Introduction: Infertility affects about 15% of reproductive-age couples globally and is a highly stressful experience, especially for women facing psychological, social, and cultural impacts. Employment status may influence how women cope with infertility stress. Objective: To compare perceived mental stress levels between working and non-working infertile women attending selected infertility centres in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and to identify associated socio-demographic, reproductive, and social factors. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study from January to December 2022 was conducted at Mohammadpur Fertility Services and Training Center and BSMMU, Dhaka. It involved 110 infertile women (55 working, 55 non-working), aged 20-49, with primary infertility, selected via purposive sampling. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with a pretested semi-structured questionnaire including the PSS-10. Height and weight were measured for BMI. SPSS v25 was used for analysis, employing descriptive stats, t-tests, chi-square, Fisher's exact tests, and regression, with p<0.05 as significant. Results: Working women had higher education (43.6% graduates vs 16.4%, p=0.001) and income (39,845 BDT vs 26,735 BDT, p=0.001), married later (22.16 vs 19.99 years, p=0.011), and shorter infertility duration (4.72 vs 6.05 years, p=0.022). Among working women, 61.8% had moderate stress and 36.4% low stress, while among non-working women, 89.1% had moderate stress and 7.3% had low stress (p=0.001). Marriage duration was linked to stress only among non-working women (p=0.031), with >5 years married experiencing higher stress. Caffeine intake correlated with stress only among non-working women (p=0.041). Social stigma was more common among non-working women (60.0% vs 49.1%). Conclusion: Non-working infertile women face higher moderate mental stress than working women. Employment acts as a protective factor via financial independence, social identity, and coping resources. Support services should target non-working women, who encounter greater social stigma, longer infertility duration, and fewer coping resources.

Portfolio management in Nigeria’s upstream oil and gas industry is critical for optimizing asset performance, mitigating operational and financial risks, and ensuring long-term profitability. Given the capital-intensive and high-risk nature of upstream petroleum operations, a structured framework integrating asset allocation, diversification, risk governance, performance monitoring, and investment screening is essential. This study examines portfolio management practices within Nigeria’s upstream sector, with emphasis on economic feasibility evaluation tools including Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Payback Period, Profitability Index, and Break-even Oil Price analysis. The study further analyses key portfolio components such as goal setting, action planning, capital allocation, rebalancing, reporting, and risk management within the context of Nigeria’s regulatory and fiscal environment. The findings highlight the importance of integrated financial and strategic decision-making in enhancing investment resilience, optimizing resource utilization, and promoting sustainable sector growth. The study provides a practical framework for policymakers, regulators, and upstream operators seeking to strengthen portfolio performance in a volatile energy market.

This article critically examines the incorporation of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) mechanisms into the administration of criminal justice in Nigeria, with particular emphasis on the reformist objectives underlying their adoption and the absence of a coherent structural and legal foundation to support their effective implementation. While the integration of ADR is intended to decongest courts, promote restorative justice, and enhance access to justice, Nigeria’s criminal justice system remains predominantly adversarial and retributive. This structural orientation generates significant tension between entrenched procedural norms and emerging reformist aspirations. The article identifies persistent legislative gaps, institutional weaknesses, procedural ambiguities, and inconsistencies in policy and practice that undermine the operational viability of ADR in criminal proceedings. It further interrogates the suitability and enforceability of ADR outcomes, particularly in cases involving serious offences where public interest considerations and victims’ rights are paramount. Employing doctrinal and empirical methodologies, the study argues that, in the absence of comprehensive legal reform, institutional capacity building, and normative reorientation of justice sector actors, the adoption of ADR in criminal justice constitutes a largely symbolic reform. The article concludes by proposing a structured framework for the principled integration of ADR into Nigeria’s criminal justice system, grounded in legislative coherence, institutional accountability, and restorative justice values, with a view to ensuring its long-term effectiveness and legitimacy.

