This study evaluates the compressive strength performance of Nipa Palm Fibre Reinforced Concrete (NPFRC) as a sustainable alternative for low- to medium-strength construction. Using Central Composite Design, the research examined how varying fibre content and length influence compressive strength. NPFRC compressive strength ranged from 9.17 to 21.96 MPa, compared to 26.12 MPa for conventional concrete. Higher fibre content and length generally reduced strength due to poor workability, compaction, and increased porosity. Fibre dosage had a more significant impact than fibre length. Interaction plots revealed that fibre content and length had interdependent, not additive, effects on strength. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimized the mix design, identifying 0.5% fibre content and 34.25 mm fibre length as ideal, yielding a predicted strength of 20.98 MPa with 92.30% desirability. A confirmatory test recorded 19.87 MPa, a 5.58% deviation from the prediction, within acceptable limits. Although the optimized compressive strength does not meet structural-grade standards (ASTM and EN 206), the results demonstrate NPFRC’s potential for non-load-bearing and light structural applications. The study highlights the importance of fibre treatment, optimal proportioning, and quality control, reinforcing NPFRC’s viability in eco-friendly construction where moderate strength and sustainability are prioritized.

Introduction: The term behaviour encompasses other aspects outside the actions of the human mind and conscious behaviour. 1 There is a major departure from the usual in the pattern of behaviour that individuals exhibit. There are a variety of things that might have an impact on a child, including physical sickness, changes in the educational environment, changes in the family circle, peer pressure, and socioeconomic situation. In today's complicated culture, the family unit is the most important institution. The development of a child & social intelligence is significantly influenced by the members of the child's family. Aim: The study compares the behavioral patterns of single children and children with siblings aged 6-12 years in selected areas of Mohali, Punjab. Methodology: The research involved 120 children selected through disproportionate stratified random sampling. A modified Child Behavioral Rating Scale was utilized. Results: The study compared behavioural patterns of 50 single-child women and 50 children with siblings. Among single children, 41 (82%) showed an average level of behaviour, 6 (12%) good, and 3 (6%) poor. Similarly, 41 (82%) children with siblings had an average level, 5 (10%) good, and 3 (6%) poor. An unpaired ‘t’ test compared behavioural scores between the two groups in the 6–12 years age group. The mean score for children with siblings was 30.36 ± 7.179, while for single children it was 28.74 ± 7.464. The p-value was 0.271, indicating no significant difference between the two groups.

The exponential growth of academic literature presents significant challenges for researchers in conducting comprehensive literature reviews and maintaining current knowledge in their fields. Traditional research methodologies often prove inadequate for processing the vast volumes of information available across multiple databases and repositories (Chen et al., 2024; Rodriguez & Kim, 2023). This study introduces a novel agentic artificial intelligence framework designed to enhance research productivity through intelligent automation of literature discovery and report generation processes. The proposed system employs a dual-agent architecture comprising a specialized Search Agent responsible for multi-database literature discovery and source quality assessment, and a Drafting Agent focused on content analysis, synthesis, and coherent report generation (Thompson & Williams, 2024). Through empirical evaluation involving 150 research tasks across 15 academic domains, our framework demonstrated substantial improvements over traditional research methods: 55% reduction in time requirements (from 18.7 to 8.3 days average), 23% improvement in source coverage (from 77% to 100%), 60% reduction in cost per literature review (from ,847 to ,139), and 28% increase in user satisfaction scores (from 3.2 to 4.1 out of 5.0). The system maintains high quality standards with an average quality score of 4.2/5.0 compared to 3.9/5.0 for traditional methods (Anderson et al., 2024). Domain-specific analysis reveals varying effectiveness, with interdisciplinary research showing the highest performance gains (68% time savings, 91% user satisfaction), followed by STEM disciplines (62% time savings, 94% satisfaction). The framework addresses critical challenges in academic research including information overload, source verification, and synthesis complexity while maintaining scholarly rigor and citation accuracy (Martinez & Lee, 2023). Implementation results demonstrate the practical viability of agentic AI systems in academic research contexts, providing a scalable solution for institutions seeking to enhance research productivity and quality.

There is a trio of behaviors in the first 1000 days of life & the relation of this trio in the formation of deciduous teeth. Technically, the first behavioral component is Early Initiation of Breast Feeding (EIBF) followed by Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF) & the next is the Infant & Young Child Feeding (IYCF). One can surely ponder what role does the Colostrum rich milk has which only flows for the first five days of life has in the formation of deciduous teeth. The next question is to elicit the role of Mature Breast Milk (MBM) in the development of deciduous teeth. Finally, the question arises about the role of Complementary Feeding (CF) or IYCF has in the development of the deciduous teeth. This article focuses on the burden of the issue of deciduous teeth development through the above- mentioned indicators. Thereafter through literature reviews, it delineates the role of these trio behaviors. The article also delves into the literature regarding the deciduous teeth before entering the domain of the behavior trios. In nutshell, the trio of behaviors such as EIBF, EBF & IYCF in the first 1000 days life is the independent variable of this article & the development of deciduous teeth is the dependent variable. As these behaviors are proven & effective interventions/strategies, the linear correlation that emerges among both the variables is ‘behaviors like EIBF, EBF & IYCF positively impact the development of deciduous teeth’.

