Background: Visual impairment can have a significant effect on an individual’s functioning and their interaction with their physical and social environments and it is associated with disability and poor quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an educational program to improve the quality of life (QoL) in elderly patients with visual impairment. Design: A quasiexperimental pre test-and-post test design was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted at the ophthalmology outpatient clinics and ophthalmology department at Zagazig University Hospitals. Sample: Aconsecutive sampling technique of 70 elderly with visual impairment who fulfilled the study inclusion criteria. Tools:Two tools were used to collect the study data: I) A structured interview questionnaire consisted of five parts. II) Low Vision Quality Of Life (LVQOL) , The study was conducted through assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation phases. Results: The study results revealed that the duration of visual problems ranged between 1.0 and 26.0 years, mostly bilateral (64.3%), and had negative impacts on their life (92.9%). Elderly had deficient related knowledge, with low Quality of Life (QoL) and high dependency in DLAs. The educational program was effective in improving their knowledge, QoL and independence in DLAs . Conclusion: The findings emphasize the importance of well-designed patient education programs. Recommendation: Further research is suggested to explore the effectiveness of multiple-approach nursing interventions in improving the QoL of elderly with visual problems.

Violence affects lives of millions of woman worldwide, in all societies, one of the most heinous and shocking forms among them is DOWRY DEATH, is one among the various reasons for suicidal (i.e. abetted suicide) and homicidal deaths of women in India, other being marital infidelity, sexual jealousy etc. This study done at Government Mohan kumaramangalam Medical College, Salem , was conducted during the period January 2014 – December -2015. Aims and objectives were to know the magnitude, socio etiologic profile and methods used for committing suicide/homicide, and various other factors affecting the alarming rise in incidence of dowry death and also to lend valuable suggestion to concerned authorities to prevent this heinous social evil of our society. Most of the victims were aged between 20 to 24 years of age, maximum of the victims died within three years of married life, most commonly between 1 to 2 years of married life. Burns is the most common method used for dowry deaths.

Mauritanian classroom has been regarded as male public space. This has affected the academic achievement of female students, which in turn is likely to influence negatively their social, economic and political visibilities. As such, females’ participation in the classroom activities becomes an inviting topic to be explored. The current study, thereby, aims to unveil the reasons of highly inhibited and highly exuberant female students in the classroom. In so doing, observations and interviews were carried out on 8 students studying at the Modern University of Nouakchott. The findings revealed that inhibition, depreciation of participation, devaluation of speech in mixed environment, peers’ negative comments, and distant and/or female professors, were the main factors hindering female students’ participation. Factors that have been rated as strong promoters of participation, however, were: positive perception of participation, “modern thinking,” wellrounded knowledge about the topic, the type of topic studied, accessible professors, and learner-centered approach.

Modifiable lifestyle breast cancer risk factors can be actively influence by women in order to reduce or increase their breast cancer risk, which strongly depend on individual’s knowledge. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the level of knowledge and awareness towards the association between breast cancer and life style modifications in Northern Saudi Arabia. This is a cross sectional survey included 559 Saudi volunteers living in the city of Hail, Northern Saudi Arabia. Knowledge and awareness towards modifiable lifestyle factors and breast cancer risk was evaluated using different variables during interview. Out of 559 study subjects only 14.5% were found to know that there are some dietary types, which can reduces the risk of breast cancer and the remaining 85.5% ignore that. About 37.4% indicated that they knew body weight is a risk factor for breast cancer. The level of knowledge and awareness toward breast cancer and lifestyle related risk factors are very poor in Northern Saudi Arabia

Burmese Citizenship Law-1982 has made the Muslim Rohingyas largest persecuted population groups in the world. Rohingya crisis in Myanmar is a contemporary and crucial issue not only in South and Southeast Asia but also in the world. The „duration of stay‟ of Rohingyas in Myanmar is a matter of controversy raised by Rohingya literatures and Arakanese Buddhists literatures. The root of antagonism between Rohingya Muslim and Buddhist Arakanese is historical. Only the dimension and extension has been changed with the advancement of time. Massive Rohingya exodus has been occurred three times in independent Myanmar, in 1978, 1991-92 and 2017 due to military operation. Huge number of refugee outflow has strike mainly in neighbouring Bangladesh border, has made geopolitical imbalance in the South-East Asia. Myanmar Government and Rohingya leaders should review their policy against each other and should start dialoging for the permanent solution. The paper tries to draw out the origin of Rohingyas and their long history of conflict with Buddhist Arakanese as well as with Government. Refugee issue and migration pattern also included here. Statements are almost bias free as much as possible and have been made best on important historical/research document.

