West Asian region is viewed as the most significant region from a variety of perspectives. The area has long served as a strategically important, commercially significant, politically active, and culturally sensitive focus of international affairs. Thus present study will try to examine the comparative analysis between India’s trade relations with the World with special focus on GCC & Non-GCC countries of West Asian region since 1991. The paper comprises the nations of Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Israel, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (U.A.E.), Yemen, Egypt, etc. Additionally, the study seeks to identify areas of convergence in India's exports within the region, shedding light on the intricate economic interdependencies that have shaped India's relationship with West Asian countries. By doing so, it aims to provide insights into strategic alignments, economic synergies, and potential growth avenues. Understanding these convergence points is crucial for formulating informed policies and strategies that align with India's broader economic and geopolitical objectives.

Background: CLL is an adult leukemia presented with a clonal accumulation of lymphocytes. Immunophenotypic changes can be effective in predicting clinical course, the survival of patients, and determining first-line treatment. Methodology: The current research used lymphoma data obtained from El-Obeid Oncology Center. Included were details pertaining to lymphoma patients who received their diagnoses between January 2018 and January 2020. One hundred patients, including sixty-one with CLL and forty-nine without, made up the full coverage sample. Immunohistochemistry and molecular analyses were conducted on a subset of individuals. Additionally, several patients underwent flow cytometry analysis for some CD markers as well as microRNA prediction. Results: CD19 was shown to be positively expressed in all CLL patients studied (100%), while 88% of non-CLL patients also showed the same expression. Ninety-three percent of the CLL patients and nine percent of the non-CLL patients examined showed CD5-positive expressions. Only 16.7% of CLL patients and 66.7% of non-CLL patients tested positive for CD22. Among the CLL patients studied, 92.3% showed CD23 positive expressions, while no non-CLL patients did. Every single patient with CLL and every single patient without CLL tested negative for CD38. We observed the presence of FMC70 in 16.7% of the analyzed CLL samples and in two out of the three non-CLL cases. We evaluated the predictive significance of microRNA in a cohort of 12 patients, finding that around 83% showed positive expression. Conclusion: CLL is more prevalent in Sudan than the reported global epidemiology and more common among elder men than non-CLL variants. According to the molecular prognostic markers, CLL has bad prognostic indicators.

Background: Uterine rupture is linked to high rates of maternal mortality, especially in developing countries. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the factors contributing to uterine rupture and the resulting neonatal outcomes in Sudan. Methodology: This study comprised of a series of 26 women presented with uterine rupture to the department of maternity at El-Obeid Teaching Hospital, El-Obeid, North Kordofan state, Sudan. The patients presented within one-year time. Results: In this particular group of patients, the neonatal population exhibited the following distribution: 19.2% (5 out of 26) were classified as Alive and well (WA), 23% (6 out of 26) required admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), 46.2% (12 out of 26) presented with Fresh Still Birth (FSB), and 11.6% (3 out of 26) displayed manifestations of Macerated Still Birth (MSB). Conclusion: Various factors can impact the outcomes of neonates following uterine rupture, such as the availability of facilities and demographic factors. The majority of newborns delivered showed unfavorable conditions.

Batteries are becoming an essential component of many different applications, such as memory backup, clocks, calculators, lighting, portable electronic devices, and photographic equipment, advancements in the electronics sector. Pure metal nanoparticles can be created either destructively or constructively using metal precursors. Because of the plasma resonance feature, it has special opto-electrical properties. Size, shape, and fact govern the metal nanoparticles replicate. Silver, gold, iron, cobalt, zinc, copper, and cadmium nanoparticles are the most prevalent metal nanoparticles. The electrical characteristics of the flower-shaped nanostructure when connected to the Pt nanoparticles are noticeably better than the typical electro-catalytic characteristics of the spherical nanoparticles. Transitional metal oxides are considered vital materials in industry because of their vast variety of magnetic, thermal, chemical, and electrical characteristics, as demonstrated by the evaluation of functional inorganic solids. The corrosive resistance of the metal at high voltages should be taken into account. Al and Ti are therefore excellent options because of the inert layer that forms on their surfaces at high potential. Building a porous metal current collector is therefore crucial to stabilizing alkali metal anodes with improved cycle and safety performance.

Alfred Baeumler made some interesting contributions to education from the point of view of the community. He states for example, that intellectualism is the main prejudice of environmental thinking with regard to the educational process. Also, only where man is recognized in his reality and educated according to this reality can the science of education arise in a permanent form. He also discusses the concept of community in Rousseau, Fichte and Pestalozzi. Finally, Schiller’s Wallenstein and Goethe’s Iphigenia in Tauris are commented.