Background: Pediatric ameloblastoma is an uncommon odontogenic tumor that demonstrates clinicopathologic characteristics distinct from adult cases. Precise delineation of demographic distribution, anatomic predilection, radiographic presentation, and histopathologic subtypes is essential for risk-adapted surgical planning and improved long-term outcomes. Objective: To characterize the demographic, clinical, radiographic, and histopathological features of ameloblastoma in children and adolescents treated at a tertiary referral center in Lagos State, Nigeria, and to evaluate predictors of biologic tumor type. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 63 patients younger than 18 years diagnosed with ameloblastoma between 2013 and 2025. Data collected included age, sex, duration of symptoms, tumor site, radiographic appearance, and histopathologic classification according to the 2022 WHO criteria. Associations between biologic type [unicystic vs. conventional] and clinical variables were examined using chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of conventional ameloblastoma among 59 cases with specified classification. Results: The majority of patients were aged 11–15 years [42.9%], followed by 16–18 years [38.1%]; no cases occurred below 6 years. Males predominated [63.5%]. Tumors overwhelmingly involved the mandible [90.5%], with maxillary lesions accounting for 3.2%. Conventional ameloblastoma constituted 49.2% of cases, unicystic ameloblastoma 44.4%, and 6.3% were unspecified. Plexiform architecture predominated among conventional tumors [25.4% of total cohort], whereas the mural variant was most frequent among unicystic lesions [22.2%]. Radiographic appearance demonstrated a strong association with biologic type: 96.4% of unicystic tumors were unilocular, while 96.8% of conventional tumors were multilocular [p < 0.001]. On multivariable analysis, increasing age [OR 1.328 per year; 95% CI 1.067–1.654; p = 0.011], male sex [OR 4.208; 95% CI 1.516–11.681; p = 0.006], and multilocular radiographic pattern [OR 133.2; 95% CI 12.61–1407.3; p < 0.001] independently predicted conventional ameloblastoma. Duration of symptoms was not significantly associated with biologic type. Conclusion: Pediatric ameloblastoma in this cohort demonstrated teenage predominance, significant male preponderance in conventional tumors, and marked mandibular localization. Conventional ameloblastoma slightly exceeded unicystic ameloblastoma. Multilocular radiographic appearance, older age, and male sex were strong independent predictors of conventional histology. These findings underscore the importance of integrating demographic and imaging features with histopathologic classification to guide surgical decision-making in pediatric patients.

This study focused on demonstrating the inhibitory activity of essential oils from four aromatic plants, Cymbopogon citratus, C. giganteus, Eucalyptus globulus, and Syzygium aromaticum, on strains of Candida albicans and Microsporum spp. in the Kisangani region. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and the antifungal activity was evaluated by aromatogram. The results revealed that, on the C. albicans strain, the average inhibition diameter was 3 mm for C. citratus essential oil, 1 mm for C. giganteus and E. globulus essential oils, and 24 mm for S. aromaticum essential oil. Furthermore, on the Microsporum spp. strain, the average inhibition diameter was 16 mm for C. citratus essential oil, 15.5 mm for C. giganteus essential oil, 8 mm for E. globulus essential oil, and 12 mm for S. aromaticum essential oil. This study shows that the inhibition diameters of the essential oils of the plant species studied have different activities on the two fungal strains (C. albicans and Microsporum spp.) tested. However, using Student's t-test, the probability obtained is p-value = 0.01, indicating a very significant difference in sensitivity between the two strains tested.