The research aimed to measure HbA1C in normal Sudanese non-diabetic pregnant women attending antenatal care at Ribat University Hospital, Khartoum state during the period from Sep 2017 to Nov 2017, and to explore the effect of pregnancy on HbA1C. A Cross sectional facility based study was conducted in The National Ribat University hospital during the period from Sep 2017 to Nov 2017 among the Normal Sudanese pregnant, non-diabetic females of ages between 18-40 years. Twenty women were included as a pilot, ten of them at first trimester and ten at third trimester. Correlations between the variables were estimated and P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant and used to determine the relationship between the Multiple factors of pregnancy and HbA1c level. The mean value of HbA1c at first trimester of pregnancy was found to be 4.7% with a range of (3.5% - 5.5 %) and the mean value of HbA1c at third trimester of pregnancy was found to be 3.98% with a range of (2.8% - 5.4%). The mean value of HbA1c in normal pregnancy was found to be 4.37% with a range of (2.8% - 5.5 %). There was no correlation between normal FBG, Hb level, daily caloric intake, age, PH. of DM, PH. of GDM, family history of DM and the level of HbA1c. According to this study the mean value of HbA1c in Sudanese healthy pregnant women is 4.37 found within the normal Sudanese values of HbA1c. HbA1c is lower in the third trimester compared to first trimester.

Tripod robot system can replace the manual to complete industrial control action simple but repetitive work, such as in the industrial production line of the sorting work. In the actual control, how to quickly and accurately identify the color and shape of the object, at the same time in the shortest time to place it in the specified location, is an urgent problem to be solved. Tripod robot control system based on improved Hamiltonian path planning algorithm , combining the corner detection and corner filling algorithm can accurately identify the shape of the object; using the greedy algorithm to realize the local optimal solution, a dynamic programming algorithm to achieve the global optimal solution, solves the problem of sorting in the shortest time. Experimental results show that the system can achieve the sorting of objects accurately and efficiently.

The emerging economies like India where more than 60% of the population lives in the rural areas, should ensure adequate access to the financial products and services to all the individuals in the country. The launch of the Prime Minister Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) a revolutionary financial inclusion program in August 2014 to bring access to formal financial services to all the India’s population has led to the opening of around 2.8 billion bank accounts till March 2017. The access to the financial products is expected to change the investment and savings behavior of the rural households. The present study focuses on understanding the factors influencing the investment behaviour of households in rural India, where majority of the population lives. In addition to the socio economic factors, the study also considers the impact of the level of financial literacy on the investment behaviour. The study was conducted in the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh where the major occupation of the rural households is agriculture. Discriminant analysis is carried out to identify the factors influencing the investment behaviour of rural households. As Agriculture is the major occupation in rural India, the findings of the study will certainly help the government in encouraging the rural households for investing in financial products. The results of the study will also serve as a major input to the policy makers in channelizing the rural household savings into productive activities of corporate entities.

Recent attempts have been made to prove that honey is also a comparable fixative for cytological specimens. It is a natural organic product, odorless and not known to cause any disease. Secondly it is relatively cheaper and not prone to be mishandled, making it an efficient contender for use as a fixative. Our results, therefore, confirmed that honey can safely be used as an alternate to alcohol in cytology specimens. Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a useful diagnostic aid in benign and malignant lesions. The diagnostic accuracy of FNAC depends on the sampling technique, fixative used, and quality of staining and of course the meticulosity of interpretation by the pathologist. The widely used fixative in this procedure is 95 % Alcohol which although readily available, has a number of limitations for use. It is expensive and hence subject to pilferage. Also, it is a volatile liquid with an irritant smell and is said to be carcinogenic. In this study, we analyzed and compared the efficacy of cytological smears fixed in 95% alcohol and 20% honey solution. The results of our study showed no statistical significant difference in the fixative properties of honey and alcohol.

Organizational commitment is an important aspect influencing organizational growth and performance. Organizations face enormous challenges in understanding the commitment level of employees of different career stages. Depending on this understanding about the commitment level that organizations do undertake different measures for enhancing their commitment for improved organizational productivity. Therefore, understanding the commitment level of the employees corresponding to their career stages has emerged as an important dimension of human resource management these days. The changing business environment and its associated complexities have increased the necessity for a study on the effect of career stage on organizational commitment so as to enable the progressive organisations to be more proactive in addressing to the underlying issues associated with career stages and organizational commitment. This study is an endeavour to examine the effect of career stages on organizational commitment with respect to bank employees. The study which has been undertaken based on Super (1984) career stages and Meyer et al. (1993) organizational commitment scale, conducted upon 165 employees on three banks reveal that there exists a significant difference between affective commitment and employees career stages. Similarly, career stages also affect the continuance commitment of the employees significantly. Further, the study also found that no significant relationship exists between normative commitment and career stages. This implies that the organisations in order to get the commitment of the employees have to undertake measures to design effective organizational career planning programs.

