To evaluate the effect of metformin therapy for more than three months on serum ghrelin and adiponectin level and to assess the relationship between them with insulin resistance parameters in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A case-control study design was adopted in the Fertility and In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Center at AL. Batool Teaching Hospital Mosul City/ Iraq, in the period between 1st of November 2013 and 1st of May 2014. This study included a group of 41 obese women with PCOS of reproductive age who used metformin for more than three months (metformin users) with another age-and body mass index (BMI)- matched group of 44 obese women with PCOS who did not use metformin (metformin non-users and served as control). A 10 ml of fasting venous blood sample was taken from each PCOS woman of the two groups. The sera were used to measure serum ghrelin, adiponectin, insulin and fasting serum glucose (FSG) level by using commercially specific kits, whereas; BMI and insulin resistance represented by Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) was calculated by using especial equations. The results of this study revealed that there were no significant differences in the mean BMI, waist to hip ratio (WHR), serum ghrelin, FSG and fasting serum insulin (FSI) and HOMA-IR between the metformin users in comparison with metformin non-users obese PCOS patients groups. This study found that there was a significant higher mean serum adiponectin level of the obese metformin users in comparison with the obese metformin non-users PCOS patients. There was a significant positive correlation between BMI and insulin level, BMI and HOMA-IR and between FSG level and HOMA-IR. Also there were a very high significant positive correlation between insulin level and HOMA-IR. In conclusions, metformin therapy for more than three months in obese PCOS patients was associated with a significant higher mean serum adiponectin level than in metformin non-users group. There were non-significant changes in the mean FSG, serum ghrelin level and insulin resistance parameters. Also there were no significant correlation between neither mean serum ghrelin nor adiponectin with the insulin resistance and anthropometric parameters.

Introduction: Placenta is a functional unit between the mother and the foetus. Human placenta is discoid, deciduate, haemochorial, chorioallantoic, labyrinthine and endocrine gland which connects developing embryo by umbilical cord to the endometrium of mother’s uterus. It develops from two sources. Material and Method: This is a prospective study conducted at Department of Anatomy and Physiology, at Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital over a period of 1 year. Inclusion Criteria: Totally, 70 healthy mothers who gave birth to uncomplicated singleton pregnancy, and their new-borns were included in the study. Exclusion Criteria: Subjects with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, anaemia, vascular diseases and multiple pregnancies were excluded in this study. Result: The New-born body mass index (Kg/m2) was measured and the majorities (55.7%) of the new-born were within 11-13 followed by 25.7% of the new-born were more than 14 and the lesser proportion of 18.5% was <10 BMI (Kg/m2). The mean placental weight (in gms) for the female babies <10 BMI (Kg/m2) were 386.62±45.72. The Mean placental weight (in gms) for the male and female babies of BMI 11-13 (Kg/m2) were 398.53±43.74 and 478.63±49.48 respectively. The mean placental diameter (in cms) for the female babies of <10 BMI (Kg/m2) were 14.64±1.23. The mean placental diameter (in cms) for the male and female babies were 15.64±1.53 and 16.64±1.42 respectively of BMI of 11-13 (Kg/m2). Moreover, mean placental diameter (in cms) for the male and female babies were 17.54±1.67 and 16.68±1.86 respectively of BMI of 11-13 (Kg/m2). Conclusion: This study confirms that morphometric observation of placenta is associated with foetal weight. So, an early examination of not only the fetus, but also the placenta by non-invasive techniques like ultrasonography will be helpful to predict and to avoid low birth weight babies with better preventive measures. This study will also make the physicians and researcher to focus on the placenta.

Aim of the study was to find out the role of biochemical markers in diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatitis and compared this value with healthy subjects of Rajasthan. Total 200 subjects were selected in which 100 were selected as patients group and 100 were normal healthy subjects. Out of 100 patients 75 patients were male and 25 patients were female. patients were distributed age wise .Most of the male patients were alcohol abused And suffering from abdominal pain and most of the female patients suffering from gall stone and abdominal pain. Trypsin was estimated with sandwitch Elisa kit method and other biochemical parameters were performed by commercially available kit on fully auto analyzer. In male patients of age group 15-55 years Mean serum total and direct bilirubin level was 7.49±3.86 and 3.46±1.81 respectively. AST level was 268.22±71.74 and in control group mean AST level was 28.69± 5.85.P-value was found highly significant.(P≤ 0.0001) .as well as serum alkaline phosphatase level was found 779.86±456.77 and in control group mean ALP level in serum was 107.0±15.34 IU/L. mean value of amylase and lipase 486.86±154.20 and 2040±745.85 respectively. Mean serum level of trypsin was 461.16±200.72.in female patients all these parameters were also increased. We conclude that all biochemical parameters are increased in pancreatitis. Serum amylase and lipase both increases in pancreatitis but lipase is a specific test for alcohol induced or alcoholic pancreatitis. Trypsin can be used as a marker of pancreatitis.

