Background: Renal transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), offering improved survival and quality of life compared to dialysis. However, in Bangladesh, the prevalence of renal transplant recipients remains relatively low due to medical, economic, and infrastructural challenges. Understanding the demographic and clinical characteristics of transplant recipients is crucial for improving transplant outcomes and healthcare planning. Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence, demographic distribution, primary disease causes, and co-morbid conditions among renal transplant recipients in Bangladesh. Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Nephrology at Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, as well as at CKD and Urology Hospital and the Kidney Foundation Hospital and Research Institute, Bangladesh. A total of 105 renal transplant recipients were selected using a purposive sampling method. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, medical records, and laboratory investigations. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 16, with results presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) for quantitative data and frequency (%) for categorical data. Results: The majority of renal transplant recipients were aged ≤40 years (72.4%), with a mean age of 34.7 ± 8.9 years. Males predominated, with a male-to-female ratio of 7.75:1. Most patients had a normal BMI (74.3%), with a mean BMI of 21.8 ± 3.1 kg/m². The mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures were 124 ± 9 mmHg and 80 ± 6 mmHg, respectively. The primary disease leading to transplantation was undetermined in 83.8% of cases, followed by glomerulonephritis (6.7%), hypertension (3.8%), and diabetes mellitus (1.9%). Hypertension (94.3%) was the most common co-morbidity, followed by proteinuria (13.3%) and retinopathy (12.4%). Conclusion: Renal transplantation in Bangladesh is more common among younger males, with hypertension and glomerulonephritis being major contributors to ESRD. The high percentage of cases with undetermined primary disease highlights diagnostic limitations. Additionally, post-transplant hypertension remains a major challenge, necessitating lifelong monitoring and management. Addressing these epidemiological trends through improved diagnostic capabilities, awareness programs, and healthcare policies can enhance transplant outcomes and accessibility in Bangladesh.

The increasing intensification of the exploitation of fishery resources in Africa in general and in Côte d'Ivoire in particular, associated with the processes of degradation of the natural environment, pose real risks of regression, disappearance of species and reduction of fish production. So, knowledge of fishing parameters is very important in the strategy implemented by managers of this sector on Ivorian rivers and bodies of water. Thus, the composition of catches, fishing effort and fishing gear production were studied in the Bandama River from July 2023 to June 2024. The data was collected by experimental fishing with gillnets and traps to which fishing data were added artisanal fishing carried out during the sampling days. A total of 41 species belonging to 5 orders and 13 families of fish with a biomass of 18896 kg were identified. Siluriformes (44%) and Perciformes (26%) were dominant. The highest fishing efforts and CPUEs were obtained with gillnets and papolo traps. The values were maximum in the rainy season. Annual production was 7285.74 Kg for the gillnets and 5066.53 Kg for the papolo traps. The results of this study revealed that fish from the Bandama River at Lamto are overexploited. This constitutes a basic element for decision-making in the quest for a protection and conservation strategy of the fishing resources of this protected area in Côte d’Ivoire.

The purpose of this study is to improve general endurance of students, by selecting and implementing appropriate exercises. All participants were the freshman majoring in physical education in Vinh University, Vietnam. Participants were randomly assigned to either a experiment group (MG) or a Control Group (CG). Fifty students were randomly assigned to an experimental (n=25) or control group (n=25) for a sixteen-week study. Both groups had regular physical education twice weekly. The experimental group received extra athletic training twice weekly, while the control group followed the standard curriculum. Physical fitness tests, including 5-minute running, 800m running, and 1-minute rope jumping, were used as outcome measures. After sixteen weeks, the experimental group showed significantly improved performance in all tests (p < 0.05) compared to the control group, demonstrating the effectiveness of the exercise program in enhancing student endurance.

