Mental health practices and services in the Middle East have been profoundly shaped by the region's rich historical and cultural context, intertwined with the traditions of major monotheistic religions. This analytical literature review synthesizes existing scholarly research to examine the historical development of mental health approaches, current challenges and barriers, and potential future implications. Tracing the evolution from ancient practices to the establishment of psychiatric institutions and the integration of Western medicine, the review uncovers the impact of the Middle East's unique heritage on its mental health landscape. Current challenges include pervasive stigma, inadequate training for healthcare professionals, limited access to evidence-based interventions, and cultural barriers hindering open communication. The review explores recommendations such as implementing e-mental health interventions, developing national mental health strategies, collaborating with traditional healers, promoting public education campaigns, providing culturally responsive services and training, and garnering robust government support. By bridging knowledge gaps, challenging systemic barriers, and fostering cross-cultural collaborations, the Middle East can pave the way towards destigmatizing mental health, increasing accessibility, and embracing comprehensive, culturally sensitive support for individuals and communities.

Background: Metachronous colorectal cancer (CRC) is defined as the development of a second primary CRC at least 6 months after the treatment of the first CRC. The reported risk of metachronous CRC within 5 years after surgical resection of the colon and rectum ranges from 2 to 12%, and the risk factors include age, synchronous lesions, location and stage of the first CRC, and family history. Case presentation: We report a rare case of metachronous two colonic cancers arising in ascending and sigmoid colon, A 73-year-old female patient with a history of right hemicolectomy in 2010, developed a metachronous sigmoid cancer in 2023, treated with sigmoidectomy without performing total colectomy (only right hemicolectomy and sigmoidectomy in 13 years apart), followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and close follow-up. Conclusion: This case illustrates the occurrence of metachronous two colonic cancer arising in ascending and sigmoid adenocarcinoma, which is a rare and challenging scenario by avoiding colostomy and total colectomy.

Background: Imposter syndrome is a psychological condition in which a person's fails to acknowledge and recognize their achievements regardless of having proof for fear they might come across as a fraud. Objectives: To find out the rate of imposter syndrome and its relation to grade and gender among medical students. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study conducted between December 2023 and February 2024, among a convenient sample of students from college of medicine, Al –Mustansiriyah University. Data was collected via self – administrated questionnaire based on Clance Imposter Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) to determine the prevalence of imposter syndrome. Results: Five hundred and fifty-three students enrolled in this study. According to Clance IP scale, 281(50.8%) of the study group were designated as moderate Imposter characteristics. The results showed that moderate Imposter characteristics was observed among 109 (46.58%) of male students and 172 (53.92%) of female students. Moreover, intense IP experiences was noticed more among male students (6.41%) in comparison to (4.39%) of female students. The results demonstrated that moderate Imposter characteristics was a shared complained among the four grades students enrolled in the study, as (47%,51.56%,53.41%& 51.85%) of the 2nd ,3rd ,4th and 5th students respectively. Furthermore, 5th grade students reported the highest rate (8.64%) of intense IP experiences in comparison to other grades. Conclusion: The imposter phenomenon exists in a meaningfully high rate among medical students. Both genders are at equivalent risk of having an imposter phenomenon. Medical college administrations need to implemented some interventions that can address this problem and improve the wellness of medical students.

Alchornea cordifolia extract is widely used as ethnomedicine in Ivory coast to treat various ailments related to bacterial, fungal, parasitic and inflammatory disorders, infertility problems, among other. Here, the objective was to evaluate some long lasting neuroprotective properties of Alchornea cordifolia extract against a rat’s model of LPS-induced early-life neuroinflammation. The neuroinflammation was induced with a single dose of LPS (1mg/kg, i.p) in neonatal rats (postnatal day 4) or PBS rats (1ml/100g, vehicle). Six hours later, some LPS rats were treated either with minocycline (50 mg/kg, i.p) or Alchornea cordifolia extract (200 or 400 mg/kg, p.o) for 14 consecutive days. Then, rats were followed carefully till adulthood (P 90) for the evaluation of cognitive behavioral status and oxidative damage level in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Results showed that the treatment with Alchornea cordifolia extract (200 or 400 mg/kg) attenuated LPS-induced deficits of spatial learning and memory (Y-maze and Morris water maze) and recognition memory (Object recognition test). However, only dose of 200 mg/kg of Alchornea cordifolia extract reduced significantly lipid peroxidation through MDA content and enhanced the enzymatic antioxydant SOD level in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. On the whole, the threshold dose 200 mg/kg of Alchornea cordifolia demonstrated long lasting beneficial neuroprotective effects against LPS-induced early-life neuroinflammation incomparable to reference molecule minocycline. This findings suggest that Alchornea cordifolia rich in quercitrin bioactive need further biochemical and histopathology studies before promising as efficient therapeutic agent against neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases.