This paper investigates the heat transfer of multi-layer coated tools. An analogous coating layer technique is used to compare multi-layered coated tools to mono-layer coating tools and develop a heat transfer model for mono-layered coating tools. The equivalent heat capacity, density, and thermal conductivity of the coating are determined based on the geometric size, initial conditions, and boundary conditions, given the tool rake face temperature. The heat transfer efficiency of the multilayer coating is significantly influenced by the coating layers, the thickness of the layer, and the coating material. The results show that the equivalent coating layer approach is suitable for calculating coating temperature enhancement in the cutting heat transfer. The calculation of cutting temperatures for multilayer-coated tools was conducted and subsequently compared to experimental findings, revealing an error margin of around 10%. The findings of this study indicate that analytical models are also suitable for modelling cutting temperatures in multi- layer coating designs.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health issue due to its prevalence and catastrophic health effects. Synthetic hypoglycemic agents can treat diabetes, but they have side effects. Therefore, natural remedies for diabetes are now gaining popularity. Marine benthic algae are rich in phytochemicals and other bioactive compounds. Inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes in-vitro and lower blood glucose levels in-vivo during fasting and postprandial testing imply seaweed extracts and their bioactive ingredients may treat diabetes. This study investigated the phytochemical properties of Asparagopsis taxiformis from the southern part of St. Martin Island in Bangladesh and examined the anti-diabetic activity of its 50% ethanolic extracts in-vitro and in-vivo. After establishing traditional phytochemical presence, total phenolic and flavonoid content was estimated, and an in-vitro alpha-amylase inhibitory activity test was performed. In-vitro anti-diabetic investigation shows that 50% ethanolic extract of Asparagopsis taxiformis reduces diabetes less than acarbose. In-vivo anti-diabetic tests also showed similar results compared to the control group when their blood glucose level was measured. After 14 days of treatment with the 50% ethanolic extract of Asparagopsis taxiformis, the treated group of mice didn’t show any considerable lowering activity when their body weight, lipid profile, kidney function, and liver function (SGPT, SGOT) were compared to the control group. Though Asparagopsis taxiformis has manifold benefits, 50% ethanolic extract of this alga didn’t show any antidiabetic properties suggesting more studies in different solvents are required to evaluate the antidiabetic properties.

HIV can cause numerous health-related complications, which can lead to disabilities that affect the quality of life. Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to conduct a thorough investigation of the potential effects of a sedentary lifestyle (SDL) on the cardio-motor profile of Hispanic Latinos living with HIV. Methods: A submaximal cardiovascular test (Ross Test) was conducted to obtain cardiomotor results. Retrospective data was collected from the cardiomotor data, which was collected from records of members enrolled at the HIV fitness center in San Juan, Puerto Rico. Results: Two hundred ninety-one participants were designated 250 in the non-SD and SD groups. The SD group displayed a comparable Cd4 count value (626.3+/-334.5) to the non-SD group (677.9+/-453.1). Both groups had comparable CD4 counts. An ANOVA comparison determined variations in the SD group, with a reduced treadmill inclination distinguished from the counterpart. Conclusion: Motor parameters are deficient in patients with both conditions. It seems the more challenging gait motor components are the first signs of those surviving with HIV who live an SDL. We encourage healthcare providers to incorporate specific cardio-motor items alluded to in this investigation to identify the process influencing gait that further alters the quality of life of those with HIV.

A water birth is a type of delivery when the mother labours and delivers the baby in a warm pool or bathtub. This review article seeks to present a thorough overview of water birth, covering its potential advantages, potential risks, and the body of existing research. We examine the physiological mechanics underlying water birth, the benefits it provides to both the mother and the newborn, as well as the potential drawbacks and ethical dilemmas surrounding this method. To assist medical professionals and expectant parents in making knowledgeable decisions about water birth, a critical analysis of the pertinent literature is offered.

High-fidelity simulation (HFS) stands out as a pivotal asset in nursing education, particularly for honing medication administration skills. This review, aligned with PRISMA guidelines, analyzed 148 studies spanning 2012 to 2023, with only seven meeting inclusion criteria. Despite methodological limitations in the selected studies, a consistent trend suggests that HFS significantly enhances knowledge, competence, and confidence in safe medication administration among undergraduate nursing students. Importantly, the selection of HFS or other approaches should be contingent upon specific goals and intended learning outcomes. Notably, intervention groups consistently outperformed control groups, underscoring HFS's efficacy in elevating students' capabilities. However, the overall quality of the included studies was moderate, highlighting the need for more robust methodologies in future research. This study underscores HFS as a valuable approach in nursing education, providing essential insights for effective teaching practices. It emphasizes the imperative to consider alternative approaches based on educational goals and learning outcomes while advocating for further research on cost-effectiveness, measurement tools, and optimal simulation session duration.