The investigation of the inhibiting patterns and variations of 10cm3 leaves extracts of yam, maize and cassava on the corrosion of mild steel in a selected media using weight loss method was carried out. The mild steel samples were pre-weighed, immersed in different concentrations of NaOH, NaCl and H2SO4 solutions with the 10cm3 leaves extracts alongside the control samples immersed in solution of the media without leaves extracts. The arrangements were allowed to stand for 672 hours and a set of samples from each environment withdrawn at intervals of 168 hours for corrosion characterization. The research findings indicate that the corrosion rate decreased as a result of the 10cm3 leaves extracts introduced into the media thereby confirming that the leaves extracts functioned as effective and excellent inhibitors in the NaOH, NaCl and H2SO4 media. Among the leaves extracts from the three plants used, it was observed that Yam has the best inhibition efficiency in both NaOH (alkaline), NaCl (salt) and H2SO4 (acidic) media, followed by Cassava and Maize which also showed good inhibition efficiency. The results show the very good potentialities of the leaves extracts for application in the diminution of corrosion in our various manufacturing industries.

Background: Dyslipidemia is a key modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is highly prevalent among renal transplant recipients (RTRs). Traditional cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, contribute to adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) is a widely used tool to estimate coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, incorporating lipid levels and other major risk factors. However, the association between dyslipidemia, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and FRS in RTRs remains unclear. Objective: This study aimed to assess the relationship between dyslipidemia and traditional cardiovascular risk factors in RTRs and to evaluate the impact of dyslipidemia on FRS. Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted over 13 months (May 2019 – June 2020) at nephrology departments of multiple healthcare facilities in Bangladesh. A total of 105 RTRs, selected through purposive sampling, underwent clinical assessments, laboratory investigations, and FRS calculation. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was evaluated, and its associations with hypertension, diabetes, body mass index (BMI), and FRS were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: The majority of RTRs were male (88.6%) and aged ≤40 years (72.4%). Dyslipidemia was highly prevalent, affecting 88.0% of hypertensive patients, 100.0% of diabetics, and 100.0% of underweight and obese individuals. However, no statistically significant associations were found between dyslipidemia and hypertension (p = 0.498), diabetes (p = 0.455), or BMI (p = 0.470). Similarly, dyslipidemia did not show a significant correlation with FRS (p = 0.107), despite its high prevalence across all FRS categories. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia is highly prevalent among RTRs but is not significantly associated with traditional cardiovascular risk factors or FRS. These findings suggest that conventional cardiovascular risk models may not fully capture the complex risk profile of RTRs. Individualized lipid monitoring and tailored cardiovascular risk management strategies are essential for optimizing post-transplant care. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longitudinal designs are needed to elucidate the interplay between dyslipidemia, immunosuppressive therapy, and cardiovascular risk in RTRs.

This study examines the efforts of Transmission Power Division in enhancing employee happiness, with a focus on strategic initiatives such as wellness programs, flexible work arrangements, and career development. Based on a 242-participant sample, the research reveals a high overall happiness score of 94.44% in 2023. The analysis also highlights significant differences in satisfaction levels between age groups, with younger employees (18-25) reporting a happiness rate of 85.56%, compared to older employees (46-55) who reported 96.16% satisfaction. The highest satisfaction was observed in the “Promoting Health” and “Fulfilling Potential” pillars, with scores of 92.59% and 94.83%, respectively. However, the “Building Relationships” pillar showed room for improvement, especially in team communication and transparency. Recommendations include expanding wellness programs, fostering clearer communication, and tailoring initiatives to younger employees. The findings align with national and international standards for workplace well-being.

This study examines the transition from cash to accrual accounting in government accounting, focusing on its impact, significance, and implementation. It explores the concept of return on public spending, measurement methodologies, and optimal allocation. The research analyzes the link between accrual accounting adoption and objective measurement of public spending returns. A proposed accounting strategy addresses expenditure allocation issues using an accrual basis. A practical field study, including experts from inside and outside Saudi Arabia, confirms a direct relationship between accrual accounting and improved spending measurement. The findings support the proposed approach, highlighting accounting's role in economic development and reform.