This research paper attempt to explore the awareness level of B. Ed. College Teachers in West Bengal, India, regarding copyright laws for e-content protection as an important aspect of intellectual property rights education. Basic objectives of this study is to measure the current awareness level among the B. Ed. College Teachers, understanding the factors that influence their awareness, and providing recommendations to enhance their awareness level. To achieve these objectives, a descriptive survey research design was adopted by the researcher, employing a semi-structured questionnaire to collect data from the B. Ed. College Teachers situated in three distinct districts of West Bengal; North 24 Parganas, Murshidabad, and Paschim Medinipur. Participants of this study were B. Ed. College Teachers in West Bengal, and a sample size of 151 respondents were purposively selected using the stratified sampling technique. Here in this study, researcher used descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, and thematic analysis to analyse the data. Findings of this study revealed the existing level of awareness among B. Ed. College Teachers concerning copyright laws and regulations relevant to protection e-content. Additionally, this research identified various influential factors that shape their level of awareness. And this research significantly contributes to our understanding on the awareness level of B. Ed. College Teachers in West Bengal, India, pertaining to the copyright and e-content protection.

Apply POA to the ideological and political education of English major writing course in China’s Higher Education, try to build an ideological and political teaching model of English major writing course, and take Unit 3 Crime and Justice of EnglishThink: Argumentative Writing as an example to analyze the implementation path that integrates some essential ideological and political elements in the teaching process of “driving, promoting, and evaluating” in POA theory. It is found that the ideological and political education of English writing course from the perspective of POA can expand the scope of POA teaching theory, cultivate the English writing skills and critical thinking abilities of English major students, and improve their humanistic literacy, patriotism, and international vision.

Purpose of the Research: The determination of the present research was to find out the influence of yoga exercise on balance and flexibility among male geriatric population. Materials and Methods: 30 elderly men who lived in the Anbagam Old Age Home, Mariappanagar, Annamalainagar Town, Chidambaram City, Tamilnadu were selected as subjects. The oldness of the subjects was ranged between 60 and 65 years. They were divided into two groups equally, apiece group consisted of fifteen subjects, in which experimental group - I underwent selected yoga practice, and group - II represented as control that did not participate in any rehabilitation proramme apart from their routine living activities. The experimental period for the study was 6 days (Monday to Saturday) per-week week for twelve weeks. Prior and after experimental period; the volunteers were tested on balance and flexibility. Balance was measured by 4 stage balance test and flexibility was assessed by sit and reach test. Statistical Techniques Applied: The examination of ‘t’ – test and assumption of equality of variance (Leven’s test-homogeneity) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was utilized to discover the critical contrast, assuming any, between groups on each selected variable, independently. In all the cases, 0.05 degree of certainty was fixed to test the importance, which was considered as proper. Results: The result of the study shows that the selected yoga practice has improve the balance and flexibility significantly. Conclusions: It was concluded from the consequences of the study that experimental group has bring positive changes in balance and flexibility as compare to the control group.

Oral problems can have a considerable impact on the general health and quality of life of healthy children and even more those with physical or mental disabilities. And conversely, general status can affect oral status. In fact, the satisfaction assessment in the dental care field is mandatory toward both healthy and medically compromised children. Unfortunately, in Morocco, studies taking into account the needs of the Moroccan population and especially the medically compromised children in the field of dental care are very few, that’s why the main objective of this study was to measure the satisfaction of the parents of these children with their management of oral health. within the CCTD pediatric dentistry service in Casablanca.

This study aims to investigate the factors influencing university students’ intention and behavior toward eLearning in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. The research framework used in this study was the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Usage of Technology (UTAUT). The most common factors associated with UTAUT are social influence, facilitating conditions, habit, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, behavioral intention, and use behavior. Data were collected from 385 university students through a closed-ended questionnaire through social media platforms. The demographic information of respondents was summarized using SPSS version 25 software, while structural equation modeling was performed using SmartPls version 3 to identify the factors that influence behavioral intention and use behavior of eLearning. The data analyses revealed that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, social influence, and habit all significantly influence the behavioral intention of eLearning, with facilitating conditions being the most significant factor. Similarly, habit, facilitating conditions, and behavioral intention also significantly influence the use behavior of eLearning, with facilitating conditions as the most significant factor. It suggests that students are more likely to utilize eLearning tools when they have access to various technical devices and receive sufficient support from educational institutions. Therefore, universities should prioritize accessibility, feedback mechanisms, and seamless integration of eLearning into curricula. Peer support, technical assistance, and promotion of the benefits of eLearning are also essential for fostering engagement. By focusing on these aspects, eLearning adoption can be optimized, leading to improved academic performance and learning outcomes among university students in Kathmandu Valley.

Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end stage renal disease world wide. Approximately one third of patients with type 2 diabetes have hypomagnesemia, mainly caused by enhanced renal excretion. Magnesium deficit in the diet would induce insulin resistance in humans. If it is chronic, this may lead to macro-vascular and micro-vascular complications of diabetes. This study was designed to know the relationship of serum magnesium level in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. This study was conducted at the Department of Laboratory Medicine in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. In this study, serum magnesium level and urine microalbumin level of 60 type 2 diabetic patients were measured. Both serum magnesium and urine microalbumin levels were measured by biochemical auto analyzer (Siemens Dimension RL Max). The mean serum magnesium level is lower in type 2 diabetes mellitus patient. There was a negative correlation between serum magnesium level and urinary microalbumin in hypomagnesemia diabetic patients. Identifying and treating hypomagnesemia can delay end stage renal disease in diabetic patient and reduce the clinical and economic burden of diabetic complications in future. The potential benefits of supplementing magnesium in type 2 diabetic patients with hypomagnesemia need to be evaluated further.

