Post-operative hearing loss is a very poorly understood complication in the medical field in general and in the Anesthesiology practice more specifically. This has been observed past three decades and yet, it still is a mystery and unresolved medical condition. Senso-neural hearing loss (SNHL) results in temporary deafness as a side-effect of a puncture during spinal (subarachnoid) anesthesia. Although it is also observed after general anesthesia, but the numbers are much less. In the present study, we report a case of 48 year old man who underwent a surgery for anal fistula incision with spinal anesthesia and complained about the hearing inability in both the ears (bilateral SNHL) started few hours after the surgery. His symptoms improved over a few days’ time with a conservative approach (rest, hydration and increased caffeine intake). There have been other reports on permanent type of hearing loss. Even though in a majority of cases, the patients recover, considering the threats from the minority, we believe that it is the responsibility of the medical staff to be aware of the patients’ condition before undertaking such surgeries and anesthesia

Abstract: Due to active involvement of fetal system in regulation of amniotic fluid volume it has been identified as an indicator of intrauterine fetal status. USG has revolutionized the process of assessment of amniotic fluid thus becoming an integral part of fetal surveillance. Polyhydramnios is an obstetrical condition associated with significant perinatal morbidity and mortality. In a low resource health facility as India with poor coverage of antenatal care and malnutrition it still becomes more important to screen pregnancies for such high risk factors. The objectives of the present study were: 1. To determine the incidence of polyhydramnios by ultrasonography. 2. To evaluate its relationship with neonatal outcome. A hospital based prospective study for duration of one year. All the patients identified as having polyhydramnios according to Largest pocket diameter method. The incidence of polyhydramnios in singleton pregnancy during the study period was 1.04 %. Majority of cases (76.61%) were mild, 14.03% moderate and 9.36 % severe polyhydramnios. Congenital anomalies were present in 34 (19.88%) fetus. The commonest malformations were central nervous system 17 cases (9.94%), gastrointestinal system anomalies 9 (5.3%) and musculoskeletal 7 cases (4.1%). Anencephaly was the commonest CNS malformations. Significant association existed between severity of polyhydramnios and chances of fetus having congenital anomaly. Other fetal complications include VLBW 4.09%, macrosomia 1.75%, SGA babies 8.77%, LGA babies 9.94%, still birth 7.59%, NICU admission 20.47% , Perinatal death 16.96% and early neonatal death 9.36%. The study gives us the understanding of the impact of polyhydramnios on the fetal outcome. Our study demonstrates that careful fetal examination has to be performed when polyhydramnios is diagnosed, as congenital malformations are often associated with this condition. These anomalies if detected early timely termination of pregnancy can be done hence less physical and psychological trauma to mother.

The objective of this study was to reveal the effects of opportunity, internal control, and management commitment on fraud opportunities. The samples were taken at some companies in Palembang, including PT. PLN UIP Sumbagsel, PT. PLN WS2JB, PT. Surveyor Indonesia and the Regional Mining and Energy Company totalling 154 respondents. Out of 154 questionnaires sent, 148 questionnaires were returned. The sampling was done using the purposive sampling technique. The data collected were the primary data which were first tested for their validity and reliability. The data analysis method used was the multiple regression analysis that had met the classical assumption testing requirements. The results of the study indicate that the opportunities have a significant effect on the fraudulent actions in the selected companies. Whereas the internal control and the management commitment have a negative effect on the fraudulent actions

Abstract: Pre-eclampsia, is an obstetric disorder characterized by hypertension and proteinuria that prevails all over the world. It presents as a pressing peril for fetal and maternal lives. Though inflammation, increased levels of TXA2, ischemic placenta, dysfunction of endothelium are discerned, the exact pathophysiology yet remains a mystery. The absolute treatment is still to be discovered, however its prevention by low dose aspirin and calcium supplementation present as promising preventative measures for pre-eclampsia. To observe the effect of aspirin and calcium in prevention of preeclampsia. This was a prospective clinical trial study for evaluation of role of aspirin and calcium in prevention of pre-eclampsia in primigravidas. It was carried out at department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at AL-Wahda hospital Derna from Jan 2016 to Dec 2016. Three hundred and forty four primigravidae were included in the study. Their age ranged from 16 to 45 years with a mean 26.32 ± 4.88 years. Out of the 344 healthy primigravidae, 63 (18.3 %) developed preeclampsia. Both (aspirin and calcium) supplementations were associated with a reduction preeclampsia. There was significant difference between the group taken both (aspirin & calcium) group and prevent pre-eclampsia (X2= 6.07, P= 0.014). In Conclusion, It was noted in the present study that low dose aspirin and calcium might have beneficial effect in the prevention of preeclampsia.

