment because they have the highest factor loadings in factor two. On the severity if such sickness in the study area, it was seen that households only visit hospital often due to the following health condition; birth defects, immune system defects, kidney problems, liver disease, skin cancer, stomach infections, cholera, malaria, dysentery, stomach, ulcer, and typhoid because the above mentioned sicknesses have the highest loadings in factor one (often visit hospital). Conversely, cardiovascular disease, weakening of lungs functions, lung cancer, liver failure, kidney failure and polio have highest factor loading in factor two, meaning that although there is occurrence of this sicknesses in the study area, households rarely visit hospital because of such health condition. Therefore, the study recommends recycling of solid waste, waste to energy incineration, anaerobic digestion, compositing/organic waste recycling, and advanced technologies as waste management control should be encourage in Calabar instead of the use of dumpsite.

Background: Urinary Tract Infections are a serious health problem affecting millions of people each year. Catheter associated urinary tract infection is one of the most common health care acquired infections encounter in clinical practice. The most common hospital acquired infection is catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) accounting for almost 40% of all the nosocomial infections [2, 3, 5]. The most important predisposing factors of Catheter associated urinary tract infection is the insertion and prolonged use of indwelling urinary catheter, which has been performed by unsterile technique and by not taking adequate measure to maintain cleanliness of the catheter. Objective: The aim was to assess the level of nurses’ knowledge and practice regarding the prevention of catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi. Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study design was used and sample size 110 that was simple random sampling technique followed those who meet the inclusion criteria and to assess the nurses knowledge regarding prevention of catheter associated urinary tract infection at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi. The study was conducted from July 2021 to December, 2022. The instruments for data collection were a semi-structured questionnaire which composed of three parts: Demographic variables, knowledge and practice based information on prevention of catheter associated urinary tract infection. Results: The findings revealed that the highest, 67% were within 31-40 years of age, and 59% were professional education with Diploma in Nursing. This study's main findings revealed the average 47% were high level of knowledge regarding the prevention of CAUTI. It’s may due to their clinical experiences. Conclusion: Catheter associated urinary tract infections is one of the most common health care associated infections as literature said but can be prevented. According to the results of this study, some nurses have shown a good implementation of different practices towards catheter indications and CAUTI prevention. The present study concludes that a significant proportion of respondents have a high level of nurse knowledge and practice regarding the CAUTI prevention.

Background: The contraceptive method is essential in promoting maternal and child health. It improves health through adequate birth spacing, avoiding pregnancy at high-risk maternal ages, and high parity. It is often used as a synonym for birth control, however. Objective: The aim was to assess the level of Knowledge and Practice Regarding Contraceptive Methods among married couples attending at Mother and Child welfare center in Bogura. Methodology: This is a descriptive type of cross-sectional study design that was used, and a 120 sample size that was a purposive sampling technique followed by those who meet the inclusion criteria to assess the Knowledge and Practice Regarding Contraceptive Methods among married couples. The instruments for data collection were a semi-structured questionnaire and a self-report method composed of three parts: Demographic variables, knowledge, and practice-based information on Contraceptive Methods. Results: The present study's findings revealed that the majority of the 59% were within <25 years, 90% were Muslim, and 85% were housewives. Regard the knowledge revealed that the average low level regarding the use of contraceptive methods among married couples. It is expected that the study will provide a better understanding of the uses of contraceptive methods. Conclusion: This can be achieved by providing educational and motivational activities and improvement in family planning services needed to promote contraceptive methods. The present study concluded that a significant proportion of respondents have a low level of knowledge and practice regarding contraceptive methods.