Sulphate attack is a significant problem which locally affects concrete and other constructional materials. The aim of this work is to study the effect of internal sulphate which is present in concrete raw materials. Gypsum was used as a source of internal sulphate. Specimens were prepared for mechanical tests in formed of (150mm cubes) for compressive test and (100*100*400 mm prisms) for flexure test with selective mix proportions of 1:2:4 by weight and water/cement ratio of 0.5 by weight. Results have shown that the compressive strength of concrete at age of 60 days decreases by 46%, 52%, 65% when added sulphate is in 3%, 5%, and 7% by weight of sand to concrete mixes, respectively. Also results have shown that when the percentage of cement content increased by 3% , 5% , 7% in concrete mixes ,which contain sulphates in 3% , 5% , 7% by weight of sand ,the compressive strength of concrete at 28 and 60 days has been increased and has the same compressive strength of concrete without sulphates. Moreover, flexural strength decreased by 10%, 25% and 38% when added sulphate is in 3% , 5%, 7% by weight of sand to concrete mixes and at age of 60 days, respectively. This decrement in flexural strength has been tempered by increasing the cement percentage by (3, 5, 7) % of cement weight to become equal to the value of standard specimens.

The common notion among people is that psychoactive drugs like alcohol increases sexual activity, various studies over the years have shown some relationship between the alcohol use pattern and sexual dysfunction in males. The effect can either be because of depressant effects of alcohol itself or can due to the probable changes it brings about in the normal neurotransmitter levels and hormones associated with sexual functioning. Among the male sexual dysfunctions prevalence of premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction has been studied most extensively. We set to look at perceptions of sexual dysfunction among male in- patients with alcohol dependence. 30 male in patients with alcohol dependence diagnosed according to International Classification of Diseases- 10 (ICD-10) without any other psychiatric co-morbidity were compared with 30 male in-patients admitted in medical ward. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI PLUS), Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ), and Brief Sexual Functioning Inventory (BSFI) scales were used in the study. The study revealed that patients with alcohol dependence had perceived poor sexual functioning under the domains of sexual drive, erection and ejaculation. It was also found that sexual functioning worsened with increased duration of alcohol usage.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis infection in pregnant women in Setif region and to identify the main risk factors involved. The different parameters were collected by direct interviews and using standardized ELIFA technique for detecting the anti-toxoplasmic antibodies IgG / IgM and determining the immunological status of this sample. Our results showed a general lack of Toxoplasmosis awareness, a prevalence of 58% of seronegative pregnant women and 42% of seropositive women they may have risks of seroconversion as the case observed in our study. The statistical analysis confirmed that the consumption of undercooked meat is the main factor of contamination. This study has the advantage of setting up a serological monitoring of toxoplasmosis according to a legal framework with the aim of detecting and servile seronegative women, hence the importance of education and information in terms of prevention.

Historical heritage holds outstanding values for humanity and so their sustainable management is paramount. Heritage management is requisite in ensuring the continuous survival of heritage sites for education, scientific research, and archeological discovery and leisure purposes. It helps maintain human societies and uphold enormous opportunities especially for tourism and socio-economic development. Today for instance, the heritage industry has become a dominant niche of the global tourism industry especially in the developing countries of Africa, Latin America and Asia. Yet, there is poor, absence of an up-to-date, proactive and sustainable management framework for the conservation and preservation of historical heritage monuments in Cameroon. The main objective of this study was to critically examine the management of historical heritage monuments in Cameroon and frame a green framework for their sustainable management. The study adopted a qualitative research design, case study approach and semi-structured interviews with experts in the collection of primary data blended with secondary materials from published sources including textbooks, scientific journal articles, reports, conference presentations and internet websites.

The use of plants for the treatment of various diseases was recorded in the history. Many conventional medicines originate from plant sources: many decades ago, most of the few effective drugs were plant-based. Examples include quinine (from cinchona bark), digoxin (from foxglove), morphine (from the opium poppy) and aspirin (from willow bark). The discovery and development of new drugs from plant sources continues, with drug companies engaged in large-scale pharmacologic screening of herbs. Arthritis is a condition typically characterized by pain, aching, stiffness and swelling in and around one or more joints. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a disorder in which the body's own immune system starts to attack body tissues. Ricinus communis, the castorbean or castor-oil-plant is a species of flowering plant in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. Many authors have reported that the plant has promised Antioxidant activity, Antinociceptive activity, Antiulcer activity, Antiasthmatic activity, Anti-fertility activity, Antihistaminic Activity etc cited in literature review. The present study is aimed to evaluate the methanolic leaf extract of Ricinus communis for acclaimed anti-arthritic activity by using protein denaturation method. Diclofenac sodium is used as a standard drug. From the results of the present study it can be stated that the methanolic leaf extract of Ricinus communis at two different concentrations (250mcg/ml & 500mcg/ml) is capable of inhibiting the denaturation of protein in rheumatic disease.