Much recent studies in trying to discover a more accurate and reliable method in age estimation have been ongoing. The study aimed at estimating age using the metrical parameters of the tibia bone. Long bones adjudged to be reliable also offer researchers an easy-to-use approach for its robustness and uniqueness. The cadaveric samples included bones of the right tibia of 78 males (53 profiled and 25 non-profiled for age) who are within the age range of 21 and 60 years. A convenience sampling technique was utilized for the bone collection. Two to three bone sections were collected from the mid-shaft of the right tibia using a hacksaw. The data was analyzed with SPSS 25. The findings showed that the mean of the marrow cavity diameter (MCD), marrow area (MA), radius, and area of cortex were 2.15 ± 0.07, 4.10 ± 0.27, 0.36 ± 0.01, and 0.45 ± 0.04, respectively. ANOVA test for variation shows a statistically significant (P=0) variation in the MCD and MA between the different age groups studied. The variation in the area of cortex was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The MCD, MA, and the radius of the cortex show weak correlation with age (r= 0.264, 0.363, and 0.031), and are hence poor assessors of age in males using the tibia.

Background: Healthcare workers in resource-constrained settings experience significant occupational stressors that may influence coping behaviours and psychological wellbeing. Objective: To examine the relationship between frustration, sociodemographic characteristics, and coping styles among healthcare workers in a tertiary hospital in North-Central Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 385 healthcare workers using stratified sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale (BPNSFS), and the Brief COPE inventory. Descriptive statistics summarized participant characteristics and workplace stressors. Pearson and partial correlation analyses assessed relationships between frustration and coping styles. Multiple linear regression identified independent predictors of maladaptive coping. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Workplace frustration was highly prevalent, driven by workload, inadequate equipment, and poor remuneration. Adaptive coping strategies predominated, particularly active coping, planning, and religious coping. Frustration was not associated with adaptive coping (r = –0.017, p = 0.737) but was significantly associated with maladaptive coping (r = 0.266, p < 0.001). This relationship remained significant after adjusting for sociodemographic variables (r = 0.241, p < 0.01). Regression analysis showed that frustration independently predicted maladaptive coping (β = 0.266, p < 0.001), while longer professional experience was protective. Conclusion: Healthcare workers demonstrated resilience through adaptive coping strategies; however, increased frustration is associated with greater reliance on maladaptive coping. Addressing structural stressors is essential to improve coping and wellbeing.

Background: Health care waste management constitutes one of major public health concerns of modern health care. Since the healthcare workers are at the forefront of the waste generation, their knowledge on its management and hazard prevention is a major determinant of safe handling practices and effective infection control. Methodology: Present study has been conducted as a cross-sectional study among a convenient sample of health care workers, in King Salman Hospital Riyadh (N=131), during July-August 2024. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the quantitative data, in both English and Arabic language. The questions were asked under three main domains of the waste management; segregation, transportation and hazard prevention. Result: Out of total 133 study participants, majority of our study participants were nursing staff (77%, 103/133), in the age group of 31-40 years (54%, 72/133) and been working at our hospital for 2-5 years (46%, 61/133). For the survey items, the positive responses ranged from 72%-98%, 81-96% and 81-100% among the segregation, transportation and hazard prevention domains respectively. Conclusion: We have observed a high level of knowledge and awareness regarding hazardous waste management among healthcare workers, reflecting the efforts taken for continuous capacity building.

Background: Suicide is the leading cause of unnatural death worldwide. Over the past five decades, there has been noticeable increase in suicide rates around the globe. The pattern of suicide fatalities in a particular community is reflected in the relationship between an individual's mental health and social status. Suicide is influenced by a wide range of cultural and socio-economic factors, as well as quality of life of an individual. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the demographics and trends of suicidal deaths at a Tertiary Health Center in Bangladesh. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at The Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study covered all suicidal deaths that occurred between 2022 to 2024. In all cases, a complete post-mortem examination was performed and findings were recorded. Details of all suicidal deaths regarding age, gender, religion, marital status and mode of death were duly documented. Results: A total of 446 cases were evaluated, of them 208 were male and 238 were female. Maximum (44.11%) cases were in 21-30 years age group followed by 42.01% were in 11-20 years age group then 8.82% were in 31-40 years age group. Regarding the marital status majority (65.02%) of the cases were married in both genders. Among the study cases hanging (64.13%) was the most adapted method to commit suicide followed by poisoning (35.87%). Conclusion: The current study demonstrated that suicidal deaths are prevalent among females and married individuals. Adolescent and young adults are vulnerable to suicidal deaths. Hanging is the most adapted method to commit suicide followed by poisoning. To lower suicide rates particularly in adolescent and young adults, a well-designed comprehensive program is required that will identify the causative factors and may aid in suicide prevention.

Hyperthyroidism is a significant endocrine disorder characterized by excess synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones. Although hypothyroidism has drawn more attention in India, hyperthyroidism represents a growing public health concern, particularly in iodine-replete regions where autoimmune etiologies increasingly predominate. This paper reviews recent epidemiological data, risk determinants, and the national context of thyroid function disorders, focusing on the prevalence and distribution of hyperthyroidism across India. Analysis draws on large-scale epidemiological studies, regional hospital-based surveys, and meta-analytic reviews. Overall, the prevalence of overt and subclinical hyperthyroidism in India ranges between 1–3%, with notable gender, age, and geographic variation. Determinants include autoimmune susceptibility, iodine intake patterns, environmental goitrogens, stress, and genetic predisposition. The findings underscore the need for continuous surveillance, targeted screening in vulnerable populations, and integration of thyroid health into national non-communicable disease programs.

