The seed is a mainly reproductive unit of the spermatophyta and links the subsequent generations. Other essential seed activities include survival in arid, cold, or other adverse conditions and dispersal. There is a lot of variety in the internal and external architecture of seeds. OsMKP1, a mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase, is encoded by GSN1. Rice glume cells proliferate when GSN1 expression is suppressed, producing larger but fewer rice grains. The GSN1 directly interacts with OsMAPK6 and dephosphorylates it, rendering it inactive. Thus, precise regulation of OsMAPK6 activity via reversible phosphorylation is essential for regulating the rice grain size. Some genes also negatively control the grain width and weight by inhibiting cell proliferation. The embryo, which is made up of cotyledons, hypocotyl, and radicle; the endosperm, which feeds the growing embryo; and the seed coat, which envelops the embryo and the endosperm, are the three main parts of plant seeds, each of which has unique biological functions and outcome. The growing seed can benefit from the ability to predict when a sugar burst would arrive through the phloem, since this would allow the seed to quickly adapt to its storage product synthesis. However, there are still certain obstacles that prevent the use against a variety of insect species. The adoption of various formulation procedures that improve dsRNA persistence and cellular absorption in insects is expected to overcome these issues, which are mostly related to the varying RNAi sensitivity of oral RNAi in insects. The CRISPR/Cas system has become the most popular being shown to be useful for editing the genome of plants, its uses in plants have grown significantly in comparison to other technologies.

Background: In Placenta Previa the placenta is implanted in the lower uterine segment in pregnancy with previous Caesarian Section there is risk of placenta being adherent with the scar, leading to devastating hemorrhage. The aim of this study was to find out the risk of association of placenta praevia with history of uterine scar. Methods: It was a hospital based observational cross-sectional study and was carried out in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka from May 2013 to October 2013. Total 50 patients were enrolled as diagnosed case of placental praevia. Patients clinical condition and course of management, perinatal outcome were observed, recorded & categorized Data were analyzed using computer with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software for Windows version 20. Results: This study shows commonest age group was 26-30 years, which included 46%, 36% belonged to 31-35 years age group. The average age was 29.80 years. Most (94%) of the patients were multigravida Maximum (54%) number of cases were admitted during the gestational period of 35-38 weeks. Common clinical presentations were anaemia (80%) and per vaginal bleeding (84%). Regarding management, 76% patients were managed actively and 24% patients were managed expectantly. It was observed that placenta praevia with uterine scar is seen more frequently (66%) in cases of previous caesarean sections. Among 30 patients, 84% were live births, 10% were still births and 6% were neonatal deaths. No maternal death was observed in this study. Conclusion: This study shows strong association between previous caesarean section, uterine curettage and hysterotomy and placenta praevia. Most of the patients were provided with active modality of management. Hence the study advocates the use of contraceptive, advanced antenatal care & early referral to hospital and expectant management of patients after proper selection to reduce the premature birth.

Background: Continuous monitoring of fetal well-being through cardiotocography (CTG) is a standard practice in antenatal care, aiming to detect and manage potential complications. However, interpreting CTG patterns requires expertise and understanding, especially in diverse clinical settings such as those in Bangladesh. Objective: To assess normal and abnormal CTG patterns and their implications for perinatal outcomes in a tertiary level hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on CTG recordings of pregnant women admitted to the antenatal unit of a tertiary level hospital in Bangladesh from January 2024 to June 2024. CTG pattern was abnormal based on established criteria. Perinatal outcomes including fetal distress, neonatal outcomes, and obstetric interventions were recorded and analyzed in relation to CTG findings. The aims of the study were to evaluate the abnormal cardiotocography (CTG) patterns during the antenatal period and their impact on perinatal outcomes at a tertiary level hospital in Bangladesh. Results: The incidence of fetal distress was significantly higher in cases with abnormal CTG patterns compared to normal patterns (p<0.05). Furthermore, neonatal outcomes such as Apgar scores <7 at 1 minute and 5 minutes were more prevalent in pregnancies with abnormal CTG patterns. Among the abnormal CTGs groups, who had more risk factors abnormal outcomes were more. Most of the patients in both the normal and abnormal CTGs groups were associated with DM. In abnormal CTGs groups pre-eclampsia, PROM Many pregnant women had other risk factors associated with DM. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of accurately assessing CTG patterns in the antenatal period for predicting perinatal outcomes. The identification of abnormal CTG patterns can aid in timely interventions to prevent adverse outcomes for both the mother and the newborn.

Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries significantly impact mobility and overall quality of life, necessitating prompt and effective intervention. The purpose of this study was to assess preoperative versus postoperative functional and pain status in arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using the quadriceps tendon. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate preoperative versus postoperative functional and pain status in arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using the quadriceps tendon. Methods: This prospective interventional study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from March 2020 to August 2022, enrolling 30 patients with isolated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Informed consent was obtained, and diagnoses were established through X-rays and MRI. Outcome measures were evaluated using the Lysholm score, Tegner score, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at follow-up intervals, with statistical analysis conducted using SPSS version 26.0. Result: The study of 30 patients (mean age 29.73 ± 7.00 years, 90% male) found significant improvements post-surgery: Lysholm scores rose from 48.57 to 89.63, Tegner scores from 3.03 to 7.10, and VAS pain scores dropped from 0.90 to 0.20 (all p < 0.001). Conclusion: Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using the quadriceps tendon led to significant improvements in knee function, enhanced activity levels, and reduced pain, demonstrating its effectiveness in restoring pre-injury status.

Aim and background: This systematic review aimed to investigate the efficacy of photobiomodulation (PBM) on the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Review methods: An extensive electronic search for randomized control trials via Medline (via PubMed), The Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register, and Science Direct up to October 15, 2023 was done. Hand searching was performed for relevant journals. Reference articles were retrieved and exported to Zotero software. The risk of bias was assessed using Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). Results: A total of 14 articles were considered for systematic review. Most of the studies arrived at the consensus that photobiomodulation (PBM) indeed accelerates the pace of tooth movement and significantly diminishes the time required for achieving proper tooth alignment. Conclusion: The synthesis of available evidence in our analysis reveals a substantial body of research suggesting a positive effect of PBM on accelerating tooth movement. However, the existing variations in PBM parameters, and outcome measurements emphasize the necessity for more standardized approaches in future investigations.

Background: Endometriosis, a prevalent gynecological disorder affecting women of reproductive age, is a significant cause of infertility, especially in severe cases involving extensive adhesions, endometriomas, and deep infiltrating lesions. In Bangladesh, the delay in diagnosis and limited access to advanced treatments, including laparoscopic surgery, poses challenges to improving fertility outcomes for women with severe endometriosis. Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of laparoscopic treatment on fertility outcomes in patients with severe endometriosis, particularly in a resource-limited healthcare setting in Bangladesh. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 78 women with severe endometriosis from tertiary hospitals in Dhaka and Khulna, Bangladesh. All participants had previously experienced unsuccessful in vitro fertilization (IVF) attempts and subsequently underwent laparoscopic surgery between 2015 and 2024. Data collection involved reviewing primary and secondary data from these tertiary hospitals, including medical records and operative reports, and was supplemented by follow-up interviews for comprehensive analysis. Variables such as patient age, infertility duration, previous IVF cycles, operative findings, and postoperative fertility outcomes were analyzed using SPSS, with statistical significance set at P < .05. Results: The mean age of patients was 34.3 years, and the average duration of infertility was 52.9 months. Post-laparoscopic surgery, 42.3% (33/78) of women successfully delivered, with 7% achieving spontaneous conception. Younger age, fewer prior IVF cycles, and a normal uterine appearance on transvaginal ultrasound were significantly associated with improved fertility outcomes. Salpingectomy was more common among those who delivered (70%), though the removal of ovarian endometriomas did not significantly impact fertility success. Conclusion: Laparoscopic treatment significantly improves fertility outcomes in Bangladeshi women with severe endometriosis, even in a resource-limited setting. Age, normal ovarian function, and uterine appearance were key factors influencing reproductive success. These findings underscore the importance of timely surgical intervention for endometriosis-related infertility, highlighting the need for improved access to laparoscopic surgery in low-resource healthcare systems.

Climate change presents an urgent and impending threat to virtually all global biological systems. In recent years, there has been a surge in research endeavors aimed at investigating the potential relationship between changes in climate patterns and the spread of infectious diseases. This scoping review aims to assess the influence of climate change and global warming on the spread and occurrence of numerous infectious diseases worldwide. It is recommended that there is an urgent need to carry out some educative programs in all countries to combat global warming and then reduce infectious diseases’ dissemination. This review followed the PRISMA flowchart that included studies on global warming and infectious diseases from 2019 to 2023, The studies were selected by a systematic search using different electronic databases from Science Direct, EBSCO, PUBMED, BIOMED CENTRAL, CINAHL, and Google Scholar, which were filtered to include only studies that were published after January 2019 using MeSH terms to find from total 980 research articles were found in different databases, only 10 studies were eligible for the review scope and aims, they found that climate change has a remarkable impact on the dissemination and incidence of many infectious diseases, there was a significant correlation between precipitation, temperature, and the transmission of pathogens and arthropods, the potential economic devastation caused by a bacterial infection in rice could escalate significantly in the coming decades, also, the highest temperature was shown to have a strong relationship with the incidence of dengue, leptospirosis, food poisoning, TB, and hand, foot, and mouth infections in addition to several viral infections such as COVID-19. The governmental efforts to educate and counsel people to reduce their habits and some wring manners such as fuel burning to decrease global warming as one of the main factors causing infections dissemination.

