Guaifenesin is an expectorant and it is use to treat cough and congestion caused by the common cold, bronchitis, and breathing illness. The drug is official in Indian Pharmacopoiea, British Pharmacopoeia, and United States Pharmacopoeias. This article reviews the different analytical methods available for detection of Guaifenesin alone and in combination from various pharmaceutical formulations. They are many analytical techniques have been reported for simultaneous estimation of Guaifenesin and its combined pharmaceutical dosage form but only fewer methods have been reported for estimation of Guaifenesin alone. Some of those techniques are UV spectrophotometry, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (LC-MS), gas chromatography (GC), and ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Amongst, various analytical methods are available for the quantification of single and multicomponent dosage forms

Service is a very important activity in the academic, because this is a benchmark for the success of bureaucratic performance even college faculty. It is necessary to be noticed by the institution, because service activities are activities of direct interaction between employees and students. To improve service quality of academic and administrative, it must be managed well by the universities concerned. So the student satisfaction as a customer will be met, and ultimately the quality of higher education will increase as expected. In the academic service which includes all activities of lecturers, shows more than half of respondents said „good‟. Meanwhile, in the aspect of Administrative Services, based on a questionnaire, it can be concluded that the administrative aspects of the service is quite good.

A simple and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatographic tandem mass spectrometric assay for the measurement of bisphenol-A (BPA) in human urine was developed and validated. Sample preparation involved addition of 4-nitrophenol (as an internal standard, IS) to 1.0 ml human urine sample containing BPA, and extraction with ethyl acetate and hexane (6:4,v:v), evaporation, and dissolving the residue in the mobile phase. Analytes separation was performed using a reversed phase Atlantis dC18 column (2.1x 100 mm, 3 µm) protected by guard pre-filter and a mobile phase that consisted of 5.0 mM ammonium acetate: acetonitrile (20:80, v:v) and was delivered at a flow rate of 0.30 ml/min. The analytes were quantified in negative ion mode, using electrospray ionization (ESI) set at transitions of mass to charge (m/z): 226.87 → 212.01 and 137.84 → 107.86 for BPA and IS, respectively. The relationship between BPA concentration and peak area ratio (BPA /IS) was linear in the range 0.2 - 20 ng/ml. Mean extraction recovery of BPA and the IS was ≥ 90% and 97%, respectively. The method was validated in respect to accuracy, precision, linearity, and specificity. Stability of BPA in urine was determined under conditions generally encountered in the clinical laboratories. The method was successfully applied to determine BPA level in urine samples obtained from healthy volunteers

From very old days to recent civilization, human species depends on most of the natural resources for smooth running of their life. In nature specifically plants has a key source of drugs and its remedies. Feronia Limonia belonging to family Rutaceae is well known in Indian traditional systems for its traditional uses. Various parts of the plant like leaves, fruits, roots, bark have an astringent, constipating, tonic for liver and lung, diuretic, carminative, and cardiotonic effect and these are traditional uses. Various chief phytoconstituents like alkaloids, phenolic compounds, triterpenoids, tannins, steroids etc. have been isolated from Feronia Limonia. But only few pharmacological activities like antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumour, antifungal etc. activities have been scientifically reported. From huge traditional uses documented in various traditional system of medicine and presence of vital phytoconstituents make Feronia Limonia an important plant to be studied scientifically to prove a variety of traditional uses. In present work we look at Feronia Limonia description, traditional medicinal uses, and phytoconstituents and anthelmintic activity of its leaves. Five concentrations (10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/ml) of aqueous extract of leaves Feronia Limonia were studied for an anthelmintic activity on adult Indian earthworms Pheretima Posthuma in a bioassay, which involved the determination of time of paralysis and time of death of the worms using Piperazine citrate as reference standard. The results indicated that 100 mg/ml concentration of Feronia Limonia leaves was more significant than that of other concentration

Chikungunya is still a diseases burden in India and various contries. The main objective of this review was to gather the outbreaks and it impacts and current treatment available for Chikungunya in allopathic and AYUSH. Key findings : Africa where Sylva tic cycle is maintained between monkeys and wild mosquitoes, in Asia the cycle continues between humans and the Aedes. aegypti mosquito. Virus was first isolated from Africa in 1952. In India first case were reported in Kolkata 1963. It can be diagnosed by various blood tests such as RT-PCR, ELISA, Serological test. The disease is almost self-limiting and rarely fatal. Common symptoms of Chikungunya are fever, joint pain (arthralgia), rashes etc Symptoms for Chikungunya and dengue as similar. In Allopathy no specific drug is available for the treatment of chikungunya. In AYUSH system of medicine various type of treatment are available. India has been reported major outbreak in 2005 -2006 mainly in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Tamil Nadu since December, 2005. Cases have also been reported from Rajasthan, Gujarat and Kerala. Conclusion: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection can be prevented by avoiding mosquito bites and the young researchers have to take interest to contribute drugs and developments