The purpose of this study is to find out how the perception of price, process and quality of Product influences purchasing decisions with a case study of sharia KPR financing products in PT Bank Permata Syariah Business Unit. There was significant gap between target and sharia KPR finance realization achievement until August 2018 because the target was not achieved. In addition, the ranking of Bank Permata Syariah which is still far below shows that the contribution of KPR financing is not yet high. This is caused by many factors including the price / margin factor offered to customers who are still less competitive, the financing process and product quality that still need to be improved. The design of this research is explanatory. The samples taken in this study were the customers of Bank Permata Syariah in the South Tangerang Region who already had Sharia KPR financing and filled out questionnaires. They were taken by using the accidental sampling method with some specified criteria. The sampling technique was Purposive Sampling Method on 1504 of total population of customers of Bank Permata Syariah in the South Tangerang Region. By using the Slovin formula, 100 customers was obtained as samples. Analysis method of this research was qualitative method with Multiple Linear Regression as analysis tool, and helped by SPSS version 23.0. Before the analysis was carried out, the questionnaire instrument test was carried out with validity and reliability tests and classic assumptions. After that, it was analyzed by Multiple Linear Regression followed by a test of determination analysis (RSquare), partial hypothesis testing (t test) and simultaneous (F test) with a 5% error tolerance level. The results showed that there was an influence of price perceptions on purchasing decisions partially, the process of purchasing decisions partially, product quality on purchasing decisions partially and perceptions of price, process and product quality simultaneously influenced purchasing decisions for Sharia KPR financing products at Bank Permata Syariah

According to IDF diabetic atlas 8th edition, south –East Asian region is the 2nd highest of all IDF regions. It was estimated that. It was estimated that by 2040, this will raise to 150 million 69.1 million adults are diabetic in India according to 2015 census. Material and Methods: For every 11 persons 1 is diabetic. 1 child in every 6 births is affected by hyperglycemia in pregnancy. 2/3rd of people with diabetes is living in urban area and belongs to working age group. 1 in every 2 persons is undiagnosed. To motivate the youngsters to lead a healthy life style and create awareness about the risk of developing diabetes due to lifestyle modifications. Results: Questionnaire based study among 100 medical students further evaluation of blood glucose levels among the high risk group. We have identified that the lack of exercise was the main risk factor among the study group. There is a lack of physical activity among medical students of the study group.

The emitem companies are competing in improving their performance through an offering of stock price progress. Market stock price is the price that occurs in the market at a certain moment determined by market participants. Declining stock price condition indicates the company's position. The decline in investor interest in investment is reflected in the decline in stock prices. This applies also to related companies as well as to national logistics system policies. The objective of this study was to determine the purchase decision, sales decision, and stockholding decision by using an analytical method dividend discounted Model (DDM), price earnings ratio (PER), and price book value (PBV) on companies listed on the national logistics system. Based on the DDM approach, it is known that the average fair stock price is cheaper than the stock market price. This is because the rate of return that is estimated (k) is smaller than the dividend growth (g). If the company gives dividends continues to rise but the stock market price indicates a stable value, then this is not good for the company because it will make the fair value of shares with the method of deviden discounted model get negative results. Based on the PER approach, it is known that the average fair price of shares is more expensive than the stock market price. This is because the measuring instrument above calculates PER by comparing earnings per share. After that the results are multiplied by the expected EPS. Based on PBV approach Average stock fair price > 1, so that the valuation of fair price of shares is worth overvalued. This is because the measuring instrument for calculating the fair value of the stock using the price book value method takes the value of the total equity. Keywords: Stock price, dividend discounted, price earnings, price book

The species Jatropha curcas of the family Euphorbiaceae, widespread in Central Africa, is a shrub 5 to 8 m high; widely used in traditional medicine. The interest of the present study is the evaluation of the hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activity of the aqueous extract of its roots and the formulation of capsules from the dry extract. After the harvest of Jatropha curcas in the region of the center Cameroon, roots underwent clearly a decoction in distilled water, maceration in ethanol 80 % and in pure methanol. Characterization of secondary metabolites families was performed by coloring and phytochemical precipitation tests. Subsequently, some of these metabolites were measured from standards. The animal material (male and female rats) was prepared for demonstration of hypoglycemic and antihyperglycaemic activity using as method the measurement of blood glucose every 30 minutes for 3 hours. The determination of the yields of the extracts showed a significant profitability, 8,14% for the aqueous extract. Phytochemical screening analysis and determination of phenolic compounds revealed that the aqueous extract had high levels of total phenols (24.037 mg Eq AG / g dried material), total flavonoids (9.493 mg Eq Q / g DM), flavanols (2,704 mg Eq R / g DM), flavones and flavonols (2,053 mg Eq Q / g DM), saponins (6,270%), tannins condensates (0,019 mg Eq C / g DM) and anthocyanins (2,625 mg / ml), relative to the methanolic extract and the ethanolic extract. In addition, the methanolic extract was found to be the most titrated in alkaloids (0.698%). Administration of the aqueous extract of root at a dosage of 500 mg/kg of body weight significantly decreased glycaemia (p < 0.05) compared to the group of rats which received distilled water at 10 ml/kg and showed a significant change in percentage of glucose reduction (p = 0.003), comparable to that of glibenclamide 10 mg / kg of body weight, the sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drug of reference. Our results show that the roots of J. curcas have an interesting hypoglycemic effect suggesting their use as extracts in hypoglycemic treatments.