Viral myocarditis is an inflammatory condition of the myocardium, often caused by viral infections. While the typical presentation includes chest pain, shortness of breath, and palpitations, fatigue as the primary symptom is unusual and presents diagnostic challenges. This report presents the case of a 39-year-old healthy male who complained of isolated fatigue and mild chest discomfort after experiencing flu-like symptoms. Initial workup revealed elevated troponin levels with abnormal ECG findings, raising concerns for myocardial involvement. Coronary angiography ruled out obstructive coronary artery disease, confirming the diagnosis of viral myocarditis. The patient responded well to anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic treatment, and no complications were observed during follow-up. This case highlights the importance of considering viral myocarditis in patients with vague symptoms, especially those with recent viral infections, to prevent delayed diagnosis and potential complications. Early identification and treatment are critical to ensure a favorable outcome.

Background: Caesarean Section is a commonly performed surgical procedure in obstetric practice, with its incidence rising every year. This increase has led to higher bed occupancy and cost burdens. Conventional Caesarean Sections have several drawbacks, including patients being kept nil per oral overnight before surgery and for 12-24 hours after surgery, immobilization for up to 24 hours or more, continuation of catheter use for 24 hours or more, and the use of opioid-based anesthetics. To address these issues, Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) has been introduced. ERAS consists of multimodal pathways during the pre-, intra-, and post-operative periods. Numerous clinical trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses have shown that applying ERAS in Caesarean delivery reduces the length of hospital stay, decreases the use of opioid-based anesthetics, improves patient satisfaction, reduces post-operative pain scores, and increases compliance with breastfeeding. Objectives: To determine the outcome of Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) pathway in Caesarean Delivery. Methodology: This was a prospective observational study conducted at Paropakar Maternity and Women’s Hospital. Total duration of study period was 3 months from July 2024 to September 2024. A total of 106 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Those receiving care as per the ERAS protocols and standard conventional protocols were observed throughout pre, intra and post-operative period. The two groups were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, intravenous fluid requirement, duration of surgery, length of hospital stay, post-operative pain scores and other post-operative characteristics such as nausea, vomiting, headache, urinary retention, hospital readmission and neonatal outcome. Results: Total of 106 patients were included in the study with 53 in each of ERAS and SC group. In this study, there was no statistical difference in age group, Body Mass Index (BMI), co morbid conditions, gravidity, duration of gestation, indication of CS, duration of surgery and estimated blood loss. The average amount of intravenous fluid required intra operatively in ERAS group was 1350 ml and in SC group was 1650 ml with difference of 300 which was statistically significant, p < .001. The mean length of post-operative hospital stay was 54 hrs. in ERAS group and 71 hrs. in SC group with difference of 17 hrs. which was statistically significant with p = 0.023. The mean post-operative score in ERAS group on Day 0, Day 1 and Day 2 were lower than in SC group with p value < .001. There was no significant difference in post-operative complications between two groups. Conclusion: This study showed that implementation of ERAS protocol is associated with decrease in intra operative fluid requirement, decrease in post-operative length of hospital stay and is associated with significant difference in post-operative pain with use of multi modal analgesia. ERAS can be implemented in Caesarean delivery for addressing the issues of prolonged immobilization, delayed discharge, increased bed occupancy and many more issues associated with it.

The awareness of innovation in education and the training management at the university level in the context of the current fourth industrial revolution are to focus on building a clean philosophy, vision, and mission, as well as building and designing educational functions and tasks in the education system - the university training must be suitable to meet the maximum requirements of the current social integration and development process. Because, from the multi-dimensional impacts of the integration process, if higher education institutions do not proactively develop appropriate development strategies, they will inevitably fall behind and develop slowly compared to the rest of the national education system. Likewise, as a member school of Ho Chi Minh City National University, An Giang University is always proactive in building a suitable strategy for educational innovation and development by building a roadmap, flexible and solid steps in the current management of higher education to become one of the member schools achieving high evaluation indicators in the country, region, and world.