Since vocational education gives young people the knowledge and skills they need to succeed in the workforce, it is crucial for human development. The purpose of this study was to examine the availability and adequacy of physical facilities and resources for vocational training and skills acquisition in the vocational training centers in Tana River County, Kenya. Data were gathered using a descriptive research approach that included both quantitative and qualitative methods. There were nine Vocational Training Centres in Tana River County, with a total of two hundred and fifty trainees. The trainees were chosen at random. Trainees’ data was gathered using questionnaires. The SPSS version 26 was used to analyze, code, and critical quantitative data. Pie charts and graphs were used to display the data that had been analyzed. The results of the study showed that the trainees believed academic education was superior and that vocational skills were for failures.

Background: Hyaline fibromatos is syndrome (HF) is a rare condition characterized by hyaline deposits in the papillary dermis that lead to joint contractures, motor impairment, thickened skin, and hyperpigmented macules. Severe cases may present with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE), increasing the risk of mortality. The diagnosis of HFS involves clinical evaluation, genetic analysis of ANTXR2 variants, skin and intestinal biopsies, skeletal x-rays, and molecular genetic testing. Treatment focusses on the management of symptoms and includes various interventions such as splinting, excision of lesions, hydration, and pharmacotherapy. Case presentation: We present the case of a 2-month-old female child with HFS, born prematurely to consanguineous parents. The child exhibited characteristic symptoms, including excessive crying, limb deformities, and congenital hypothyroidism. Despite symptomatic management and prenatal diagnosis counseling, the child succumbed to sepsis after a month. Conclusions : HFS presents significant challenges in clinical management, particularly in severe cases where complications such as protein-losing enteropathy can lead to fatal outcomes. Early diagnosis through comprehensive genetic and clinical evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and counseling of affected individuals and their families.

This topic is about “Lhashukgen,” who is also known as “sku rten pa”, basically a native Oracle of Monpa community of Arunachal Pradesh. It explores the whole concept of a local Oracle in Monpa Community, his works, his nature, his importance in monpa community etc. This topic also attempts to understand the genealogy and origin of institution of sku ten pa. It also explores the full process and step through which one becomes an Oracle being chosen by the deity and how it becomes hereditary in nature. It also tells that why being chosen by deity one cannot refuse to become an Oracle. Given the limited availability of written records, my research on this topic was largely based on oral sources and accounts. Although there are some books available on Oracle, they are primarily based on the Oracle of either Tibet or of other areas.

Sclerocarya birrea tree (Marula), is known in Sudan as Homeid tree. The different parts of the tree find wide traditional and medicinal uses. This study was carried to evaluate the chemical composition of the fruit seeds and kernels oil from nutritional value sight of view. Fresh fruits were collected from Darfur and Kordofan States. The proximate constituents of seeds were determined. Kernels oil was extracted by Petroleum ether. The physicochemical properties of the oil were measured. Seed kernels content of some minerals was determined by AAS. The extracted oil was analyzed by GC-MS. The proximate seed constituents were ash (4.93%), moisture (5.74%), pH (6.36%), protein (44.17%), vitamin C (19.47mg/100g) and Fiber (5.32%). The AAS analysis showed high P (220.25mg/100g) and K (86.10mg/100g) in the kernels. The oil yield was (53.47%). The physicochemical properties were acid value (0.42mg KOH/g), Peroxide value (4.64meq/kg), Saponification value (199mg KOH/g), viscosity (62.1), refractive index (1.467), density (0.919g/cm3) and un-saponified matter (3.17%). The GC-MS characterization showed a presence of five constituents, Dominated by Oleic (65.97%), Palmitic (17.53%) and Stearic acid (12.84%).