Ali ibn Isa Al-Kahhal, a medieval Muslim ophthalmologist, remains an underappreciated yet pivotal figure in medical history. His seminal treatise, Tadhkirat al-Kahhalin (The Notebook of the Oculists), is one of the earliest and most comprehensive works on ophthalmology, detailing ocular anatomy, pathology, and surgical techniques. This paper critically examines existing literature on Ali ibn Isa, analyzing his contributions, methodological approaches, and the factors contributing to his relative obscurity in modern historiography. The review highlights his systematic classification of over 130 eye diseases, including pioneering descriptions of cataracts, trachoma, and optic nerve disorders. His surgical innovations, such as the couching technique for cataract removal, were groundbreaking for their time and laid the foundation for future advancements. Moreover, his emphasis on empirical observation and case-based diagnosis anticipated modern clinical methodologies. Despite these achievements, Ali ibn Isa’s legacy has been largely overshadowed by figures like Ibn Sina and Al-Razi. His limited recognition stems from Eurocentric biases in medical history, the fragmentation of Arabic medical manuscripts, and the specialized nature of his work, which may have constrained its broader impact. By re-evaluating his contributions, this study underscores the necessity of integrating non-Western medical traditions into global medical historiography. This paper argues that Ali ibn Isa’s work deserves greater scholarly attention for its historical significance and role in transmitting medical knowledge across cultures and periods. A more inclusive reassessment of medical history offers a richer understanding of the diverse intellectual traditions that have shaped contemporary medical practice.

The present study tries to examine the key factors that determine money demand in India over the period from 1996 to 2020. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag model is applied to capture both short-run and long-run dynamics. The long run results show that income, interest rate, and foreign exchange reserves have a significant impact on money demand, while the exchange rate appears statistically insignificant. The error correction term indicates that short-run disequilibrium adjusts toward equilibrium at a rate of 32 percent annually. Overall, the findings show the importance of broad money (M3) as a useful indicator to assess output gaps and inflation expectations, and highlight its role in the formulation of India’s inflation-targeted monetary policy.

Hydroxyapatite (HAp), a calcium phosphate compound, is essential in biomedical and environmental applications due to its biocompatibility and adsorptive properties. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the compositional and structural integrity of hydroxyapatite extracted from cow femur, ribs, and skull bones by calcining the bones and analysing the resulting HAp powders using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. FTIR analysis verified the presence of distinctive phosphate and hydroxyl functional groups in all samples, indicating successful conversion to HAp. SEM micrographs showed porous, uneven surface morphologies appropriate for biointegration. XRF verified calcium and phosphorus as dominating components. The oxide composition was further confirmed by XRF analysis, which showed that the most prevalent components were calcium oxide (CaO) and phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅), but with slightly different relative proportions across bone sources. The rib sample showed a higher magnesium oxide level, whereas the skull bone sample had the greatest CaO concentration. The concentrations of the different elements in the samples were not significantly different (p>0.05). XRD analysis confirmed phase-pure nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite with the main (211) peak at 31.8° and crystallite sizes between 60–70 nm, indicating high crystallinity and structural consistency. These nanoscale features enhance similarity to natural bone and bioactivity. The findings show that bovine-derived HAp maintains key structural and compositional characteristics across anatomical sources, making it a practical and affordable substitute for synthetic hydroxyapatite in biomedical and environmental applications such as contaminant remediation and bone restoration.

This research examines the structural integrity of asphalt pavements in urban areas of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) cities—Riyadh, Dammam, and Dubai—through Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) testing. The study shows a general under-design of base layers with average back-calculated moduli ranging from 200–300 MPa, which is lower than the design standard of 400 MPa. A strong reverse correlation is found between Equivalent Single Axle Loads (ESALs) and asphalt modulus; with every increase of 1 million ESALs, there is a decrease of 10% in modulus. Moreover, ambient temperatures above 45 °C are responsible for a 15% reduction in asphalt stiffness, adding to fatigue and rutting hazards. For solution of these requirements, the paper suggests modified FWD thresholds within the climatic conditions of the Gulf: central deflection (D₀) below 120 µm and Surface Curvature Index (SCI) higher than 0.7. The approach covers a quantitative, non-destructive experimental framework by utilizing FWD surveys in shortlisted urban road corridors with a high volume of traffic. Data analysis entails back-calculation of layer moduli and statistical modeling to determine the effect of traffic loading and temperature fluctuations. The results highlight the need for region-specific pavement design and maintenance practices, incorporating FWD data into Pavement Management Systems (PMS) to improve infrastructure resilience and performance in the GCC region.