Pulmonary sequestration (PS) is a rare congenital bronchopulmonary malformation characterized by nonfunctional lung tissue lacking communication with the tracheobronchial tree and a receiving systemic arterial supply. Intralobar sequestration (ILS), the most common subtype, is usually diagnosed during childhood or early adulthood and is rarely identified after the age of 50. ILS usually manifests with hemoptysis or recurrent pulmonary infection. We report the case of a 53-year-old woman with a history of rheumatic mitral regurgitation and rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate and corticosteroids, who presented with mild exertional dyspnea and constitutional deterioration. Pulmonary function tests showed preserved ventilatory function and normal diffusing capacity, with no exercise-induced desaturation. Chest computed tomography revealed cystic lesions in the left lower lobe supplied by an aberrant artery arising from the descending thoracic aorta, consistent with intralobar pulmonary sequestration. This case highlights an unusual late diagnosis of ILS in a patient with autoimmune disease and emphasizes the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced computed tomography as well as the importance of individualized therapeutic decision-making.

Background: Chronic inflammatory rhinosinusitis (CIRS) is a prevalent ENT condition whose burden is amplified in elderly patients by immunosenescence, polypharmacy, and atypical clinical presentations. Conventional management strategies show significant limitations in this population. Objective: To review the current evidence on artificial intelligence (AI) applications for the diagnosis, treatment planning, and follow-up of CIRS, with a focus on elderly-specific challenges and opportunities. Methods: A narrative review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Search terms included “artificial intelligence,” “machine learning,” “deep learning,” “chronic rhinosinusitis,” “elderly,” and “decision support.” Articles published between 2013 and 2025 in English were included. Results: AI demonstrates significant potential across all phases of CIRS management: automated CT sinus segmentation, endoscopic polyp detection, biotherapy response prediction, post-FESS recurrence-risk modeling, and intelligent remote monitoring. In elderly patients, AI’s capacity to integrate comorbidities and detect atypical imaging patterns yields clinically meaningful advantages. Conclusion: AI represents a pivotal step toward precision medicine in elderly CIRS management. Widespread clinical integration requires rigorous validation on geriatric cohorts, ethical governance, and structured clinician training.

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding due to ovulatory dysfunction (AUB-O) is a common gynaecological problem in women of reproductive age. Thyroid hormones influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, ovarian steroidogenesis, sex hormone-binding globulin, and endometrial response. Therefore, both overt and subclinical thyroid dysfunction may present with menstrual disturbances. Objective: To determine the association between thyroid disorders and AUB-O, compare serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT4) levels between cases and controls, and describe the pattern of menstrual abnormality in relation to thyroid status. Methods: This case-control study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 2015 to November 2016. Sixty (60) women aged 18-45 years with diagnosed AUB-O were compared with 60 matched controls with normal menstrual patterns. Serum TSH and FT4 were measured by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Data were analyzed and compared by statistical tests. Results: Thyroid dysfunction was significantly more frequent among cases than controls (50.0% versus 21.7%; OR 3.62, 95% CI 1.52-8.69; p= 0.001). Mean serum TSH was higher in cases than controls (12.6±10.6 versus 6.4±21.2 mIU/L; p= 0.045), and mean serum FT4 was also significantly higher (2.4±3.6 versus 1.3±0.7 ng/dl; p= 0.021). Menorrhagia was the commonest complaint (46.7%). Hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism were mainly associated with menorrhagia, whereas hyperthyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism were mainly associated with oligomenorrhoea. Anaemia was significantly more common in cases than controls (60.0% versus 15.0%; p= 0.001). Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction was significantly associated with AUB-O in reproductive-age women. Routine thyroid function assessment, particularly serum TSH and FT4, should be included in the evaluation of women with AUB-O to support targeted medical treatment and reduce unnecessary hormonal or surgical intervention.

Magnesium (Mg) is the second most abundant intracellular cation and the fourth most abundant mineral in the human body. Mg is involved in multiple biochemical reactions, and its numerous activities are beneficial to our bodies. This review outlines the health significance of Mg in its physiologically beneficial role in function, the sources of dietary Mg along with symptoms of Mg deficiency and the health problems that come from it. Mg is a cofactor in various (more than 300) enzymes and essential for the synthesis of certain neurotransmitters, muscle cells’ capacity to contract and relax, and brain functionality. The proper levels of Mg in cells are achieved through membrane channels and transporters (e.g., TRPM7, MagT1, SLC41A1). These include green leafy vegetables, nuts, seeds, legumes, and whole grains as good sources for Mg. Low levels of such an essential substance in the body can heighten susceptibility to chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular morbidity. And inadequate Mg can manifest in symptoms like muscle weakness, fatigue, and cardiac arrhythmias. Not only that, but adequate Mg is needed to maintain bone density and reduce susceptibility to osteoporosis. A sufficient intake of Mg will help to mitigate health problems caused by a deficit of Mg and reduce the incidence of chronic diseases. Healthcare providers need to educate patients on consuming Mg-rich foods and, when indicated, when Mg supplementation is indicated, especially with high-risk individuals and/or those with chronic conditions.