This study was designed to evaluate the bioequivalence of Losartan Potassium Tablets USP 100 mg, developed by Caplin Point Laboratories Ltd., India, compared with COZAAR® (Losartan Potassium Tablets USP 100 mg) manufactured by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, Chile. Conducted under fasting conditions, this open-label, randomized, two-treatment, three-sequence, three-period, single-dose, crossover, semi-replicate study aimed to assess pharmacokinetic parameters and the safety profile of both formulations in healthy adult human subjects. A total of 39 participants were enrolled, with 30 completing all study phases. Blood samples were collected at 28 predefined time points in each study period and analyzed for plasma concentrations of Losartan and its active metabolite, carboxylic acid, using a validated bioanalytical method. Key pharmacokinetic metrics such as Cmax, AUC0-t, and AUC0-∞ were determined, and the log-transformed data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results demonstrated that the 90% confidence intervals of the test/reference ratio for Cmax (82.57%–117.03%), AUC0-t (98.11%–107.46%), and AUC0-∞ (98.09%–107.37%) were all within the predefined bioequivalence acceptance range of 80.00%–125.00%. These findings established bioequivalence between the test and reference formulations. Safety evaluations revealed five adverse events among four subjects, all of which were mild to moderate and resolved completely without sequelae. In conclusion, the study confirms that Losartan Potassium Tablets USP 100 mg by Caplin Point Laboratories Ltd. is bioequivalent to COZAAR® and is well-tolerated under fasting conditions. These results support the potential for the test product to serve as a cost-effective and accessible therapeutic alternative for managing hypertension.

Background: This study investigates hairline patterns among the Etche people in Rivers State, Nigeria, with a focus on the distribution and variation in hairline shapes, lengths, and widths. Materials and Methods: Using a descriptive research design, data were collected from 227 participants through anthropometric measurements using a digital vernier caliper and measuring tape, assessing patterns by gender, age, and marital status. Results and Discussion: The results revealed that the most common hairline type was straight-lined (34.4%), followed by bell-shaped (30.8%) and widow’s peak (30%). The least common hairline patterns were low and high hairlines, each observed in only 0.4% of participants. The average hairline length and width were 61.98 mm and 293.89 mm, respectively, with males displaying longer and wider hairlines compared to females. Singles also showed greater hairline dimensions compared to married individuals. Conclusion: No significant variation was found in hairline characteristics by religious affiliation. These findings contribute valuable anthropometric data on the Etche population and highlight the role of genetic and environmental factors in shaping craniofacial features. The study fills a gap in anthropometric literature and provides a foundation for further genetic, medical, and cultural studies on Nigerian ethnic groups.

This study investigates the economic contributions of Dalit entrepreneurship to the development of Rajasthan, aiming to challenge stereotypes surrounding Dalit capabilities and to highlight their role in job creation and economic sustainability. Utilising a descriptive research methodology, data was collected through surveys, interviews, and government statistics, focusing on 740 Dalit enterprises. By employing Solow’s Growth Model and regression analysis, the findings reveal that Dalit entrepreneurs contribute approximately 0.97% to the State’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), with an average annual contribution of ₹571,500 per entrepreneur. Despite significant challenges, including inadequate access to capital and infrastructure, the study emphasises that Dalit businesses play a crucial role in local economies by providing essential goods and services. This research underscores the importance of recognising Dalit entrepreneurship as a vehicle for social equity, economic resilience, and community upliftment. The originality of this study lies in its comprehensive analysis of Dalit entrepreneurship within the context of economic liberalisation, offering insights that can inform policy-making and support systems aimed at empowering marginalised communities.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to identify the factors arising from (i) personal perception of the vaccine or (ii) the mother's social environment and entourage that are associated with vaccination dropout in children aged 12 to 23 months. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted from 25 October 2022 to 18 February 2023 among mothers of 336 children aged 12 to 23 months in Kisangani. A pre-tested and administered questionnaire was used to collect data based on three-stage cluster sampling. Analyses were performed on STATA 13 using stepwise logistic regression with a threshold of 0.05. Results : After adjustment by multivariate logistic regression, the following factors were significantly associated with discontinuation of BCG vaccination in children aged 12 to 23 months: mother's religion (ORa=2.1 [95% CI : 1.1 - 4.4]), ignorance of vaccination schedule (ORa= 3 [95% CI :1.4 - 6.7]), not being informed by vaccinators to allay fears (ORa= 2.5 [95% CI :1.2 - 5.4]) and refusal to vaccinate one's child if the incidence of the disease decreases (ORa= 2.9 [95% CI :1.3 - 6.5]). Conclusion: In Kisangani, mothers' access to information and knowledge about routine vaccination were limited, with low BCG vaccination coverage. There is a need to increase awareness among mothers and carers in order to improve their knowledge of routine immunisation.