Introduction: Suicide remains a significant public health concern globally, with its prevalence reflecting complex interactions among various factors such as age, gender, socio-economic status, and profession. This study aimed to assess the patterns of suicide attempts, focusing on age, gender, socio-economic status, and profession. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Department of psychiatry, Sheikh Hasina Medical college, Jamalpur, Bangladesh during the period from January 2018 to December 2018. All patients with suicide attempts admitted in the different wards of Community-Based Medical College, Mymensingh, and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected as a sample for the study. A total of 90 patients were selected as study subjects by purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was done by SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 20. Result: The study revealed that the majority of suicide attempts occurred in the 21-30 years age group (52%), with middle-class individuals contributing the highest number (47.8%) of attempts. Unmarried individuals, particularly females, had the most attempts (58%), while students accounted for the largest percentage of suicide attempts by profession (38%), primarily in the 11-21 years age group. Rural residents had more attempts (70%) compared to urban residents (30%), and individuals from joint families (66%) were more likely to attempt suicide than those from nuclear families (34%). Conclusion: Young adults (21-30 years) and adolescents (11-21 years) are the most vulnerable age groups, with suicide attempts being notably higher among unmarried individuals and those from middle socio-economic backgrounds. Females exhibit a higher rate of attempts than males, especially among the unmarried. Professionally, students and unemployed individuals are particularly at risk.

Introduction: Gestational thrombocytopenia, a common hematological disorder in pregnancy, poses risks to both maternal and neonatal health. This study aims to evaluate the fetomaternal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by gestational thrombocytopenia compared to those with normal platelet counts. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted over 12 months at Jalalabad Ragib-Rabeya Medical college hospital sylhet Bangladesh. It included 100 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150,000/µL after 20 weeks of gestation) and 100 matched controls with normal platelet counts. Maternal data included demographic information, obstetric and medical history, mode of delivery, incidence of pre-eclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, and need for platelet transfusions. Fetal outcomes assessed were birth weight, Apgar scores, preterm birth rates, NICU admissions, and neonatal thrombocytopenia. Data were analyzed using t-tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables, with multivariate logistic regression to identify predictors of adverse outcomes. Result: The gestational thrombocytopenia group showed higher, though not statistically significant, rates of cesarean delivery (30% vs. 25%, p=0.453), pre-eclampsia (15% vs. 12%, p=0.540), and postpartum hemorrhage (18% vs. 10%, p=0.110). Platelet transfusions were required more frequently in the gestational thrombocytopenia group (8% vs. 2%, p=0.052). Fetal outcomes revealed lower mean birth weight (2950g vs. 3050g, p=0.145), higher preterm birth rates (14% vs. 10%, p=0.371), and more NICU admissions (20% vs. 12%, p=0.132) in the gestational thrombocytopenia group. Notably, neonatal thrombocytopenia was significantly more prevalent in the gestational thrombocytopenia group (10% vs. 2%, p=0.017). Conclusion: Gestational thrombocytopenia is associated with increased risks of certain maternal and neonatal complications. Vigilant monitoring and management are essential to improve outcomes in affected pregnancies. Further research is needed to develop targeted interventions and improve antenatal care practices.

Teachers spend lengthy periods of their lifetime in school work environments and their satisfaction in the job has crucially far-reaching implications. Besides making them feel good about themselves, job satisfaction draws on teachers’ well-being as satisfied teachers are less susceptible to leaving their positions. The aim of this paper was to evaluate teachers’ job satisfaction as a teachers’ turnover factor in influencing learning achievement in Biology in public secondary schools in Garissa County. Guided by Becker’s Human Capital Theory of Occupational Choice, the study was driven by a philosophical paradigm borrowed from the Pragmatic Worldview and adopted a convergent mixed-methods research design. The study targeted 2786 respondents comprising 2691 form three students and 95 Biology teachers from 40 public secondary schools from which 27 schools were picked through stratified random sampling. The sample size constituted 336 form three students and 51 Biology teachers obtained through simple random and purposive sampling respectively. Questionnaire and document analysis guide were used in data collection. Both descriptive and inferential statistics using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Linear Regression were done. The study established that job satisfaction (r=0.67, p<0.05) had a positive significant correlation with learning achievement in Biology. The study therefore concluded that, teachers’ job satisfaction influenced learning achievement in Biology in public secondary schools in Garissa County. The study recommended strategies that should lower teacher turnover and increase learning achievement in Biology thus; re-visit salary schemes for teachers to ensure they re-visit salary schemes for teachers in public secondary schools to ensure teachers are well paid besides are well paid, teacher promotions should be streamlined and staff development opportunities enhanced.