Proper reactive power management for improving the a.c power system performance always result in loss minimization. It is all about the supply of reactive power in a transmission line to increase the transmittable power thereby making it compatible with the prevailing load demand. In this paper, various factors contributing to loss minimization in a.c networks were examined, and include the use of: shunt capacitors and reactors, synchronous capacitors, tap changing transformers, series capacitors e.t.c. Recommendations to minimize losses in the system were proffered in this study to ensure good power quality and security in the network.

Abstract: Management of heart disease complicating pregnancy in a tertiary care centre is a great challenge to obstetricians and cardiologists. To know the maternal perinatal outcome of heart disease complicating pregnancies so that the quality of treatment in a tertiary care centre can be improved. Cardiac disease in pregnant women most commonly due to RHD, CHD, less commonly due to ischemic heart disease or cardiomyopathy. Though the frequency of RHD has decreased worldwide but still in developing countries like India, RHD is predominant. Admission of heart disease in pregnant women is approximately 30 of 2278 total deliveries from the month of june2018 to august2018 in MGMGH. The purpose of this study is to analyse all heart diseases in pregnancy and to characterize the clinical course, treatment and perinatal outcome in antenatal and postnatal women. Details of all antenatal or women less than 6 weeks postpartum admitted to MGMGH in the month of june to august 2018 were reviewed. Obstetric data included gestational age at the time of delivery, type, indication , location of delivery, congenital , rheumatic heart disease, operated , newly diagnosed were categorised depending on the major system involved. Out of 2278 deliveries from june2018 to august2018 in MGMGH, Trichy, 30 were heart disease complicating pregnancy. Rheumatic heart disease and congenital heart disease were more common. Operated congenital heart disease was also more common. Postnatally most of them required ICU monitoring and management. Incidence of Postpartum cardiomyopathy was very less in this study. Early anticipation of complications and close monitoring in the antenatal and perinatal period decreased maternal morbidity and mortality.

In the past two decades, sustainability has been a significant concern when planning cities. As a consequence of development occurring in cities, its essence to people is discounted. An example of this is Doha, Qatar‟s capital, which has undergone massive urban developments because of the post-WWII discovery and production of oil and gas. Doha‟s urban fabric has been transformed from a rational, people-based, and environmentally adapted design into zoning and transportation dependent planning. However, in the past few years, Doha has started to adopt sustainability-driven urban planning policies. For example, development of the new city Lusail has legislation and design regulations directed towards sustainable planning. Therefore, this research study is focused on the urban planning of a neighbourhood in Al Wakra, Qatar. The focus is on its relationship to the old city layout and the possible implementation of sustainability principles in present-day development in the area. The study also develops strategies and design that utilize sustainability principles. The study process includes a literature review, data collection, detailed site analysis, and exploration of present and historic plans for Al Wakra. Additionally, various alternatives that follow specific strategies are generated to identify a desirable approach for the neighbourhood. Furthermore, the strategies highlight actions needed to implement the development concept. As a result, the study generates an ideal approach for the further development of Al Wakra. Furthermore, the findings can act as a reference for similar developments with a comparable climate, surroundings, environment, size, and population.