Background: Saddle block anesthesia is widely used for perianal surgeries; however, postoperative analgesia remains limited when local anesthetics are used alone. This study aimed to compare the effects of intrathecal dexmedetomidine and fentanyl as adjuvants to hyperbaric bupivacaine in saddle block for perianal surgeries Methods: This observational study in the Department of Anaesthesia, Analgesia, and Intensive Care Medicine at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Hospital enrolled 64 adults (ASA I–II, 40–60 years) undergoing perianal surgery under saddle block, randomly receiving hyperbaric bupivacaine 7.5 mg with fentanyl 15 μg or dexmedetomidine 5 μg; outcomes included duration of analgesia, pain, sensory and motor block, hemodynamics, patient satisfaction, and adverse events, analyzed using SPSS v23.0. Results: Among 64 patients (mean age 45.3 ± 8.5 years; 48 males, 75%), postoperative VAS scores were lower in the dexmedetomidine group at all time points (peak 4 h: 2.75 vs 3.75). Duration of analgesia was longer with dexmedetomidine (278.5 ± 16.2 min) than fentanyl (198.7 ± 25.2 min, P = 0.0001). Motor and sensory block durations were also prolonged (162.5 vs 126.5 min and 292.1 vs 205.6 min, respectively). Hemodynamics remained stable, and adverse events were minimal (hypotension 2/32 vs 0/32; nausea/vomiting 5/32 vs 8/32; pruritus 4/32 vs 0/32). Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to hyperbaric bupivacaine in perianal surgeries under saddle block offers longer analgesia, lower pain scores, and faster sensory block onset than fentanyl.

Background: Pilonidal sinus is a chronic disease of the sacrococcygeal region, commonly seen in young adults, and is characterized by midline pits in the natal cleft associated with hair. This study was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of the Limberg flap procedure in the treatment of primary pilonidal sinus, including postoperative complications, duration of hospital stay, and time to return to work. Methods: This prospective observational study at the Department of Colorectal Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh (July 2019–August 2020), included 18 adults with primary pilonidal sinus. Excluding acute abscess and recurrent cases, patients underwent Limberg flap surgery under spinal anesthesia. Demographic, clinical, and outcome data were recorded, with follow-up at 2 weeks, and 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 9th months. Data were analyzed using SPSS® 24. Results: Among 18 patients undergoing Limberg flap repair, mean age was 26.9 ± 5.2 years, 88.9% were male, and most had BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m². Single external opening was present in 83.3%. Mean operative time was 88.8 ± 12.7 minutes, hospital stay 4.17 ± 0.7 days, drain removal 3.4 ± 0.7 days, suture removal 12.9 ± 1.7 days, and return to work 12.7 ± 1.8 days. Postoperative complications occurred in 5 patients (27.7%), with no recurrences. Four of 5 overweight patients developed complications (r = 0.93, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The Limberg flap is a safe and effective treatment for sacrococcygeal pilonidal sinus, offering low recurrence, minimal complications, and rapid recovery.

This study focuses on the significant challenges China's Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) faces in global dissemination, such as limited accessibility, passive reception, and cultural barriers, by empirically investigating the efficacy of a generative AI-enhanced Virtual Reality (VR) experience titled "Yunyue Shanhai · Zhihui Dongfang" in fostering interest and understanding among foreign university students. Employing a quasi-experimental design with 50 international students from five universities, the research utilized a VR system featuring multi-modal interaction, virtual inheritor dialogues, and real-time English translation to bridge linguistic gaps, measuring outcomes through pre- and post-experience surveys on interest levels, knowledge acquisition, and cross-cultural communication willingness. The study is grounded in the concept of "embodied cognition," which posits that learning is enhanced when users physically interact with virtual environments rather than passively observe them [1]. Quantitative analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in participants' interest, with mean scores rising from a baseline of approximately 3.57 to 4.53 (p<0.05), while 64% of participants reported increase in accurately named ICH items, 78% expressed willingness to engage in offline activities, and 86% indicated they would recommend the experience; qualitative feedback further identified immersion, interactivity, and cultural adaptability as key engagement drivers. This approach aligns with the broader trend of "blending AI and tradition to bridge cultures," as identified in recent reports on cultural preservation [2]. These findings demonstrate that integrating VR technology with generative AI effectively transforms passive observation into active, embodied participation, providing robust empirical support for utilizing immersive digital technologies as vital tools for the global revitalization and transmission of intangible cultural heritage.