This study investigated the relationship between omnichannel retailing strategies and customer satisfaction of food and beverage firms in Port Harcourt. Specifically, the objectives of the study were to determine how channel integration and customer experience relates with customer loyalty and repeat patronage of food and beverage firms in Port Harcourt. The chosen population for this study comprised thirty (30) registered food and beverage firms in Port Harcourt. The census approach was adopted to select our respondents for the study and the researcher purposively selected three hundred (300) respondents for the study, however only two hundred and forty (240) respondents provided information for the analysis of the data through a questionnaire. Kendall’ tab-u was used to test the four null hypotheses developed for the study. From results of the analysis it was revealed that channel integration and customer experience which are the proxies for omnichannel retailing strategies positively and significantly relate with customer loyalty and repeat patronage (measures of customer satisfaction) of food and beverage firms in Port Harcourt. Based on these findings, it was concluded that omnichannel retailing strategies and customer satisfaction of food and beverage firms in Port Harcourt reveals significant relationships between the dimensions of omnichannel strategies—channel integration and customer experience—and measures of customer satisfaction, specifically customer loyalty and repeat patronage. Therefore, the study recommended that food and beverage firms should focus on integrating their sales channels (physical stores, online platforms, mobile apps) to provide a seamless and consistent customer experience. This integration will likely improve both customer loyalty and repeat patronage.

The study investigated the planning strategies for effective provision of education for the head, heart and the hand. The descriptive survey design was adopted. Three research questions and three corresponding hypotheses guided the study. A sample size of 128 representing 50% were drawn from a population of 257 principals using the stratified sampling technique. The instrument for the study was a validated instrument titled, planning strategies for the provision of education for the head, heart and the hand questionnaire (PSPEHHHQ), which yielded a reliability index of 0.84; using test re-test method. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, while the z-test was used to test the hypotheses. The findings revealed that the planning strategy for planning education for the head, heart and the hand is a collaborative interdisciplinary strategy aimed at a thoughtful curriculum design. The study concluded that a collaborative interdisciplinary planning is essential for the attainment of the optimum goal of education for the head, heart and the hand.

Mangrove ecosystem is one of the productive ecosystems in aquatic environment. Mangrove populations occurring along the Vashista branch of Godavari River were studied using line transect with 16 m² quadrates and the quadrate samples were analyzed. In the present investigation a total of 16 mangrove species were reported, out of which four are true mangrove species, six associated mangroves and six halophytes were reported. Transect studies revealed that mangroves were distributed up to 10 to 20 meters in Darbharevu and 30 to 40 meters in Biyyaputippa region. Most of the forest in Darbharevu is in form of long strip and in Biyyaputippa forest extends and density of species was higher than Darbharevu. In both study sites (Darbharevu and Biyyaputippa) the species with the highest density was Suaeda monoica whereas the species with lowest density was Sonneratia caseolaris. The maximum height in these two stations varied from 5 to 10 meters only. Percentage frequencies of DBH (Density at Breast Height) classes were estimated. In the present study only two diameter classes in Darbharevu and 4 classes in Biyyaputippa were reported. This is an indicative of the small and bushy mangrove vegetation in station 1 and little bit larger canopy was reported in station 2. Anthropogenic and aqua industry play a critical impact on the survival of this mangrove ecosystems.

Following one of our research topics we present here the first English translation of the text ‘Nietzsche and National Socialism’, written by Heinrich Härtle, former student of philosopher Alfred Baeumler. The author clearly indicates that his article is neither a profession of faith by National Socialist youth to a Nietzsche movement of the future nor an allegiance to a Nietzsche cult. He recognizes that attempts to equate Nietzsche and National Socialism are wrong because, in doing so, ‘one necessarily becomes dishonest towards Nietzsche and presumptuous towards National Socialism’. The great difficulty, if not the impossibility, of moving from the individual in Nietzsche to the collective of National Socialism is recognized. The knowledge we have today of all or almost all of Nietzsche's writings raises the question of whether or not Härtle's contribution will withstand reexamination with this new material.

Aim of this work is to verify the farmaceutical form of oral Budesonide compounded used in Chron’s disease: capsules delay release or oral suspension. In particular way the kinds of excipients or bases-veicle used in the galenic pharmacy. The therapeutic need require a release of the API in delayed release. The Budesonide show low systemic impacts due by its hepatic methabolism vs a tocipal effect useful in this pathology. Some formulation provided by various pharmacy are reported as well as new technology like the 3D-PRINTING systems for colonic targeting tablets.