Adverse drug reactions are an important cause of morbidity and mortality and are responsible for a significant number of hospital admissions ranging from 0.3% to 11%. The ADR reporting rate in India is below 1% compared to worldwide rate of 5%. One of the reasons for low reporting rate in India may be a lack of knowledge and sensitization towards pharmacovigilance and ADR among health care professionals. The aim of the study is to investigate the knowledge, attitudes and perception of health care professionals towards adverse drug reaction reporting. A cross sectional study was carried out using a pretested questionnaire for a period of 6 months among 340 healthcare professionals. The questionnaire was designed to assess the KAP regarding pharmacovigilance. The healthcare professionals (doctors, nurses, dentists and pharmacists), trainee and internship students working in the NMCH and RC, Raichur, Karnataka during the study period were included. About 300 questionnaires where returned which were adequately filled, of which 37% were doctors, 33% dentists, 17% nurses and 13% pharmacists. Mean knowledge score of doctors, dentist, nurses and pharmacists where 5.29±1.73, 4.9±1.13, 5.41±1.34 and 7.08±1.36 respectively. Mean attitude score of doctors, dentist, nurses, pharmacists were 4.87±1.29, 4.78±1.107, 4.53±1.24 and 5.84±1.02 Mean perception score of doctors, dentist, nurses and pharmacists were found to be 4.87±1.29, 4.78±1.107, 4.53±1.24 and 5.84±1.20. It was observed that most of the professionals were aware of ADR. They were having sound knowledge and positive attitude towards ADR reporting. But unfortunately the practice of ADR reporting where deficient among the health care professionals.

Cryptococcosis is a potentially fatal fungal disease. The prevalence of cryptococcosis has been increasing for many reasons, including the increase in incidence of AIDS and the expanded use of immunosuppressive drugs. Cryptococcal meningitis is a threatening disease and visual loss is reported as a rare manifestation due persistent papilledema and optic nerve involvement. We report a case of an immunocompetent young male who presented with cryptococcal meninigitis, left lateral rectus palsy and papilledema. Inspite of appropriate medical therapy with amphotericin and flucytosine, his papilledema persisted and developed decreased vision.

The Congolese education system has long remained on the margins of entrepreneurship training. Yet some branches of study are beginning to grasp the importance of this subject and are already valuing this data in order to integrate it sufficiently into their curricula. How the social sciences, whose vocation is to study and apprehend various relations created in society, handle this new data? This reflection attempts to answer this question. A comprehensive analysis of the courses offered in this faculty has helped to descry between entrepreneurial teachings and other types of teaching. The approach was based on a simple assumption that any teaching whose purpose is to prepare and develop entrepreneurial attitudes and aptitudes is entrepreneurial. Thus, although the department of political and administrative sciences is one step ahead of the other departments, on the whole, this faculty has, on the contrary, devalued this teaching by cutting off some important courses in this field.

This is a conceptual review (content analysis) of the effect of foreign direct investment as a catalyst for sustainable economic development in Nigeria. The major objective is a comparative analysis of 87 developing countries with the capacity to attract FDI and proffer possible solutions that will catapult Nigeria as a globally acceptable haven for foreign investment. The secondary data were sourced from Investing Across Borders (IAB) 2010 report where 87 developing countries across the globe were assessed using the IAB indicators. The major conclusion drawn from the survey is that Nigeria as a country is yet to maximize its potentials (given available resources and market size) at attracting foreign investment. It also concludes that the process of foreign business establishment/ownership in Nigeria need to be improved upon to encourage high patronage of foreigners in economic activities. This study therefore recommends that Government should make policies that will encourage equity ownership of investments in Nigeria by foreigners. The authorities should put in place machineries that will ensure a transparent and simple business registration and ownership process.