We present the forty-ninth edition of the Handbook of the Jewish Question. It constitutes the most substantial compendium of data available up to 1944 concerning German Jewry. Everything predicted by Fritsch and others has come to pass: the US has been colonized by international Jewry. It remains unclear to me whether the US considers Israel its 51st state or whether Israel considers the US a client state. Colloquially on social media, people refer to it as the Jewish United States of America and the Zionist-Owned Government (ZOG). Given this case and the vast amount of information available, a new edition of the Handbook of the Jewish Question, this time dedicated to the US, is necessary. The fact that Trump's USA is fighting the Jewish wars is a trivial fact that needs no proof. What is curious is Trump's clear desperation to cooperate in the creation of what is called 'Greater Israel' and to provide the weapons for the genocide of the Palestinian people. To match nuclear weapons, the use of biological weapons is seen on the horizon.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents nearly 85% of lung cancer cases globally and remains a major cause of cancer mortality. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors improve survival, durable responses occur in a limited number of patients, highlighting the urgent need for reliable, minimally invasive predictive biomarkers. Objective: To evaluate whether specific serum protein signatures can predict clinical response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with NSCLC. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2024 to December 2024. A total of 67 histologically confirmed NSCLC patients receiving ICI therapy were enrolled using purposive sampling. Baseline serum samples were obtained before treatment and analyzed for selected protein biomarkers related to immune regulation and inflammation. Clinical response was evaluated at 12 weeks using the RECIST criteria. Data were processed in SPSS 23.0, applying logistic regression and ROC curve analyses. Results: Of the 67 patients, 29 (43.3%) achieved partial response or stable disease, whereas 38 (56.7%) experienced disease progression. Higher baseline pro-inflammatory protein levels were significantly associated with poor response (p<0.05), while elevated immune-activating proteins predicted favorable outcomes (p<0.01). The combined serum protein signature showed strong predictive accuracy (AUC=0.81; 95% CI: 0.70–0.91). Conclusion: Distinct serum protein signatures may serve as non-invasive predictive biomarkers for clinical response to ICIs in NSCLC patients. These findings support further validation in larger, multicenter studies to optimize personalized immunotherapy strategies.

Cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) involves a multidisciplinary and longitudinal care paradigm that provides a rational climate within which collaborative AI systems can buttress clinical decision-making. This study seeks to summarize how Artificial Intelligence AI has been integrated into CLP management by reviewing relevant publications over the past decade while focusing on the deployment of AI into CLP care along the entire care continuum. A pre-existing systematic review analyzing AI in children with CLP was a Foundational Evidence for the study and narratively updated with more recent pediatric craniofacial and orthognathic literature involving CLP subgroups. Other eligible studies had to have leveraged AI or machine learning for CLP-related tasks including diagnosis, landmarking, segmentation, surgical prediction, presurgical orthopedics, or functional outcome evaluation. The results are summarized by clinical domain. Twelve CLP-preferential studies from the prior systematic review, with a number of related craniofacial studies were reported. Across the domains, models tended to record clinically acceptable errors or good classification, reduced clinician’s manual workload, and provided standardized (and readily shareable) outcomes for multidisciplinary participation. The majority of publications were retrospective and single-center with small sample sizes and scant external validation. Collaborative AI in CLP care has advanced to early clinical workflows along the care continuum, essentially augmenting clinician’s expertise. Equity, ethics, and scalability of implementation will require robust multicenter validation, diverse datasets, governance frameworks, and clinician AI literacy

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Discovery Learning model in analyzing the structure and language of biographical texts for grade X students of SMK Al-Falah Tanjungjaya in the 2025/2026 academic year. The research method used was a quasi- experimental method. Data collection techniques used were interviews and tests. The sample of this study was 10th-grade students at TJKT 1 as the experimental class and 10th-grade students at TJKT 2 as the control class. Based on the results, the average score obtained by students in the experimental class was 90.24 and the average score obtained by the control class was 80.63. This indicates that the Discovery Learning model significantly influenced the learning outcomes of 10th-grade students at SMK Al-Falah Tanjungjaya in the 2025/2026 academic year in analyzing the structure and language of biographical texts.