Nigeria currently ranks as the seventh most populous country in the world. However, there is no consensus in the empirical literature on the effect of this growing population on economic development. This study contributes to the ongoing investigations into the effect of population growth on economic development in Nigeria. The study used annual time series data for the period 1980 to 2016 and adopted the OLS regression technique. The results indicate that population growth retards economic development in Nigeria. However, the results further show that credit to the private sector is an important driver of economic development in Nigeria both in the short-run and long-run. Among others, the study concludes that policies that can control the escalating population; ensure that the existing population becomes more productive; and deepen the availability of credits for the private sector will enhance economic development in Nigeria

Objectives: To summarize and critically evaluate the body of research on the connection between obesity and sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk. Methods: To locate research that met the inclusion criteria, a thorough computerized search of relevant databases was carried out. A comprehensive search was carried out on PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to locate relevant material. Results: Our data included seven trials with 104,697 participants and 68,738 (65.7%) were males. The prevalence of SCD among obese patients ranged from 0.05% to 37.1%, with a total prevalence of 1111 (1.1%). Five studies stated that as BMI rises, so does the chance of SCD. Obesity in the early stages of life and obesity and overweight throughout adulthood are risk factors for SCD [13, 15]. Many studies highlighted the interplay between obesity and cardiovascular comorbidities, such as hypertension, coronary artery disease, and heart failure, in increasing the risk of sudden death. Conclusion: The results of this comprehensive review offer strong evidence that obesity poses a substantial risk of sudden death, with the risk rising as obesity severity increases. In those who have pre-existing cardiovascular problems and significant obesity, the relationship is very high. Subsequent investigations have to concentrate on improving comprehension of the correlation between obesity and unexpected mortality, as well as creating practical methods to lower this risk in medical settings.

The existence of human resources in an organization is a valuable asset for the organization itself. Civil Servants (PNS) or now called the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) as human resources in government become the backbone of the government in running the government. In accordance with Law No. 39 of 2008 concerning the State Ministry, it is stated that the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is one of 3 (three) ministries that cannot be dissolved by the President. Thus the position of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has a significant role in the government. So with these conditions, it is important for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to have human resources who are committed to remembering their actions not only in the country but giving Indonesia's image to the international world. The objectives of this study are to find out and explain the effect of career development (x1) and compensation (x2), on job satisfaction (y1) to organizational commitment (y2) in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The sample of this research is the employee of general secretariat of foreign ministry by employing descriptive statistics and data analysis technique using SmartPLS version 3.2.7 as the research methodology. The research reveals that career development, compensation, and job satisfaction have positive effect to the organizational commitment, both partially and simultaneously. Partially, only career development has insignificant effect to the job satisfaction, while the remaining variables have significant effect.

Blood transfusion is a routine, life-saving medical intervention which is generally regarded as safe when done appropriately, but it is not absolutely free from adverse reaction. The aim of the study was to analyze the Adverse Transfusion Reaction (ATRs) as a part of Haemovigilance Programme of India at VIMSAR, Burla. This study was prospective and observational. All blood transfusions and adverse reaction which occurred due to transfusion at V S S Institute of Medical Science and Research (VIMSAR), Burla, between June 2018 and November 2018 were studied. The reactions were reported in a pre-designed transfusion reaction (TR) reporting form for blood and blood products as per the Haemovigilance software, PvPI. ATRs were also analyzed with respect to types of blood products. Total blood components issued by our blood bank to various departments and total ATRs during the study period were 13145 and 121 respectively. Majority of the reactions occurred with whole blood (0.71%), followed by packed red cells (0.17%). The most common ATR observed was allergy (80.16%) followed by febrile Non hemolytic TR (19.83%). Most of the ATRs were acute reactions. The study emphasizes the different reaction accompanied with blood transfusion, and how it can be minimised by proper laboratory technique so that quality and safety of transfusion therapy can be improvised.