Plant growth, productivity, and quality are all impacted by environmental factors such as abiotic stress and limited soil nutrients. Low phosphorus availability is a prevalent soil-related abiotic stress in both natural and agricultural ecosystems. Most mineral elements are absorbed by the action of nutrient-absorption proteins in plants. The absorption of nitrate ions by the root is regulated by high-affinity transport system. Soil may be supplemented with organic matter from several sources. The biochar is thought to have the potential to be a long-term carbon sink capacity. Carbon sequestration is an essential component of regenerative agriculture that helps to slow down global warming. Under these demanding circumstances, NPs can aid in protecting the photosynthetic machinery and enhancing photosynthesis. Certain nanoparticles, such cerium oxide and TiO2 nanoparticles, shield the photosynthetic apparatus from oxidative damage. Prolonged dryness has also been shown to impair root development, stomatal opening, leaf size, leaf water potential, and seed quantity, size, and tolerance, which prevents flowering and fruiting and lowers crop yield. By altering the availability and plant absorption of fertilizer nutrients in the soil, engineered nanomaterials can increase crop production. By directly acting on phytopathogens through the formation of reactive oxygen species, these can limit crop illnesses.

Bullous lesions may be due to various causes, including bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, linear IgA disease, connective tissue disorders, and other rare vesico-bullous skin diseases. Though histopathology can help narrow down possible diagnoses, direct immunofluorescence is required for a definite diagnosis based on positivity patterns of different immunoglobulins. In this study, 47 cases of clinically suspected immune mediated vesiculo-bullous diseases (IMVBD) were confirmed with histopathology. Females were more commonly affected and the age range was from 10 to 93 years. Among these cases, 23 were diagnosed as pemphigus vulgaris, l6 as bullous pemphigoid, 3 each as pemphigus foliaceus and linear IgA disease. DIF, including testing for c1q, was instrumental for the diagnosis of the disease in order for the patient to get appropriate treatment.

This study investigated psycho-social predictors of parental involvement in the academic activities of junior secondary school students in Port Harcourt Metropolis. The study was guided by four research questions and their corresponding null hypotheses. The design for the study was correlational research design. The population of the study consisted of 16,835 parents of 24,343 JSS3 students (Source: School Board, 2024) from 278 public secondary school students in Port Harcourt Metropolis (Post Primary Education Board, 2024). A sample of 689 parents who are alive and can read and write, as reported by their children (The JSS3 students) was used for the study. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used in drawing the sample. Four instruments were used for the study. They are, Self-efficacy Scale (SES), Locus of Control Scale (LCS) Family Conflict Scale (FCS) and Parental Involvement Scale (PIS). The validity of the instruments were done by two experts in Educational Psychology. To ensure the reliability of the instruments Cronbach alpha () technique was used. The alpha coefficients of 0.75, 0.82, 0.67 and 0.76 were obtained for family conflict, self-efficacy, locus of control and parental involvement scale respectively. Multiple regression, simple regression and ANOVA were used for data analysis. Research questions 1 and 3 were answered using simple regression, research question 2 and 4 were answered using multiple regression. Hypotheses I and 3 were tested using ANOVA associated with simple regression while hypotheses 2 and 4 were tested using ANOVA associated with multiple regression. All analyses were done at 0.05 alpha level. Results revealed among others that self-efficacy did not significantly predict parental involvement in the academic activities of junior secondary school students in Port Harcourt Metropolis while locus of control and family conflict significantly predicted parental involvement in the academic activities of junior secondary school students in Port Harcourt Metropolis. It was recommended amongst others that parents should always make effort to exhibit internal locus of control as this will help them get better involved in the academic activities of their children.

The ACE2 (Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme 2) receptor has been considered to be the major receptor of 2019-nCOV, the causative pathogen of the world wide prevailing COVID-19. Since, ACE2 is widely expressed across a variety of organs and moderately expressed in lungs, it raises a confusion about what makes the lung tissue the most infected in the Corona Virus Disease. Thus we hypothesized that there could be certain other genes playing key roles in the entry of 2019-nCOV into the human cells. Here, we found that PRCP (prolyl-carboxypeptidase) which is highly expressed in lungs than ACE2, has interactions with Bradykinin and has been proved as a potential target for obesity, could be a possible gene playing important role in the Corona Virus entry. In this study we have tried to dock the PCRP protein with two ligands [Epigallocatechin and Theaflavin] which could possibly reduce the effect of this protein.

