When it comes to the provision of medical services, quality is crucial. It entails changing healthcare so that actions, not just words, reflect values. Additionally, there is a change from quantity to quality. The outcome of treatment is more crucial than how many patients a doctor sees in a day. The standard of care can be raised by being aware of numerous internal and external factors. Organizational leadership and management must comprehend these elements and incorporate them into the provision of services. This cross-sectional research seeks to determine the critical internal variables needed to raise the caliber and effectiveness of healthcare services provided by Hafr Al Batin hospital. It sought to learn the healthcare team's perspectives on internal factors and how to steer patients toward the best results. In favors of the patients, Hafr Al Batin hospital's healthcare team surveyed 66 respondents. Twenty-one respondents believe that the healthcare team needs more education to raise the standard of care provided in hospitals. The best way to improve medical performance, in the opinion of 38, is through communication skills, which 34 people believe can be learned by attending expert lectures. According to 25 respondents, raising salaries is the most crucial step that can be taken to improve the standard of healthcare services. While 63 respondents agree that healthcare services and equipment are equally important, 3 respondents disagree. Improvements must be made to internal organizational factors and healthcare service quality to achieve improved performance. by increasing the healthcare team's knowledge through lectures from knowledgeable members, improving communication and leadership skills, using more cutting-edge equipment, and paying higher salaries to inspire employees.

The reality that the KSA healthcare system was unable to control the virus's spread and the associated mortality rate created several managerial and clinical challenges for the industry. This emphasizes the necessity of setting up efficient and useful guidelines, policies, and processes in healthcare systems to prepare for crisis management during a pandemic like covid-19. the study aims to identify effective, resilient, health policies to fight against health crises and some changes accrued in health management and services in the healthcare sector and to determine the effects of the covid 19 pandemic in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia the study utilizes a cross-sectional method on on 500 health care employee on Hafar Al Batin Central Hospital the result Shown Challenges that affected the healthcare management team on personal and hospital levels the most important healthcare management input that was unavailable during the pandemic was the level of preparedness for covid-19 and future health emergencies Strategic measures are being taken to minimize the spread of covid-19 Changes that have occurred in Saudi Arabia's healthcare institutions in preparation for future health emergencies introducing different health and safety measures, processes, and procedures. However, managing the number of infections and deaths reported within the country was still a significant challenge identifying key challenges and difficulties faced by healthcare managers in preventing the further spread of the virus and protecting the uninfected patients and the healthcare workers in KSA, identifying. The study will also contribute to the existing literature as it has identified key strategies and policies that have been put in place by healthcare institutions in preparation for future pandemics and health emergencies.

The growing complexity of financial markets and the acceleration of data availability have highlighted the limitations of traditional credit scoring systems, which often rely on static information and lagging indicators. This study investigates the integration of artificial intelligence with high-frequency data to enable real-time credit risk monitoring. Using a dataset comprising over 150,000 credit application records, the research compares the performance of three machine learning models: logistic regression, gradient boosting (XGBoost), and deep neural networks. Emphasis is placed on evaluating these models under a simulated real-time environment using rolling-window updates, replicating the continuous flow of new borrower information. The results reveal that gradient boosting consistently outperforms the other models across multiple metrics, including AUC, F1 score, and recall, while also maintaining accuracy over time. Feature importance analysis identifies debt-to-income ratio, credit history length, and loan amount as the most predictive indicators of credit default. The study further demonstrates the practical applicability of AI in real-time settings by simulating model performance over multiple 30-day intervals, showcasing the resilience and adaptability of the models, particularly XGBoost. This research contributes to the field by providing a replicable framework for deploying real-time credit risk models and offers evidence that high-frequency data, when paired with interpretable machine learning techniques, enhances both the speed and accuracy of credit evaluations. These findings have broad implications for lenders, regulators, and technology providers seeking to modernize risk assessment in an increasingly data-driven financial landscape.

This paper explores the evolving realities of estate management in Nigeria’s public institutions, focusing on persistent challenges and emerging opportunities. Drawing on secondary literature, the study highlights weak governance, financial constraints, cultural inertia, and professional capacity deficits as barriers that hinder effective estate management. Findings reveal that these systemic challenges limit transparency, accountability, and the strategic integration of estate management into institutional objectives. However, the analysis also identifies opportunities for reform through eco-friendly maintenance practices, digital innovation, professional training, and governance reforms that emphasize transparency and accountability. The study argues that estate management must transition from reactive, fragmented approaches to proactive and sustainability-oriented practices. By integrating transparency, professional development, and long-term planning into their estate management systems, Nigerian public institutions can enhance accountability, optimize resources, and position themselves as exemplars of sustainable governance. This shift is essential for institutional resilience and national development.