Abstract: The oxidative stress caused by free radicals and reactive oxygen species released during smoking can play a significant role in pathogenesis and development of Chronic Bronchitis. This study is conducted to evaluate serum levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA) a lipid peroxidation product as a marker of oxidative stress and vitamin C major antioxidant in body in chronic bronchitis patients and healthy controls. Comprised of 80 subjects, 40 healthy controls and 40 chronic bronchitis cases were included. Kei Satoh method used for measuring MDA and Serum vitamin C was estimated by method 2,4-Dintrophenyl hydrazine method Serum MDA a lipid peroxidation product from cell membrane considered as marker of oxidative stress was elevated in chronic bronchitis patients when compared to healthy controls where as serum level of vitamin C major antioxidant significantly decreased in chronic bronchitis patients when compared to controls.. MDA maker is of oxidative injury significantly increased in chronic bronchitis cases which is likely associated with active smoking habit and also be due to systemic inflammation. The decrease in level of antioxidant capacity in chronic bronchitis patients appears likely consequence of higher oxidative stress and increased consumption of antioxidants. By stopping smoking and advising antioxidant rich food may halt the further progression of chronic bronchitis disease.

Systemically reviewing the topic Mandibular Third Molar Impaction and its components: prevalence, causes, classifications, complications, and managements. All studies pertaining to the topic and its components were included. Exclusion criteria were applied to exclude studies that were not PubMed indexed. The materials and methods used for this systemic review were to search in the PubMed database, using specific words "Mandibular Third Molar Impaction, Prevalence, Causes, Classifications, Complications, and Managements” and published in the English language. The articles were reviewed, 25 papers were identified in PubMed but a total of 20 papers were included in the final systemic review according to the specific keywords and materials mentioned above. The occurrence of Mandibular Third Molar Impaction can be seen in everyday routine oral surgery practice. The prevalence of Mandibular Third Molar Impaction is remarkable but varied from one study to another. Causes were investigated showing a multifactorial tendency. Classifications are very essential for diagnosing different types of impaction. Diverse Complications related to Mandibular Third Molar Impaction are possible, yet avoidable. Management was reviewed showing a verity of treatment modalities.

The trend of e-commerce has been catching up in the country with high rates of domestic and local companies using the e-business model to do business very different from the traditional way of doing business in India. This study is trying to Estimate and understand the consumer attitude and factors influencing their behaviour for choosing E-commerce sites and to succeed in those procedures and Find out new opportunities. The study is based in primary data collected by questionnaire on students of Aligarh Muslim University the study conclude that With the increasing middle class people and more disposable incomes, people are now shopping more frequently. Access to affordable internet and increasing number of smartphone users have resulted in more online buyers.

The endodontic preparation of curved and narrow root canals is challenging. Aggressive preparation of the root canal with rotary file systems may result in canal transportation and excess removal of dentine, a major reason for poor prognosis of root canal treated tooth. The purpose of the present study was to compare the canal transportation and centering ability of Rotary ProTaper Next (PTN) and HyFlex EDM file systems using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in curved root canals. Forty extracted human mandibular first molars were mounted on acrylic blocks. Specimens were divided into two groups: Group PTN (ProTaper Next) and Group HF (HyFlex EDM). Mesiobuccal canals were instrumented with ProTaper Next and HyFlex EDM rotary files. Pre-instrumentation and Post-instrumentation scans were performed using CBCT under similar conditions. Canal transportation, centering ratio and volume of the dentine removed were evaluated at 3 cross-section levels; 3-mm, 6-mm and 9- mm from the root apex. The data were statistically analyzed and the level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.Canal transportation was seen minimal with HyFlex EDM (0.021±0.009) at 3mm from the apex and maximum with ProTaper Next (0.028±0.021) at 9mm from the apex. Mean centering ratio was lower for HyFlex EDM to ProTaper Next at all levels. Both Pro Taper Next and HyFlex EDM systems shaped the canals with adequate centering ability and minimal canal transportation. Hyflex EDM better maintained canal centricity but the difference was not statistically significant.

