Background & Objective: The desire for fairer skin has become a global phenomenon, with colonial remnants in South Asia being identified as contributory factors to the perception of white skin as supreme. Skin lightening products (SLPs) are commonly used to reduce melanin concentration in the skin and achieve a lighter complexion. While SLPs can be medicated for treating hyperpigmented disorders and other skin conditions, their predominant use is for brightening the skin tone. Aim: To investigate the prevalence of SLP usage among males and females in the young generation in Lahore, Pakistan, and assess their knowledge and perception of the associated risks. Additionally, the study will examine the ingredients commonly found in SLPs and their potential adverse effects. Methodology: The instrument employed for the study was self-administered Questionnaire designed by the researcher. The data collected were analyzed as descriptive and bivariate using percentages, mean and median. Result: The study found that a significant percentage of young males and females in Lahore, Pakistan, use skin-lightening products, with social media and advertisements influencing their knowledge about these products. While participants were aware of potential harm from skin-lightening creams, many could not identify the active ingredients. Study highlighted the need for more inclusive beauty standards and consumer education campaigns. The study's results contribute valuable insights into the multifaceted landscape of skin tone perceptions, skin whitening product usage, and the associated complexities. Conclusion: The findings underscore the importance of considering cultural, psychological, and health-related aspects.

Summary: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an infection that attacks the body's immune system. The most advanced stage of HIV infection is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV is spread through the body fluids of an infected person, including blood, breast milk, semen, and vaginal fluids. Observation: These were 2 patients who had been consulted for a transfusion during which routine screening was carried out. Faced with divergent results, the hypothesis of a serodiscordance was raised. Series of tests carried out came back sometimes Negative and sometimes positive. It was the result of the PCR which made it possible to conclude that it was negative for HIV infection. These results had an impact on the psychological state of donors and could contribute to raising questions on the quality, specificity and/or sensitivity of current tests? On the interaction of one or more viral markers of another unknown viral pathology? And on the other hand on a possible genetic predisposition of these blood donors? Conclusion: HIV is a preventable disease. Awareness campaigns and promotion of early detection are effective ways to reduce transmission.

The coexistence of Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) is a rare clinical occurrence. Thyroid pathology is reported in 20% to 84% of Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) cases, with malignancies identified in 2% to 20% of instances. We report a case of a 49-year-old woman referred for evaluation of left iliac wing and hip pain with elevated parathyroid hormone levels. Imaging revealed a toxic multinodular goiter with a parathyroid adenoma. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy with parathyroid adenoma excision. Subsequent histological examination unexpectedly identified a papillary thyroid microcarcinoma associated with the parathyroid adenoma. The association between PHPT and PTC is complex, influenced by shared embryological origins and genetic factors. Elevated PTH levels in PHPT may contribute to thyroid cell proliferation, and hypercalcemia is suggested to promote thyroid carcinogenesis. Molecular analyses suggest the involvement of pathways like MAPK and Wnt/β-catenin. The coexistence of PHPT and PTC highlights the necessity for thorough preoperative assessment and the ongoing need for research. While minimally invasive parathyroid surgery is favored, the risks associated with coexisting thyroid pathology should be carefully considered. Routine thyroid ultrasonography in PHPT patients is crucial to exclude nodular thyroid disease, emphasizing the role of research in guiding clinical practices. A balanced approach integrating technical advancements and thoughtful risk assessment is essential in navigating this complex clinical scenario.