Context: This study identifies a set of professional criterion for evaluating online Physical Education (PE) lectures and empirically tests their efficacy on 128 students at Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education (HCMUTE). Findings: Six professional criteriion (PC) were selected through two rounds of expert interviews and Wilcoxon signed-rank testing (P > 0.05): (1) Lecture Introduction; (2) Lecture Content; (3) Learner Interaction; (4) Teaching Materials; (5) Multimedia Usage; and (6) Assessment & Evaluation. The resulting scale demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.809). After eight weeks of implementation, the combined mean score across all six criterion was 3.96/5 (“Agree”), with the highest subscore for Lecture Content (4.13 ± 0.83) and the lowest for Multimedia Usage (3.69 ± 0.97). Coefficients of variation (Cv) fell below 25 % for most criterion, indicating strong consensus among students. Discussion: These findings confirm both the feasibility and professional effectiveness of online PE lectures while suggesting that multimedia design should be further improved to enhance the learning experience.

The pervasive use of polyethylene (PE) bags for cooking and storing staple Nigerian foods poses significant health risks due to heavy metal leaching. This study evaluates the migration of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and antimony (Sb) from transparent (TPB) and black (BPB) polyethylene bags into Garri, Semovita, Moi Moi, and Okpa under cooking conditions. Food samples, prepared using ingredients from Umuahia markets, were cooked in TPB and BPB, digested with nitric acid and aqua regia, and analysed via Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Results revealed alarming contamination: BPB-cooked foods exhibited higher metal transfer, with Pb in Okpa (0.4801 mg/kg) and Cd in Moi Moi (0.3150 mg/kg) exceeding WHO/FAO limits (0.3 mg/kg Pb; 0.1 mg/kg Cd). Significant correlations emerged between As-Sb (r = 0.974, p = 0.0256) in uncooked samples and As-Cd (r = 0.9932, p = 0.000672) in cooked foods, highlighting synergistic leaching risks. Transparent bags also exhibited elevated levels of contamination, although these levels were 20–30% lower than those found in BPB-cooked foods. These findings underscore chronic exposure risks, including carcinogenicity and organ damage. Immediate actions are urged: enforcing bans on non-food-grade plastics, promoting biodegradable alternatives (e.g., plantain leaves), and launching public health campaigns to mitigate dietary heavy metal exposure. This study provides critical evidence for policymakers to prioritize food safety regulations in Nigeria and similar contexts by emphasizing feasible transitions to sustainable packaging.

Virtual and augmented reality are both integrated into mixed reality, enabling users to interact with real or artificial environments based on their needs. Integrating mixed reality into dental loupes could reduce treatment time and minimize the need to constantly look away from patients to consult computer screens. This study aims to determine the impact of mixed reality adoption by examining digital screen usage in X-Guide navigated implant surgeries, and to evaluate whether newly adopted assisted reality for navigated implant surgeries reduces computer screen dependency. This retrospective analysis involves two oral surgeons with a total of 55 treated patients. Data from these practitioners will assess mixed reality implementation in dental loupes, measuring their interactions with digital computers based on the treatment type. All implant surgeries utilized X-Guide by X-Nav Technologies. Statistical analysis was conducted using two-sample t-tests to identify whether the usage of assisted reality glasses in implant surgeries reduces treatment time and computer usage. An ANOVA test revealed significant variance in computer usage, indicating that mixed reality benefits vary across oral surgical procedures. Two independent two-sample t-tests revealed a statistically significant 22.1% reduction in treatment time and an 66.7% reduction in computer usage in X-Guide implant surgeries utilizing assisted reality. The findings on computer usage indicated that oral surgery could benefit significantly from mixed reality adoption. Digital implant surgeries with mixed reality integrated loupes would be more advantageous for implant procedures by enabling hand interaction, a feature not available in the screen-mirroring assisted reality glasses used in this study.