Asia's first human milk bank was established at SION hospital in Mumbai on November 27, 1989 by Dr. Armida Fernandez, the pioneer of milk banking in India. Approximately 3000 to 5000 newborns receive assistance from this milk bank annually. It takes between 800 and 1200 litres of human milk a year to nourish sick and vulnerable newborns in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. The Human Milk Bank (Comprehensive Lactation Management Centre) provides assistance to new moms so they can pump milk, breastfeed their newborns, and supply extra milk to hospitalised unwell infants. There are now ten operational milk banks in India. A programme known as a "human milk bank" gathers, preserves, and distributes human breast milk following screening. Breast milk is given to sick and preterm newborns who are at risk, as well as in certain cases when mothers are unable to give their kids enough milk. Breastfeeding moms who are unrelated to the babies receiving the milk donated it. There is a screening process that mothers must go through in order to donate their excess breast milk. This includes a health examination and a questionnaire. Every breast milk donation is examined, heated to a high temperature, and then frozen to be given to infants in need.

A pyogenic granuloma is an exophytic inflammatory lesion that can develop in the oral cavity. It is a benign proliferation of capillary blood vessels which causes it to bleed easily. It can often cause difficulty in mastication and trouble in performing oral hygiene procedures. The primary course of treatment is surgical excision combined with meticulous curettage of the surrounding tissues and the elimination of the causing factor. The present case is of a nine-year-old boy who complained of a recurred swelling in the lower front teeth region. After making clinical diagnosis of pyogenic granuloma, diode laser was employed for its excision. There was favorable healing within a week and no-recurrence was seen in one year follow-up. Diode lasers can be utilized for minimally invasive operations that cause less discomfort to patients, improved hemostasis, and no need for suture. This paper describes the successful use of diode laser for excising a recurred pyogenic granuloma with a detailed description of clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic features.

Sickle cell anaemia (SCA) is an inherited blood disorder that is characterized by chronic haemolysis and episodes of many clinical complications. The number of people living with sickle cell disease globally increased from 5.46 million in 2000 to 7.74 million in 2021. This study aimed to investigate the association of glutathione S transferase M1, T1, P1 (GSTM1, GSTT1, GSTP1) gene polymorphisms with SCA complications. This was a case-control and hospital-based study, conducted in the SCA center, Alkuaiti Hospital, North Kordofan state, Sudan. Following informed consent, one hundred twenty-six participants were recruited to this study, 63 were SCA patients attending Alkuaiti Hospital, and 63 age and gender matched apparently healthy individuals as the control group. The full blood count was done using an automated hematological analyzer, genotyping of the GSTM1 and the GSTT1 polymorphisms were determined using multiplex polymerase chain reaction, while genotyping of the GSTP1 was determined using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Complications data were collected from admission and discharge records. 52.4% (n=33) from the case group were male and 47.6% (n=30) were females. The GSTM1 genotypes in the case group showed that the frequency of the GSTM1Null genotype was 57.1% and the GSTM1 present genotype was 42.9%, the GSTM1 genotypes in the control group showed that the frequency of the GSTM1Null genotype was 52.4% and the GSTM1 present genotype was 47.6%. The GSTT1 genotypes in the case group showed that the frequency of the GSTT1 Null genotype was 69.8%, and the GSTT1 present genotype was 30.2%. The GSTT1 genotypes in the control group showed that the frequency of the GSTT1 Null genotype was 49.8%, and the GSTT1 present genotype was 50.2%. The GSTM1 GSTT1 genotypes in the case group showed that the frequency of the GSTM1 GSTT1 Null genotype was 74.6%, and the GSTM1 GSTT1 present genotype was 25.4%. The GSTM1 GSTT1 genotypes in the control group showed that the frequency of the GSTM1 GSTT1 Null genotype was 77.7% and the GSTM1 GSTT1 present genotype was 22.3%. The GSTP1 genotype in the case group showed that the wild-type Ile/Ile was (15.9%), the heterozygous Ile/Val was (66.7%), and the homozygous mutant Val/Val was (17.4%). The GSTP1 genotype in the control group showed that the wild-type Ile/Ile was (3.2%), the heterozygous Ile/Val was (84.1%), and the homozygous mutant Val/Val was (12.7%). There were no statistically significant differences in the Hb, TWBCs, and PLTs between the GSTM1 genotypes (P.value =0.69, 0.47, 0.22) respectively also there were no statistically significant differences in the Hb, TWBCs, and PLTs between the GSTT1 genotypes (P.value = 0.84, 0.45, 0.48) respectively and the GSTM1 GSTT1 genotypes (P.value= 0.53, 0.70, 0.46) respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the Hb, and TWBCs between the GSTP1 genotypes (P.value= 0.15, 0.36) respectively but there was a statistically significant difference in PLTs between the GSTP1 genotypes (P.value= 0.07). The study concluded that there were no statistically significant differences in the GSTM1 and the GSTM1 GSTT1 genotypes between the case group and the control group with (P.value= 0.36, 0.36) respectively and there were statistically significant differences in the GSTT1 and the GSTP1 genotypes between the case group and the control group with (P.value 0.014, 0.02) respectively. The GSTT1 present genotype was significantly associated with acute heart failure (P.value 0.02). The GSTP1 (val val) genotype was significantly associated with painful crisis and hepatomegaly as combined complications (P.value 0.008). The other GSTT1, other GSTP1, and GSTM1 genotypes revealed no significant associations with SCA complications.

