Intraosseous or intradiploic arachnoid cysts of the cranial vault are extremely rare lesions, representing herniations of the arachnoid membrane through a dural and inner table defect. A 35-year-old woman presented with progressive headaches and a slowly enlarging, non-tender left parietal swelling without any history of trauma. Imaging revealed a left parietal intraosseous cystic lesion with CSF-like signal intensity, thinning of the outer table, and communication with the subarachnoid space. Surgical exploration confirmed multiple small openings in the outer table with CSF outflow and an underlying dural defect. The cyst was excised, the dura repaired watertight, and the cranial vault reconstructed. The postoperative course was uneventful, and follow-up imaging at three months showed no recurrence. This case highlights an exceptional presentation of an intraosseous arachnoid cyst with dural communication. Recognition of this rare entity is essential for accurate diagnosis and proper surgical management.

Collision tumors are defined as ≥2 histologically distinct tumors existing in the same anatomic location. Generally, collision tumors are rare, and if they occur in the sellar region, common combinations are pituitary adenoma with Rathke cleft cyst (most common), however the association of pituitary tumors with hypopthalamic tumors remains extremely rare. We report in an observation the case of a pituitary adenoma diagnosed after 5 years of a surgical cure of a craniopharyngioma. Although described in a few observations through the medical literature, it is an extremely rare condition illustrating the possibility of having 2 different neoplasias, within the hypothalamic-pituitary region. The chronology of the appearance of the 2 histological entities (or more than 2) is decisive first on a semantic level, this then allowing to better classify into one of collision, composite, or in coexistence forms. The management of these tumors of the pituitary region involves effective surgery but also a good endocrine evaluation in order to treat pituitary hormone deficiencies, sometimes with a vital prognosis (replacement with corticosteroids and thyroxin), or functional (GH, sexual steroids and gonadotrophins). The prognosis of these tumors that occurred in a collision mode remains less good compared to solitary tumors of the hypothalamic and hypopjhyseal region.

Hemangioblastomas are sporadic tumors found in the cerebellum or spinal cord. Supratentorial hemangioblastoma are exceedingly rare tumors. We present a case of cerebral hemangioblastoma not associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease. A 35-year-old woman was admitted to a hospital with one mouth history of headache associated with partial seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a giant cystic mass occupying much of the right frontal hemisphere, with a hyperdense mural nodule. During surgery, the cyst was evacuated, and the mural nodule was completely excised. The postoperative course was uneventful. The histopathologic findings were considered consistent with hemangioblastoma. The finding of a cyst with a mural tumor nodule in the cerebral hemispheres suggests primarly a benign astrocytoma, but other tumors can present in a similar form. The treatment of choice for supratentorial hemangioblastoma is surgical resection. We report a case of supratentorial hemangioblastoma, review the literature, and discuss the radiopathological correlation and diagnostic difficulties associated with such lesions.

ATD angle is important dermatoglyphic trait that is being used for medical purposes. The study aimed at determining the ATD angle of autistic and control subjects in Nigeria. A total of 200 subjects was used, 100 autistic (82 males and 18 females) and 100 (65 males and 35 females) control subjects. The subjects were selected from various special schools in Nigeria using convenient sampling. Scanning method was used to collect the data. After that an Autocad software was used to measure the three tri-radii on the palm to get Atd angle. The data obtained were analysed using SSPS and Mann-Whitney U test was used to test for the results. The result showed a lower atd angle for autism than control subjects for both sexes and both hands and for females’ subjects. However, the left hand of male autistic subjects showed higher Atd angle when compared to the control subjects. The results revealed no significant difference between the Atd angle of autistic and control subjects (P>0.05) in Nigeria. Conclusively, the study deduced that ATD angle alone may not be enough in screening autism as it may not differentiate autism from control.

Congenital Hypothyroidism is a rare but serious malformative pathology, subject to congenital screening in several countries around the world. its impact once omitted is serious and irreversible. The form with agenesis of the thyroid gland called athyreosis can be associated with several malformations, cardiac, renal or skeletal. Patients living with athyreosis most often have symptoms of chronic hypothyroidism, which can be attributed either to a FT3/F4 ratio that is too low or a defect in the peripheral deiodation of T4 to T3. We report the case of a young girl with athyreosis who maintains a refractory hypothyroidism syndrome.

Background: single pill combinations is proved to achieve patient compliance and hence better blood sugar control and less occurrence of complications of type two diabetes. Objectives: to assess the outcome of fixed dose combination management of diabetic patients by monitor blood glucose and HbA1c, renal function test and body weight, and test its significancy in regard to the previous management. Methodology: Prospective follow up study carried out for a period of 28 weeks, combined pills of pioglitazone 30mg with glyburide 2mg as a single dose drug taken before breakfast-and dapagliflozin 10mg combined with 1000mg metformin as a single dose taken at dinner, measurement of fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, blood urea , creatine and weight and renal function test and weight were done at the start of the study and then repeated 28 weeks later, compliance was assessed using Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) with 3 level Likert scale. Results: The eligible subjects who were involved in the study were 72, their mean blood sugar and HbA1c at start of the study was 302.09, 10.40respectively, mean blood urea and creatinine 41.34, 0.72respectively, mean weight was 80.03 kg, by the end of the study period all the reading was reduced to the following levels: , 198.33, 8.43, 40.67, .69 in the same previous order, apart from the mean weight which showed an increase to 81.82. While compliance was increased from score of 6 up to score of 8. Conclusion: Drug combination and single pills have assured compliance and hence blood sugar control and have a negative impact on the occurrence of complications.

Glomus jugulare tumors are rare, highly vascular paragangliomas of the skull base that pose significant surgical challenges due to their proximity to critical neurovascular structures and their propensity for extensive local invasion. In low- and middle-income countries such as Nigeria, limitations in access to advanced imaging, preoperative embolization, intraoperative neuromonitoring, and blood products further complicate management. The objective is to describe the surgical technique, perioperative management, and outcomes of patients with glomus jugulare tumors managed in a Nigerian hospital. This was a prospective case series of patients with radiologically confirmed glomus jugulare tumors managed surgically from January 2024 to December 2025. Preoperative evaluation included cranial nerve assessment and cross-sectional imaging. Surgical approaches, extent of resection, estimated blood loss, perioperative complications, and functional outcomes were analyzed. Seven patients were included, with a mean age of 45.7 years. Hearing loss and lower cranial nerve dysfunction were the most frequent presenting symptoms. Gross total resection was achieved in 5 patients (71.4%). The mean estimated blood loss was 253 ml. One patient (14.3%) developed new or worsened postoperative lower cranial nerve deficits, which improved during follow-up. No perioperative mortality occurred. Adjuvant radiotherapy was recommended for subtotal resections but could not be administered due to limited availability. Despite significant resource constraints, surgical management of glomus jugulare tumors in Nigeria is feasible with acceptable oncological and functional outcomes. Early diagnosis, meticulous microsurgical technique, and a multidisciplinary collaboration remain critical for optimizing patient outcomes in resource-limited settings.