The transportation agreement in Indonesia is a reciprocal agreement, between the carrier and the sender. Article 468 of the Commercial Code, which regulates the carrier's responsibility for losses due to transportation and Article 193 of the UULLAJ which is a special provision regulating the carrier's responsibility in land transportation law, have weaknesses that have implications for legal disputes, legal uncertainty over damage or loss of goods being transported. The purpose of this study is to examine and find weaknesses in regulations on liability due to errors in the event of an uncertain event in land transportation that are currently not based on the value of justice and how to reconstruct the law. The author uses a constructivism paradigm with a socio-legal research approach that is descriptive analytical. The collection method and type of data used are sourced from primary and secondary data. Data analysis was carried out using a qualitative analysis method. The results of the study show that the Weaknesses in legal substance, weaknesses of Article 468 of the Commercial Code and Article 193 of the UULLAJ, weaknesses in legal culture/culture, namely the weakness of traffic supervisors from the Police and transportation and a culture of lawlessness in transportation. Reconstruction of the value of the principle of responsibility due to errors in the event of an uncertain event in land transportation includes strengthening regulatory compliance in logistics, creating compliance with business efficiency, utilizing the role of technology in ensuring compliance, utilizing insurance and customer protection. Reconstruction of norms is carried out on several articles including Article 468 to become (1) The transportation agreement promises the carrier to maintain the safety of goods to be transported from the time of receipt to the time of delivery. (2) The carrier is responsible for damage or loss of goods if the loss is caused by the error of the carrier or its agent. (3) The carrier is not responsible if the loss is caused by other factors such as the nature of the goods, the condition of the goods, or the sender's error. (4) The losses as referred to in paragraph (2) are calculated based on the actual losses experienced. Article 193 paragraph (1) of the UULLAJ states that the Public Transportation Company is responsible for losses suffered by the sender of the goods because the goods are destroyed, lost, or damaged due to the provision of transportation, unless it is proven that the destruction, loss, or damage of the goods was caused by the nature of the goods, the condition of the goods or the sender's error.

Background: Placenta accreta is a severe pregnancy complication causing postpartum hemorrhage, bladder injury, and peripartum hysterectomy. Ultrasonography for antenatal diagnosis of PAS disorder has shown reduced maternal morbidity and death, making it crucial for management. This study determined the diagnostic value of ultrasound for the antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum in women with placenta previa. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Dhaka Medical College from June 2022 to May 2023. Forty pregnant women with placenta previa attending the outpatient section were included. Patients underwent ultrasound to assess the placenta and diagnose placenta accreta spectrum. Patients were followed until delivery. Pregnancy outcomes and perioperative diagnoses were observed or obtained from hospital records. Results: The mean age was 30.58 ± 3.82 years, with the majority of participants aged 30–40 years. About 52.5% had parity ≥3, 60% had cesarean section ≥2, and 20% had previous placenta previa. A significant link existed between parity (≥3), cesarean history (≥2), age (≥32 years), and preoperative PAS diagnosis. Ultrasonography showed that 72.5% had a placenta accreta spectrum, while intraoperative findings showed 80%. Among PAS cases, placenta increta (40.6%) and percreta (40.6%) were most common, followed by accreta (18.8%). In management, 87.5% underwent peripartum hysterectomy, and 21.5% had bladder injury repair. Based on perioperative identification, USG showed 84.38% sensitivity, 75.00% specificity, and 82.50% accuracy. Conclusion: Eighty percent of participants had placenta accreta syndrome. PAS was linked with age over thirty-two, higher parity, and multiple cesarean sections. Most needed peripartum hysterectomy, and one-fifth required bladder repair. Antenatal ultrasonography is a feasible diagnostic tool with sufficient accuracy that may reduce peripartum complications.

This project presents the development of AI-based facial recognition smart glasses designed to assist visually challenged individuals in identifying people around them. The smart glasses integrate a compact camera with an AI-powered facial recognition system to detect and recognize faces in real time. The recognized faces are then conveyed to the user via an audio output system, enabling seamless interaction in social environments. The system utilizes machine learning algorithms to enhance accuracy and adaptability, allowing users to register and recall known faces. The proposed solution aims to improve the independence and confidence of visually impaired individuals by providing an accessible and user-friendly assistive technology. Through rigorous testing and optimization, the smart glasses demonstrate significant potential in enhancing the daily lives of visually challenged users.

Gut feeling is what is equivalent to intuition & that is why having a healthy gut is very critical. The gut goes through a myriad of issues like Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD), Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) & Celiac Disease (CD). The high calorie, low fibre or the fast foods contribute to gut issues. The uses of pre-biotic & pro-biotic foods have escalated as the gut related issues have cropped up as the mental issues have catalyzed the gut related issue. The relevance of the article has increased in current circumstances as the new COVID variant of 2025 is attacking the gut. Crohn’s disease is also touched upon in the article while also establishing a link between the gut & the Parkinson’s Disease (PD). As the issue of individualized approach gets a focus among the therapeutics, the article discusses the role of Homoeopathy which is an individualized system of treatment. Further, it delves into other modalities of homoeopathy as a therapeutic approach at mass level.