Background: Uncontrolled diabetes is a serious medical condition that can lead to various complications, including ulcerated boils on the legs. These complications occur due to the neurovascular complications associated with diabetes. Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae are frequently encountered pathogens, and polymicrobial infections are prevalent. Antibiotic treatment targets commonly isolated organisms by considering local resistance profiles, patient preferences, and infection severity. Mild to moderate infections may be managed with oral antibiotics, whereas severe cases require intravenous therapy. Severe or persistent cases may require surgical intervention and specialized, multidisciplinary wound care. Case Presentation: In this case report, we present the case of a patient who presented with an ulcerated boil of the left leg that initially appeared as a pimple a week ago. The patient had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but had discontinued medication a year ago due to potential side effects. Conclusion: This case emphasizes the importance of maintaining proper diabetes management and adherence to medication to prevent complications, such as ulcerated boils on the legs.

Background: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent functional disorder characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms and extra-digestive manifestations without clear organic etiology. Psychiatric comorbidities, including mood and anxiety disorders, are common among individuals with IBS, impacting healthcare-seeking behavior. Objective: This study aims to assess psychiatric morbidity in individuals with IBS. Methodology: A prospective observational clinical study was conducted at the Department of Gastroenterology, tertiary hospital, from June 2021 to June 2022. Convenient sampling was used to select 100 diagnosed cases of IBS aged 18 and above. A semi-structured questionnaire was developed to collect socio-demographic data, and psychiatric morbidity was assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-V Axis-I disorders (Clinician Version). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results: Among the participants, 60% were male and 40% were female. Most participants (80%) exhibited psychiatric disorders, with depressive disorder being the most prevalent (30%), followed by anxiety disorder (29%) and somatoform disorder (10%). Non-psychiatric disorders were diagnosed in 31% of participants. Conclusion: Depressive disorder emerged as the predominant psychiatric illness in individuals with IBS, followed by anxiety disorder and somatoform disorder. A comprehensive psychiatric evaluation is essential for effectively managing the symptoms of IBS, particularly in individuals with psychiatric comorbidities.

Granulomatous mastitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the breast with unknown etiology mostly seen in parous women shortly after their last pregnancy. It is crucial to differentiate granulomatous mastitis from cancer and definite diagnosis is established by histopathological examination. Its treatment is variable and the most appropriate treatment protocol is yet to be identified. Aim of the study was to compare the performances of fine needle aspiration and Core biopsy of breast lump verified by histopathological examination as “Gold standard”. 227 women presenting with breast lump were included in this study. After selection, fine needle aspiration and core biopsy were done at same sitting and follow-up resection histopathology with 122 cases (53.74%) were performed in the laboratory. 40(17.62%) cases were diagnosed granulomatous mastitis by either fine needle aspiration or core biopsy, the reports of 23 cases (57.5%) were concordant in both the procedures and discrepancy was observed in reporting of 17 cases (42.5%). 36 cases (90%) were resected for histopathology and 33 (82.5%) breast lumps were diagnosed granulomatous mastitis. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values of fine needle aspiration cytology and Core biopsy were calculated. The diagnostic accuracy of core biopsy was 97.54% and that of fine needle aspiration cytology was 89.34%. Specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values of core biopsy were 97.77%, 97.29%, 94.73% and 98.87% respectively. The specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values of fine needle aspiration were 97.77%, 70.27%, 92.85% and 88.88% respectively. The accuracy of core biopsy was much higher than that of fine needle aspiration and also the performances of the combination of two procedures were superior to the individual test alone.

The study investigated Effective Implementation of Entrepreneurship Education in Public Secondary Schools in Rivers State for Productivity and National Development. Three research questions and three corresponding hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted the descriptive survey design. A sample size of 86 was drawn from a population of 258 principals of senior secondary schools in Rivers State. A validated instrument titled implement of entrepreneurship education for productivity and national development questionnaire was used for data collection. The instrument yielded a reliability index of 0.79. The mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while the z-test was used to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that effective implementation of entrepreneurship education will enable the students to be creative, innovative and productive, which in turn will lead to productivity and national development.

Since its publication in 2020, Shuggie Bain, the debut novel by Scottish author Douglas Stuart, has attracted scholarly attention for its unique ecological perspective. Utilizing the theoretical framework of eco-criticism and drawing on the tripartite division of ecology proposed by Chinese scholar Lu Shuyuan, this paper provides an in-depth interpretation of the novel Shuggie Bain in three dimensions of natural ecology, social ecology, and spiritual ecology, aiming to reveal the ecological imbalance and human alienation in Glasgow, a major industrial city in Scotland during the 1980s. This interpretation will also provide readers with a new research perspective for analyzing Shuggie Bain, enhancing their understanding of the rich ecological implications of it.