Edgar Allan Poe is undoubtedly known as one of the most popular short story writers in the history of American literature. His unique style of writing has influenced numerous short story writers of different cultures throughout the world since the publication of his short stories in the middle of 19th century. And in his stories, first-person narrative point of view is extensively used and that has drawn the interest of a lot of critics. This paper tries to analyze the literary function and narrative effect of first-person narrative in Poe’s masterpieces with necessary sample paragraphs.

In this study, the researcher discusses the translation strategies of metaphors in the Holy Quran; Surah Al Imran as a sample using the translated version into English by Yusuf Ali. Metaphor is an expression of figurative languages that gives cognition and makes the language looks more aesthetic. This expression is frequently found in the Quran that must be understood carefully because the Quran's meanings are sometimes stated explicitly and sometimes implicitly with a figurative language especially it is the speech of God (Allah). The researcher used the descriptive qualitative method to analyze some strategies that are used to translate these metaphors. The data which have been categorized as metaphor was taken from Surah Al Imran. Moreover, this study had been done through several steps, starting from choosing words, phrases, or sentences that were categorized as metaphor, then providing the verse as well as each translation, then followed by analyzing them, and lastly, gathering them as the discussion. The result of this study showed that there are ten metaphor expressions in the above mentioned Surah. There are two metaphor translation strategies applied in English. English translators utilize translating the metaphor by producing the same image in the target language and converting the metaphor to its sense.

“Bian Cheng”, a representative work of ShenCongwen, has fully demonstrated Shen’s unique writing style—the “native soil” style—through his dealing with language. The present paper studies two English versions of “Bian Cheng” with a literary stylistic approach to examine how its originality and freshness can be preserved and recreated in translation. The detailed discussion covers both lexical and syntactical aspect, and introduces a particular situation translators may confront in translating literary texts—“deceptive equivalence”. It is found that the avoidance of lexical redundancy, careful arrangement of sentence structures and the dealing with “deceptive equivalence” are of vital significance in literary translation especially when the unique literary style should be preserved.

Using Halliday’s systemic functional linguistics and the practice of Critical Discourse Analysis, the study demonstrates how ideas and thoughts are represented in selected speeches the governor of Rivers State. This personality is analysed to have certain ideologies as made manifest in his use of language. Recognising that situation actually determines what to say, recognition is equally given to the language features of the speeches in relation to the functions in particular contexts. The study revealed that Wike’s speeches open with words of appreciation God and humanity. In second step, intentions are declared by the governor who assures the people of Rivers State that their suffering has already gone into history. The governor is seen to have neglected the needs for international relations and foreign policies. He unveils his plans for his administration like restoring the legislature’s autonomy, restoring and enhancing independence of the judiciary, appointing and re-opening of the state’s chief judge and courts, amendment of chieftaincy laws among others. The grammar of the speech is featured frequently with we-pronoun, which is not merely a discourse feature but a sign of collectivity and togetherness. The governor also appeals for unity and cooperation from all the citizens of the state. He feels that the state is in deep trouble which requires careful plan to tackle it. In a similar fashion, he promises to equally cooperate by returning power to the people in the conduct of common affairs.

A wannan takarda an yi magana ne dangane sááyè a mahangar bori. Daga cikin abubuwan da aka yi tsokaci a kansu akwai; sááyè da bori, sannan kuma aka yi magana dangane da sááyèn tsoro a mahangar ‘yanbori da kuma sááyèn tsoro na wasu cututtuka a mahangar Hausawa. Haka kuma, a wannan takarda an yi amfani da ra’in Brown da Levinson (1987) mai suna Ra’in Ladabin Zance [1]. Wannan ra’i, da kuma ayyukan da suka biyo bayansa, sun tabbatar da sááyè muhimmin ɓangare a cikin al’adun al’umma, wato ta fannin cuɗanya domin nuna ladabi da ɗa’a da kunya da nisanta da kuma dangantaka. Har ila yau, waɗannan abubuwa (ladabi da ɗa’a da kunya) sanannu ne a al’adu da kuma tunanin kowace al’umma. Hakan ta sa sááyè yake taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen cuɗanya tare da ƙoƙarin inganta da kare mutuncin mutane. Wannan ra’i ya dace da yadda al’ada take tafiya tare da hikimomin amfani da matanonin sááyè wajen cuɗanya da kuma aiwatar da wasu al’adunsu. Har wa yau, an yi la’akari da wasu muhimman matakai na wannan ra’i da suka haɗa da: ma’ana da asali da rukunin al’ada da kuma yanayi ko lakacin yin al’adar. Haka kuma, a wannan takarda, an lura cewa, yin sááyè a wannan siga yakan ƙara cusa aƙida da kuma yin imani da wasu abubuwa. A wannan takarda an gano, cewa wannan al’ada ta sááyèn tsoro, wasu Hausawa suna amfani da ita a matsayin rigafi. Hakazalika, sááyèn tsoro, musamman a wajen ‘yanbori, yakan taimaka masu wajen samar da magunguna da kuma kyakkyawar alaƙa da aljanu a yanayin aiwatar da ayyukansu na bori.

This study aimed to develop an academic writing learning model based on writing theory and learning theory. From both theories, a name was formed, called: "In-Stage Guidance-Based Academic Writing Learning Model." The effectiveness of the learning model studied using Research and Development methods in fifth-semester students at Siliwangi University. The procedure is taken through the stages (1) initial/conceptual model formation, (2) initial model field testing, (3) initial model revision, (4) field testing of the revised model, (5) model validation, (6) good model dissemination through scientific forums. Through these stages, it is known that the in-stage guidance-based academic writing learning model has proven its effectiveness. Recommendation for the lecturers to study furthermore about it, so that this learning model could complement the existing writing learning model.

With the further development of cultural diversification, cultural conflict and integration has become a major issue of worldwide concern. This paper selects the representative characters from The Joy Luck Club, and analyzes the cultural differences from three perspectives: conflicts between mother and daughter, husband and wife, and between friends. By comparing the cultural differences between China and the West, the paper also gives suggestions on the strategies of intercultural communication.