Background: Antimicrobial resistance in Enterococcus species is a growing global concern. These bacteria, commonly found in the human gut, have resisted multiple antibiotics, making infections harder to treat. This poses a significant challenge for healthcare as it limits treatment options and highlights the urgent need for responsible antibiotic use and the development of new therapies. Aim of the study: The study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of Enterococcus Species at a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional research occurred at Sample collected from deferent laboratories situated in rangpur and test/research perform, Department of Microbiology in prime institute of science and medical technology (PRISMET), Rangpur During March’ 2022 to March’ 2023. It spanned one year from [start date] to [end date]. The primary goal was to evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of enterococci. Throughout the study, 1,450 samples were collected from various sources, including urine, blood, pus, swabs, and fluids. However, only 62 Enterococci isolates were successfully obtained. Standard microbiological protocols, such as microscopy and culture, were rigorously followed during sample processing. All clinical samples received at the Microbiology laboratory during the study were considered for inclusion. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Excel and presented with tables and graphs, while SPSS was employed for statistical analysis. Result: The study population primarily consisted of patients aged 36-75 (77.42%), averaging 52.01 years. Gender distribution was skewed towards males (59.68%). Enterococcus spp. They have dominated the microbial species (64.52%), with E. faecalis (14.52%) and E. faecium (11.29%) being prevalent. Urine samples were the most common (66.13%), followed by pus (11.29%) and swab (9.68%). Antibiotic susceptibility analysis showed varying results, with amoxicillin being sensitive in 87.10% of cases, while Cefixime, Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, and Cefotaxime exhibited over 96% resistance. Conclusion: This study highlights the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Enterococcus species at a Bangladeshi tertiary care hospital. Once harmless, these bacteria now pose a severe risk to public health. Our research shows that E. faecalis and E. faecium have become resistant to many common antibiotics, particularly cephalosporins, urging immediate antibiotic stewardship and infection control. To combat this global health threat, we must explore novel treatments and employ a multidisciplinary approach to protect patients and healthcare systems from Enterococcus infections.

Background: Cancer is one of the most dreaded human diseases, that has become an ever-increasing health problem and is a prime cause of death globally. Munga, also known as Moringa oleifera Lam., is one of the most significant plants grown extensively in India. This plant, Moringa oleifera Lam, is used extensively as a dietary supplement and has valuable pharmacological properties including anti-asthmatic, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, anti-oxidant, cardiovascular, anti-ulcer, CNS activity, anti-allergic, wound healing, analgesic, and antipyretic action. This plant has great therapeutic properties in every area. It is a good source of milk protein, vitamin A, and vitamin C. Alkaloids, protein, quinine, saponins, flavonoids, tannin, steroids, glycosides, fixed oil, and lipids are only a few examples of the several active phytoconstituents that are present. Aim: The current work sought to elucidate the molecular basis for Niazinin A antiproliferative activity against the VEGF-1 & AURKA, which functions as a proinflammatory factor in proliferation. Method: A molecular docking method was employed in the current work to look for VEGFR-1 & AURKA protein inhibitors. The binding was determined by the Auto Dock software utilising a grid-based docking method. Results: The molecular docking result revealed that Niazinin A showed encouraging docking score. The docking score found to be -7& -6.11 for VEGF-1 & AURKA kcal mol–1 respectively. Conclusion: The interaction of ligand hits to targeted site and docking score finding it can be predicted that Niazinin A found in the plants Moringa exhibited good inhibitor of VEGF-1 & AURKA protein.

A large number of people particularly the women and the children are being trafficked and smuggled to many countries including India and Malaysia by some organized gangs of human traffickers every year. Human Trafficking causes huge suffering to victims of trafficking ignoring and violating human right values and provoking the victims giving false statements. A trend of human trafficking is increasing day by day in various forms like the sexual exploitation, forced labor, begging, delinquency and adoption, on the other hand, poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, ignorance, drug addiction, cross border trade, dowry, child marriage and social curses have so far been identified as the main reasons behind human trafficking. Terming the human trafficking is the heinous crime. It should be emphasized on creating much awareness to vulnerable people specially those are interested to go to abroad as workers, access to need base information and pre-departure orientation along with bringing the recruitment agencies under proper sensitization program, more legal aid farms should come ahead to support the victims legally for compensation from convicted people in this sector. It should be principal agendum to the SAARC country to form Joint Naval and Coast Guards for stopping human trafficking by sea. This article focuses on some cases and recommendations to upgrade the situation.

The success of any organization is contingent upon the implementation of effective financial management practices. This article provides a detailed analysis of financial management, highlighting its nature as a network of interconnected activities that necessitate coordinated efforts from investors, creditors, and managers. This study analyses the role of financial management in organizations and its contribution to achieving economic optimization. Based on a comprehensive examination of scholarly literature, the present research study delineates the fundamental components that underpin effective financial management, including planning, budgeting, forecasting, and monitoring. This statement underscores the significance of fostering transparent communication and synchronized efforts among all stakeholders engaged in financial decision- making processes. Through diligent monitoring of financial performance, financial management may ensure that a company optimizes the utilization of its available resources. The article paper emphasizes the importance of effective leadership in the realm of financial management. Skilled managers are adept at navigating an organization. Many economic relationships are essential for achieving effective financial management. The article offers significant insights into the optimization of financial management procedures within firms by studying critical components of this field.