Being potential entrepreneurs, students need to see their entrepreneurial potential grow. This is attained through a set of personal resources (knowledge, experiences, skills, relationships, aptitudes) that are useful for entrepreneurial action. Thus university is a full player in the success of young people in the entrepreneurial path. But entrepreneurship is a process that can be studied by linear sequences including that of upstream business creation or the entrepreneurial spirit. Understanding the correlations between education and this later was the main concern of this study. To achieve this, we have repositioned this problematic within a framework of the social dimensions of entrepreneurship model and that of planned behavior. The study on a survey control sample, particularly chosen in the social sciences, showed that desirability is a variable that is little influenced by the study branches. On the other hand, it is at the level of feasibility that the study paths have a significant impact on the entrepreneurial action. Finally, we put these results into perspective to understand the future behavior of the respondents. This feasibility variable is therefore an important factor in the choice of careers for students.

Knowledge Management (KM) is the process that deals with obtaining, processing, storing, disseminating and applying of information and knowledge within an organization to support and enhance its business performance and employee satisfaction. Financial institutions are realizing knowledge as a crucial resource in organization and should be managed judiciously. Despite the claims for positive relation between KM process and employee satisfaction in banking sector, few researchers have actually proved it. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to measure the effect of knowledge management practices on employee satisfaction of banking sector in Nepal. In this study, a sample of 385 respondents was selected randomly from four different types of financial institutions of Kathmandu, Nepal. Statistical analysis was done to draw the conclusion. The results clearly showed that components of KM process (KM obtaining, KM organizing & KM applying) had positive relation with the organizational performance measured in terms of employee satisfaction.

Abstract: The brewing industry in Nigeria appears characterised by a lot of rivalry in its struggle for dominance. In a bid to gain and retain their market share, the firms have adopted product innovation as a strategy. Unfortunately many of the new products seem not to survive long in the market. This study therefore, examined the relationship between organizational culture and innovation in selected breweries in South-East Nigeria. Specifically, it explored the nature of relationship between market culture and product innovation. Survey research design was adopted. Data were collected through questionnaire and hypothesis was tested using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Coefficient. The study revealed that there was a significant positive relationship between market culture and product innovation. Therefore, it is recommended that breweries in Southeast, Nigeria, should develop a market culture that focuses more on research and development so as to manufacture innovative products which will survive beyond the introductory stage, withstand competition and satisfy customers taste.

Percutaneous tracheostomy (PCT) has rapidly emerged in recent years; it is proven to be safe and less time-consuming when compared to surgical technique. In critical care settings, the use of PCT has been widely accepted and some authors consider it the gold standard method. Although PCT is relatively a safe procedure, it still can be associated with some serious complications. Massive percutaneous emphysema is a rare complication of PCT, which might be life-threatening. We report a patient with Guillian-Barre syndrome (GBS), who was admitted to an intensive care unit and required prolonged ventilation. Bedside PCT was performed and ended with the development of an immediate diffuse massive surgical emphysema and desaturation, followed by cardiac arrest regardless of the treatment measures

Understanding the relationship between environmental pollution and economic development is of great importance for achieving sustainable growth. It is particularly important for managing watershed regions, where rapid urbanization can cause significant environmental damage. This study aimed to determine the relationships between urbanization, economic growth, industrial structure and nitrogen emissions in the Jishui River Basin from 1997 to 2013. Based on the raw data, a vector auto-regression model was built, and the data were analyzed using the Johnson cointegration test, the Granger causality test, impulse response function analysis and variance decomposition analysis. The results showed that there was a long-run equilibrium relationship and a one-way causality between the four variables in the Jishui River Basin. The effects of economic growth and industrial structure on nitrogen emissions were significantly stronger than the effect of urbanization levels. In the long run, economic growth and industrial structure had a strong explanatory power for nitrogen emissions, and the contribution of urbanization levels, economic growth and industrial structure to nitrogen emissions showed some hysteresis. This study clarifies the main drivers of changes in environmental pollution in the Jishui River Basin, and provides a scientific basis for urban development models and regulation of industrial growth.

Empowering the economically disadvantaged is to enable businesses and society's independence. Transmigration is a model of population distribution in addition to an effort to improve the welfare of the economically disadvantaged agricultural sector. The purpose of this study was to examine the transmigration program of empowerment the economically disadvantaged in the village of Seven Island, Villages and Village Mampun Rasau District of West Pamenang Merangin district. The focus of this research is the income of migrants oil palm farmers in the village of Seven Island, Villages and Countryside Mampun Rasau Pamenang districts of West County Merangin. The method used in this study were interviews, observation and discussions with migrants oil palm farmers in the village. The results showed that the level of income tansmigran oil palm farmers in the village of Island of the Seven, village atmospheres and Rasau village district subdistrict West Pamenang Merangin above-average per capita income of the Indonesian population, thus an increase in the welfare of the migrants palm farmers in three villages.