Saudi learners, like non-native learners in other non-English-speaking nations, face numerous difficulties and hurdles in their acquisition of the English language. This study aims to elucidate the difficulties and challenges Saudi EFL learners encounter in acquiring English. It also delineates the diverse learning strategies Saudi EFL learners utilize to address such issues and challenges. The study employs open-ended and unstructured interviews to gather qualitative data from selected Saudi EFL learners. The participants convey their experiences and perspectives regarding the obstacles and challenges encountered in language acquisition. The study's findings indicated that Saudi EFL learners face numerous challenges in terms of listening, reading, speaking, writing, grammar, pronunciation, vocabulary, cultural and environmental factors, and interference from their native language. This study aims to provide significant insights for course designers, teacher trainers, policymakers, and aspiring EFL teachers in Saudi Arabia, while also enhancing the awareness of the broader TEFL/TESOL community regarding the issues discussed within its contents.

Background: Poor oral health can lead to hospital-acquired pneumonia, a serious condition that can prolong patient care and increase the risk of mortality. The bacteria found in the oral cavity of patients with periodontal disease can be particularly harmful if inhaled into the lungs. Patients who are on mechanical ventilation are at an increased risk of developing aspiration pneumonia. Objective: to investigate the effect of oral care on ventilation associated pneumonia (VAP) and various types of such care. Methods: This review article is performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The literature exploration was done in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for articles published between 2011 and 2023. The search words were "Mechanical ventilation, intubation, pneumonia, dental care, oral care and ICU ". Results: A total of 21 studies were included, the studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs and observational studies. Twice-daily oral care with tooth brushing using purified water can significantly reduce the incidence of VAP. Oral care with chlorhexidine and brushing, as well as enhanced oral care, can also be effective in reducing the incidence of VAP. Improved education and implementation of oral care protocols with 0.12% chlorhexidine solution can significantly reduce the incidence of VAP. Conclusions: The review concludes that good oral hygiene, especially twice-daily oral care with tooth brushing using purified water, can significantly reduce the incidence of VAP in mechanically ventilated patients.

The financial system of a nation plays a crucial role in its economic development. It serves as a vital link between savings and investments, thereby fostering wealth creation. By facilitating the transfer of funds from households, which act as savers, to businesses that require investment, the system supports the growth and prosperity of both parties involved. Furthermore, the financial system is responsible for the effective allocation of savings, the provision of necessary funds, the facilitation of financial transactions, the development of financial markets, the establishment of a legal financial framework, and the delivery of financial and advisory services within the country. This system encompasses various components, including financial institutions, services, markets, and instruments, all of which are interrelated and function collaboratively. This paper addresses several issues pertinent to the Indian financial system.

Background: Because GI cancer is the most common type of cancer seen every day in Sudan's clinical practice, research into this illness is critical. Our study sought to determine its epidemiological characteristics. Methodology: This is a retrospective descriptive study that includes all patients who presented with GIT tumors between January 2019 and July 2024 at the EL-Obeid Histopathology Center in North Kordofan. Results: This study included 127 individuals with GIT cancer, with 52% being male and 48% being female. Their ages varied from 20 to 98 years, with an average of 57.9±15. The age group (51–60) had the highest proportion of research subjects, with 66.7% being men, followed by the age group (61–70), with 54% being female. The most common kinds of GIT cancer were esophagus, colon, stomach, rectum, liver, small bowel, bowel rectosegmoid, and appendix, accounting for 35%, 25%, 16%, 11%, 8%, 3%, 1%, and 1%, respectively. SCC was the most common histological diagnosis, accounting for 96.6% in the esophagus, followed by AC (37.5%), 34.4%, and 21.9% in the colon, stomach, and rectum, respectively. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the diagnosis for 100% of liver cancers. AC accounted for 35.6% of all histological diagnoses across age groups, with the majority occurring in the 51-60 age range, followed by SCC at 27.6%. In all cases, 40% of others' histological grades are highly defined, with the majority developing between the ages of 61 and 70. Conclusion: The most prevalent cancers in Western Sudan were esophageal, colonic, stomach, rectal, and liver. Many incidents occur when people are over the age of 50, and they affect both men and women.