Abstract: Some meat and dairy products contain small amounts of naturally occurring trans fat. But most trans fat is formed through an industrial process that adds hydrogen to vegetable oil, which causes the oil to become solid at room temperature. This partially hydrogenated oil is less likely to spoil, so foods made with it have a longer shelf life. Some restaurants use partially hydrogenated vegetable oil in their deep fryers, because it doesn't have to be changed as often as do other oils. High intakes of industrial trans fatty acids (iTFA) increase circulating low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, which has implicated iTFA in coronary heart disease (CHD) risk. Published data on iTFA and LDL-C, however, represent higher intake levels than the U.S. population currently consume. Number of studies is under process. Findings indicated that a wide range of oils and interventions were used, limiting the ability to determine an isolated effect of iTFA intake. Further, it appears that few dose-response data points are available to assess the relationship of low levels of iTFA, particularly from PHO exposure, and LDL-C. Therefore, limited evidence is available to determine the effect of iTFA at current consumption levels on CHD risk.

Part-time students are distracted by too many competing demands on their time because of work or family commitments. As a result they are not as involved as other students. This is problematic because what students gain from their college experience depends a lot on how much time and effort students put into their educationally purposeful activities. This study sought to find out challenges encountered by part-time students in selected public universities in Kenya. The study was based on student engagement theory. Data was collected from part-time students, games tutors, deans of students, officials of clubs and societies. Simple random sampling was used to select students while purposeful sampling was used to select games tutors, deans of students and officials of clubs and societies. Data was collected using questionnaires, focus group discussions and interview schedules. The analysis of the qualitative data followed the path of aggregating the words or images into categories of information and presented the diversity of ideas gathered during data collection. The study established that majority of the part-time students lacked time to participate in social activities in the universities. They spent most of their time travelling or looking for means of transport. The study further established that part-time students lacked information on the social activities in the university that they could participate in. It is hoped that the findings of the study will be useful to university management in understanding the part-time students’ social needs and satisfaction predictors so as to keep part-time students more engaged with their academic work and perform well in their examinations.

Abstract: Neuroinflammation, mediated by the reactivity of the system of cytokines, accompanies the flow of amyloidosis in Alzheimer’s disease, alongside with disturbances in the work of central departments of the olfaction analyzer. Therefore, it is advisable to determine the reactivity of the cytokine system in the brain sections of elderly rats (neocortex, hippocampus, olfaction bulbs, hypothalamus, caudate nuclei) under the conditions of the bulbar effect of β-amyloid peptide aggregates. The content of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 in the brain sections of the rats having the age of 18 months (n = 24) that are being studied was determined 5 days after the intrabulbar injection of the suspension of β-amyloid peptide 40 (Amyloid β Protein Fragment 1-40, Sigma-Aldrich, USA) in the bidistilate or the solvent itself. It has been shown that the initial level of activity of the cytokine system (intact animals of the control group, n = 8) in the brain sections that are tangent to the olfaction analyzer (neocortex, hippocampus and olfactory bulbs) is probably lower in comparison to other parts (hypothalamus and caudate nucleus) of elderly rats. Intraubulbar injection of β-amyloid peptide 40 aggregates to elderly rats (experimental group, n = 8) increases the activity of the cytokine system in the brain structures distant from the spot of injection (neocortex and hippocampus) responsible for memory mechanisms. It has been determined that the reactivity of the cytokine system in the neocortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus is higher not only in response to the specific toxic effects of the β-amyloid peptide 40 aggregates (experimental group, n = 8), but also due to surgical intervention with the injection of solvent alone (comparison group, n = 8). It has been generalized that the low content of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in phylogenetically younger parts of the brain (neocortex, hippocampus) of intact animals corresponded to increased reactivity of the cytokine system under the influence of exogenous β-amyloid peptide 40.

The translation of English for science and technology (abbreviation for EST) in the internet era caters to the needs of the market and boasts a promising prospect. EST is a kind of informational text characterized by its scientific seriousness, requiring the translator to demonstrate the accuracy and logicality in translated text. Results show that the figure-ground theory can be well applied to spatial orientation analysis, temporal event analysis, and syntactic analysis. Regarding the complex sentences, Tamly put forward five principles of figure-ground theory including sequence principle, cause-result principle, inclusion principle, contingency principle and substitution principle. Taking petroleum EST as the research object, this paper applies the five related principles to the syntactic analysis of long and complex sentences with examples.