Background: Prostaglandins have a central role in the cervical ripening and parturition, and have been widely used for induction of labor (IOL). This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and safety of Dinoprostone vaginal tape (Propess) over Dinoprostone vaginal tablets (Prostin) for IOL and find which has better outcome to be applied in clinical practice. Participants and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted via reviewing of medical records of multipara women admitted to King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh between January-2021 and December-2022 for IOL by Propess or Prostin. Results: A total of 87 multipara women were included in the study; 39 (44.8%) were treated by Propess and 48 (55.2%) were treated by Prostin for IOL. Full dilatation of the cervix after induction of labour was reported among majority of women (94.2%): being 92.1% among women treated with Propess and 95.8% among those treated with Prostin, however, this difference was not statistically significant, p>0.05. Regarding mode of delivery, normal spontaneous vaginal delivery was reported among 84.9% of women; 86.8% among women treated with Propess and 83.3% among those treated with Prostin while emergency cesarean section delivery was reported among 10.5% of women; 7.9% among women treated with Propess and 12.5% among those treated with Prostin. However, these differences were not statistically significant, p>0.05. Conclusion: The success rate of IOL among multipara women was high; however, no difference was reported between Propess and Prostin as regards the effectiveness (maximum cervical dilatation) and safety (rate of emergency cesarean section).

The little or no knowledge of the philosopher Alfred Baeumler on the part of those who are not German speaking makes it imperative to present various facets of his thought for a fair and correct evaluation of his philosophical activity. Therefore, here we present the first English version of the text 'The Solitude of Nietzsche', along with some comments on the 'haste' of some post-1945 writers to present Nietzsche as a fundamental pillar of National Socialism, a matter that is not clear for lack of scientifically convincing evidence.

Introduction: Preeclampsia is an advanced objection characterized by the new start of hypertension and proteinuria or the new start of hypertension and important end-organ dysfunction with or without proteinuria in the last half of the prenatal period or post-delivery. Long-term, patients with preeclampsia are at enhanced risk for developing cardiovascular and renal disease. The aim of the study was to evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcomes in women suffering from preeclampsia. Methods: A case-control study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka from July 2020 to June 2021. A total number of one hundred twelve pregnant women (N=112), were enrolled in the study and fifty-six (n=56) were included as preeclampsia (Cases) and another fifty-six (n=56) were enrolled as normotensives (Controls). Data were collected using the predesigned semi-structured questionnaire. Verbal consent was taken before recruiting the study population. Completed data forms were reviewed, edited, and processed for computer data entry. The data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25.0. Result: Respondents' mean age was 27.35 ± 4.85 (case) & 26.46 ± 4.86(control) years. Maximum study subjects had only primary education. The majority of the respondents were homemakers in all groups. Respondents' mean gestational age was 36.28 ± 2.12 (case) & 36.57 ± 1.82 (control) weeks respectively and was significant in both case and control groups (p=.001). There was no statistical difference according to gravida found between the cases and controls. Based on maternal outcomes, delivery by cesarean section was greater in cases than in controls (p<0.001), &eclampsia (p<0.001) and PPH (p=0.002) were significantly lower in controls than cases. Based on the neonatal outcome, birth weight was significantly lower in cases than in controls (p=0.020), and stillbirth was significantly lower in controls than cases (p=0.042). Conclusion: Preeclampsia may be linked to complications with the placenta initially in the pregnancy. A very little amount of maternal complications and fetal complications rose in this current analysis and the result of the findings was satisfactory.

The current study intends to objectively assess the English-language publications from the Google Scholar database in relation to student involvement and academic performance over the time period from early 2013 to 2023. The research uses a bibliometric approach and the program VOSviewer to describe the composition and evolution of the field. When searching the Google scholar database for the terms student involvement and academic success, thousands of documents come up. 50 papers were eventually found by the search engine. Aim of the current study is to visualize the relationship between student engagement and academic performance in online education using VOSviewer software.