This paper aims to employ bibliometrics and visualization analysis to investigate the current development status and research hotspots in the field of piano education. The literature data is obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database, analyzing publication years, core journals, courtiers/regions distribution, keyword co-occurrence maps, and highly cited papers in this research area. The results indicate that the number of relevant publications began rapidly growing in 2015. The United States and China are identified as the core countries for publications; however, the level of international collaboration remains relatively low. Major research hotspots include the innovative application of artificial intelligence (AI) and augmented reality (AR) technologies in piano education, online education, cross-cultural education, etc.

This study provided discursive strategies which Nigerian newspapers employed to convey information about ASUU-FGN impasse to the news consumers. The discursive strategies succeeded in allotting discourse representations to ASUU and FGN in both positive and negative representations. The data for the study were collected from five Nigerian newspapers: Leadership, Punch, The Guardian, The Nation and Vanguard. The researcher selected one hundred published articles about ASUU-FGN impasse in the month of June, 2024 when the industrial disharmony between the two parties was hot. The researcher purposively sampled one hundred and thirteen data from ten randomly selected articles out of the one hundred published articles for the analysis. The researcher used Van Dijk's (2006) Socio-Cognitive Model of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) for qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data. The study revealed that ASUU and FGN were represented with discursive strategies with their percentage: victimisation (23%), abuse (16%), populism (13%), euphemism (12%), counterfeit (10%), consensus (9%), dramatisation (7%), metaphor (6%), disclaimer (3%), and comparison (1%). ASUU was represented as threatener (The Nation, Punch, Vanguard). sufferer (The Nation, Punch) advocate (Leadership, Punch), slammer (Vanguard), troublesome (The Nation), striker (Punch), observer (Leadership, Punch), teacher of unemployable graduates (Punch), greed (The Nation), warner (Leadership), peacemaker (The Guardian), informer (The Guardian), protester (Vanguard), the oppressed (Punch), slacker (Punch), liar (Punch). FGN was represented as renegade (Punch, The Nation), filibuster (The Guardian), oppressor (The Guardian), abandoner (Leadership), breacher (Leadership), proliferator (Vanguard), and dictator (Punch). The study concluded that naming calling arises where conflicts exists. The study therefore recommended that the two parties should imbibe ideas of honouring agreement to allow name calling cease and peace reign.

Background: Oligohydramnios, characterized by a low Amniotic Fluid Index (AFI), is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including fetal growth restriction, preterm labor, and low birth weight. Effective interventions for improving AFI are critical, particularly in resource-limited settings. L-Arginine, a nitric oxide precursor, has shown promise in enhancing uteroplacental circulation and increasing AFI. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of L-Arginine supplementation in improving AFI and associated maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women with oligohydramnios in Bangladesh. Methods: This study was conducted at Islami Bank Hospital over one year (July 2023 to June 2024), involving 90 pregnant women diagnosed with oligohydramnios. Participants received daily L-Arginine supplementation, and AFI was measured before and after the intervention. Maternal and neonatal outcomes, including gestational age at delivery, birth weight, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions, were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-tests, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The mean AFI increased significantly from 5.4 cm (SD ±1.7) before the intervention to 8.6 cm (SD ±2.1) after supplementation, with a mean difference of 3.2 cm (p < 0.001). Low birth weight was observed in 20% of the neonates, while 17.78% required NICU admission. There was a notable improvement in neonatal outcomes with L-Arginine supplementation. Conclusion: L-Arginine supplementation significantly improved AFI and neonatal outcomes, making it a viable intervention for managing oligohydramnios in pregnant women. Further research is recommended to confirm these findings in larger populations.

Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) is a prevalent developmental enamel defect characterized by qualitative changes in the enamel of one or more first permanent molars, often accompanied by similar defects in the incisors. This condition leads to significant dental challenges, including soft, porous enamel, which is more susceptible to damage and caries than non-MIH teeth. The affected teeth exhibit lower mineral concentration, higher porosity, and altered mechanical properties, contributing to their increased vulnerability to decay and restoration failures. Research indicates that MIH-affected teeth often require more extensive dental treatments due to compromised structural integrity. The enamel defects associated with MIH manifest as well-demarcated opacities, which can lead to hypersensitivity and aesthetic concerns for patients, particularly children. However, there is hope in the form of various remineralization strategies that have been explored to address MIH's challenges. These strategies, including recent clinical trials, have demonstrated the efficacy of remineralization agents in restoring some of the lost enamel properties, which is crucial for managing MIH effectively. This potential for restoration through remineralization strategies offers a hopeful outlook for improving patient outcomes with MIH.