The present study discusses the use of motivational strategies in EFL classroom by Sudanese Teachers; The study uses a questionnaire to collect the data from the participants (20 Language Teachers, 15 males and 5 females). The study found that majority of teachers use motivational strategies in the class. Out of 21 motivational strategies presented before the participants, only 4 received highest perentages (ranged from 80% to 95%), and around 6 motivational strategies are least used by teachers received lowest percentages (ranged from 25 % to 45%). The study also finds that the pre-and in-service training has significant impact in the teacher’s performance in the class, especially in using the motivational strategies.

A theme is a major topic, matter, or statement inside a tale and symbolism is a literary method that employs symbols, whether the words, characters, markings, places, or abstract concepts symbolize something more than the actual meaning. Thematic concepts refer to what readers "believe the work is about," while thematic statements are "whatever the work expresses about the topic". The major goal of this proposed study was to examine and debate the thematic concerns and symbols found in Zaib-Un-Nisa Hamidullah's novella ‘The Bull and She Devil’. She is regarded as a pioneer of feminist literary studies in Pakistan. Her contribution to the field of English literature is noteworthy. ‘The Young Wife and Other Stories’, a collection of her short fiction; deals with the impression and expression of sexuality in state of depression in a male dominated society. Nature of this research work is qualitative, and it explains various themes and symbols used in the story. Sample of the study is “The Bull and the She Devil”, a story taken from Hamidullah’s afore mentioned collection of short stories. Study discusses the mental approach and dilemma of the rural young man’s physical, psychological and emotional state regarding marital relationships with his wife along with the plight and repressive state of mind of females in male dominant societies. The author skillfully interacts with forbidden issues without being too overt with help of symbolic representations and thematic interpretations.

This paper analyzes the identity crisis of the protagonist James in Everything I Never Told You, explores the contributing factors to his failure to blend in American mainstream society and examines the aftermath of his failure.