Background: Eclampsia remains a significant cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in low-resource settings. Despite advances in obstetric care, it continues to pose a grave challenge in Bangladesh, necessitating local data to guide clinical management and public health interventions. Objective: To evaluate the frequency and nature of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with eclampsia. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at Nilphamari Medical College, Nilphamari, from January 2024 to December 2024. A total of 87 eclamptic patients were enrolled using a purposive sampling technique. Data on clinical profiles, maternal complications, and fetal outcomes were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Results: The majority of patients were aged 20-30 years (68%) and primigravida (71%). Antepartum eclampsia was the most common type (62%). Major maternal morbidities included acute kidney injury (18%), pulmonary edema (13%), and cerebrovascular accidents (5%). The maternal mortality rate was 4.6%. Perinatal outcomes revealed a high rate of preterm birth (48%), low birth weight (55%), and stillbirth (16%). The perinatal mortality rate was 21%. Admission to the neonatal intensive care unit was required for 58% of the live-born babies. Conclusion: Eclampsia is associated with substantial maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in this setting. The findings underscore the urgent need for improved antenatal care, early detection of pre-eclampsia, and prompt, effective management of eclamptic seizures and complications to enhance maternal and fetal outcomes.

Aim of the study was to find out the upshot of Cloistered Pilates Exercises, Cloistered Yogic practices and coalesce of Pilates exercises and Yogic practices on Genu varum Blemish of Ambipedal Jock. For this study sixty (N=60) school level male jocks who were studying various schools in Virajpet Kodagu, Karnataka were selected as subjects. The age of the subjects was ranged between 12 to 14 years. Group-I underwent cloistered Pilates exercises (CPEG), Group-II underwent cloistered yogic practices (CYPG), Group-III underwent Coalesce of Pilates exercises and Yogic practices (CPEYPG) and Group-IV was acted as CG (CG). Genu varum Blemish was selected as dependent variable and it was assessed by Postural Grid Chart. The duration of the training period was restricted to twelve weeks and number of sessions is five days per week. The data was collected prior to and immediately after the training period of twelve weeks. The data obtained from the experimental groups before and after the experimental period were analyzed by using the statistical technique with depended ‘t’ test and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Whenever, the obtained ‘F’ ratio for the adjusted post-test was found to be significant the Scheffe's Post hoc test was used to access the paired mean differences. In all cases, 0.05 level is fixed as level of confidence to test the significance which is considered as appropriate. The results of the study observed that there is a significant difference among cloistered Pilate’s exercises group, cloistered CYPG and coalesce of Pilate’s exercises and CYPG and control group. Further the results of the study concluded that coalesce of Pilate’s exercises and CYPG is better than groups.

This study presents a one-step solvothermal approach for the preparation of Electric Arc Furnace steel slag nanocomposite (EAF-SSNC) aimed at converting CO2 into hydrogen and methanol. The EAF-SSNC was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The SEM analysis revealed a spherical and heterogeneous structure with macropores, while EDX results indicated a composition of 26.3 wt% O, 32.4 wt% Fe, 11.94 wt% Si, 0.27 wt% Ti, 3.26 wt% Al, 2.93 wt% Mg, 20.43 wt% Ca, and 2.47 wt% Mn. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of multiple crystalline phases, including Andradite, Hematite, and Calcite. The photocatalytic performance of the EAF-SSNC was evaluated under varying dosages (10-60 mg/L) at a reactor temperature of 30°C and a flow rate of 500 μl/min, with a total water volume of 60 ml. The total organic carbon (TOC) levels were quantitatively assessed using a TOC analyzer, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to analyze the liquid products, which revealed that methanol (CH3OH) was the predominant product, whereas HCHO was the minor one. The findings suggest that EAF-SSNC can serve as an effective catalyst for CO2 reduction, addressing environmental concerns associated with steel slag disposal while contributing to sustainable carbon management strategies. This research highlights the potential of utilizing industrial by-products in innovative ways to mitigate environmental impact and promote resource recovery.