The business concentration related to post-harvest and agro-food processing is scarcely widespread in the scientific literature, especially in emerging countries such as Peru. The objective was: a) to know the territories where the companies dedicated to the cultivation, processing and conservation of cereals, vegetables, legumes and fruits are located in Peru, b) to know the quantity of these companies and c) to identify the size of these agro-food companies. Material and method: This is an observational, descriptive and transversal study. The International Standard Industrial Classification version 3.0 and the classification database of the companies that reported the Ministry of Production from January 1 to December 31, 2015 were used. In Peru there are 7995 companies; 5042 are dedicated to the cultivation of cereals, 908 to vegetables and legumes and 2045 to fruits, nuts and plants for beverages and spices. The territories that host these economic activities are: Ucayali with 848 (16.8%) companies, Lima with 281 (30.9%) and Madre de Dios with 518 (25.3%) companies respectively. For the elaboration and transformation of food products, Lima is the city that houses 4683 companies, more than the rest of the cities. According to the business size there are 7828 (97.9%) and 10720 (98.3%) microenterprises corresponding to the cultivation and processing of these foods. Conclusions: It is important to know the socio-economic and agrifood reality, public-private investment to enhance the human capital and the economy of the Peruvian territories with more sustainable and environmentally friendly activities

Plants have formed the basis of sophisticated traditional medicinal systems that have been in existence for thousands of years and continue to provide mankind with new remedies. The study of total ethanol extract of Shorea robusta oleoresin and Wrightia tinctoria bark investigated the antiallergic activity study by sheep (Capra hircus) serum and compound 48/80 induced mast cell degranulation method using ketotifen fumarate and antipruritic activity study by compound 48/80 method using chlorpheniramine maleate as standard. The results showed both plants are excellent candidates.

The study was conducted in five major Binasoybean-2 growing areas of Bangladesh, namely Noakhali, Laxmipur, Chandpur, Barisal, Comilla. The major shares of total cost were human labour, power tiller, fertilizer and irrigation. The average total cost of production in field level of Binasoybean-2 is Tk. 31382.71. The net returns were Tk. 39738.40, Tk. 32353.80, Tk. 31467.89, Tk. 30499.63 and Tk. 20688.88 ha-1 followed by Chandpur, Laxmipur, Noakhali, Barishal, Comilla, respectively. The highest net return (Tk. 39738.40 ha-1) was found at Chandpur district and the lowest net return (Tk. 20688.88 ha-1) comes from Comilla district for Binasoybean-2. The undiscounted benefit cost ratio over full cost basis were 2.29, 2.02, 2.01, 1.98 and 1.65 for Binasoybean-2 in field level for Chandpur, Noakhali, Laxmipur, Barishal and Comilla, respectively. The highest Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) is 2.29 in Chandpur district and the lowest BCR is 1.65 in Comilla district. The highest yield gap between research station and field level was in Comilla (397.50 kg ha-1) and lowest in Chandpur (83.50 kg ha-1). The yield gap between research station and farm level in percentage were 18.30, 8.49, 11.48, 40.43 and 21.30 for Binasoybean-2 in Noakhali, Chandpur, Laxmipur, Comilla and Barishal, respectively. Binasoybean-2 growers faced various constraints to Binasoybean-2 cultivation like, disease and pest infestation, non-availability of quality seed and fertilizer at proper time, lack of soil moisture during sowing time, lack of credit facilities etc. Binasoybean-2 production in the study areas is profitable. Binasoybean-2 farmers received higher return on their investment

Youth often face difficulties in accessing sexual and reproductive health services. The main aim this study was to determine the utilization of youth friendly reproductive health services among secondary school going youths of Fort portal Municipality and ascertain factors that influence use of these services. A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on 250 secondary school youths in Fortportal Municipality. Sample size was determined by using Kish Leslie’s formula. Clustered sampling method was used to choose two (2) schools from each division of Fort portal Municipality; then respondents selected by consecutive sampling method. Data was analyzed using SPSS V.22. About half (53.2%) of the respondents were females and most of the study respondents (85.6%) were adolescents. Almost a third of the respondents (39.2%) were sexually active with 67.3 percent of them having unprotected sex. The study revealed that more than three quarters (79.2%) of the youths were poor users of youth friendly reproductive health services with sex education as the most utilized service (88.4%) and the least being use of contraceptives (20.3%). Age and availability of the services were the main determinants of utilization of these services. Adolescents utilized Youth friendly reproductive health services more than fellow older youths (P; 0.023 and P; 0.033 respectively). Availability of some Youth friendly reproductive health services in schools and health facilities influenced their utilization (P; 0.001 and P;0.013 respectively).Youth friendly reproductive health services are under-utilized by secondary school going youths. Youth friendly healthcare clinics should be operational in all schools and health facilities.