Background: One of the most dangerous complications of pregnancy and a major contributor to maternal and perinatal morbidity and death is preeclampsia. The goal of the current study was to measure the level of inflammation in severe preeclampsia by measuring serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and establishing a relationship between hs-CRP and blood pressure. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact high sensitivity C-reactive protein as an independent risk factor for preeclampsia with severe features. Methods: The cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, from July 2022 to June 2023. A total of 200 patients were enrolled and analyzed in this study. The questionnaire was pretested, corrected and finalized. Data were collected by face-to-face interview and analyzed by appropriate computer based programmed software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 24. Results: In this study, majority 95 (47.5%) of the patients were in 21 – 30 years age group and 60 (30.00%) patients were in >30 years age group, Mean±SD of age was 27.12 ± 4.12 years. Most of the patients 150 (75.00%) were housewife and 50 (25.00%) patients were service holder. About 55 (27.5) patients were completed their graduation, 50 (25.00%) were completed higher secondary and 20 (10) were illiterate, most of the patients 145 (72.5%) came from rural area and 55(27.5) patients came from urban area. Nullipara was found in 75 (37.5%) patients and multigravida was found in most of the patients 110 (55.00%). Antenatal care was found irregular in 105 (52.5%) patients. Preterm pregnancy was found in majority 145 (72.5%) of the patients. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were found higher and hsCRP was also found higher in PE with severe features. APGAR score was found less in 65 (32.5%) neonate at birth and APGAR score was found good in 55 (27.5%) neonate at 5 minutes. Average birth weight was found in 75 (37.5%) neonates, LBW was found in 85 (42.5) neonates and very LBW was found in 40 (20.00%) neonates of PE with severe features patients. Intrauterine growth retardation and prematurity were found in 75 (37.5%) and 20 (10.00%) neonates, admission to NICU was needed for 45 (22.5%) neonates, birth asphyxia was found in 15 (7.5%) neonates and stillbirth was occured in 35 (17.5%) cases. Conclusion: An exaggerated systemic inflammatory response, which may produce reactive oxygen species and worsen endothelial dysfunction, is present in preeclampsia. Clinical signs of hypertension and proteinuria in preeclampsia result from this. Preeclampsia-related maternal mortality and systemic complications may be reduced with early identification. hsCRP may therefore be a valuable gauge of preeclampsia severity.

Domestic consumption as the driver of economic growth in any country influences productive activities, employment, and macroeconomic policy decisions. The literature concentrated mostly on income and the interest rate as the determinants of domestic consumption with the recent addition of changes in the real exchange rate and its volatility as critical factors influencing consumption decisions, as countries are becoming open to the global market. However, with the current external debt crisis in Sub-Saharan African countries, this study examined the impact of external debt and exchange rate volatility on domestic consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa in both the short run and long run; sampling twelve Sub-Saharan African countries for the period of 1990–2021. The study utilized a pooled mean group (PMG) estimator of dynamic heterogeneous panel technique and generated exchange rate volatility using generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH). Our study discovered that while external debt service has a huge negative impact on domestic consumption in the long run, the external debt stock has a long-run positive and significant impact on domestic consumption. Moreover, the exchange rate in Sub-Sahara Africa is persistently volatile and its volatility has both positive and negative impacts on domestic consumption. Our study suggests that external debt may be used to stimulate domestic consumption if it is channeled into infrastructure development and productive activities with high yields to service and liquidate the debt while stabilizing the exchange rate.