The dermatoglyphics is the study of epidermal ridges present on the surface of palm, soles, finger and toe and have emerge a promising tool in screening and diagnosis of medical and genetics conditions. It is one of the low-cost and noninvasive methods used for mass screening. Materials & methods: This study was conducted out in 100 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients and 100 Non diabetic individuals as control. Dermatoglyphic prints of both hands of study subject were taken by using ink method as described by Cummins and Midlow. Results: This study observed that whorls are increased in diabetic patients both in right and left hand, this difference was found statistically significant (p<0.0001, p<0.003). Arches found more in control than diabetes mellitus patient and this difference is statistically significant (p< 0.007, p<0.0001) Ulnar loop found more in control than diabetes mellitus patients and this difference found statistically significant. There was increase in ‘atd’ angle in patients of diabetes mellitus than controls and this was statistically significant.

Epulis is the most commonly detected benign tumor of the oral cavity. Usually presents as a solitary lesion involving the marginal and attached gingiva. It is the 1st reported case of a 56 year old female patient with four isolated epulides on all four sides of oral cavity and this rare finding is coined as „Quadra Epulis‟.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is an insidious, chronic, progressive, debilitating disease. It has amalignant potential resulting from progressive juxtaepithelial fibrosis of the oral soft tissues, resulting in increasing loss of tissue mobility, marked rigidity and an eventual inability to open the mouth. The hallmark of the disease being sub mucosal fibrosis that affects most parts of the oral cavity, pharynx and upper third of the oesophagus and its clinical presentation depends on the stage of the disease at detection. As the disease has a spectrum of presentation, the management differs with the various stages of the disease. This articles presents a review of the existing literature pertaining to the effectiveness of medical management of Oral submucous fibrosis in its initial stages

Aim: The purpose of the present investigation was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of resorbable collagen-based tetracycline fibers and chlorhexidine chip placement in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Methods: A split-mouth design was used to conduct this study. Fifty one patients with periodontal pockets ranging from ≥5 mm to ≤7 mm were selected for the study. The treatment sites were randomly divided into the control and experimental groups. All of the selected sites were treated with scaling and root planning, and then collagen-based resorbable tetracycline fibers and chlohexidine chip were placed adjunctively in equal number of experimental sites at the same visit. Baseline and followup measurements in both treatment groups included plaque index, probing pocket depth, and relative attachment level. Results: Although significant clinical benefits were obtained in all the treatment groups, the adjunctive antimicrobial use of chlorhexidine chip demonstrated better results compared to the locally tetracycline fibers over the 3-month observational period. Conclusions: The delivery of both antimicrobial agent’s tetracycline in a collagen Matrix and chlorhexidine chip was found to improve the benefits of scaling and root planing by a larger magnitude in patients with moderate-to-deep pockets.

This paper presents a brief work about numerical method to solve ODE with IVP. In this paper firstly derived the first and second order R-K method, than a comparative study will be done use the MATLAB program by taking an example, also in this paper we will show that the second order R-K method is more accurate than first order. Also in this paper present that the accuracy of the methods depend to step size, if the step size taken small then all the numerical methods will be convergence.

Background: In today’s era of preventive medicine, infection control practices hold the centre stage for prevention of Health care associated infection. Adequate knowledge and compliance of hand hygiene is undoubtedly the most essential component which needs to be instilled in all health care personals including medical undergraduate students. Objective: The present study aimed at assessing the knowledge and awareness of hand hygiene in students of a Medical college. Methodology: A cross sectional questionnaire based study was conducted in a medical college teaching hospital and included students from I MBBS, II MBBS, III MBBS part I and II and also students undergoing internship in the hospital. Results and discussion: A total of 383 participated in the study and assessment of the students regarding their awareness showed that over all the awareness regarding the relevance of hand hygiene ranged between 39.2% and 89.2%. The knowledge aspect ranged from 36.6% to 64%. The study showed that overall the students were aware, but lacked knowledge in few important aspects of the laid down protocols of hand hygiene (80.5%vs 56.7%). Comparison of different batches showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in responses of various batches. The study results are in concordance with other studies in literature, where too a gap in knowledge has been realized. Conclusion: Need for introduction of hand hygiene practices in the early years of Medical graduate curriculum with adequate emphasis on all keys areas and thereafter a continued plan for educational and training program

Transmission lines are equally as important as power generation plants for developing the energy sector of any country. In the case of electricity transmission system, economic efficiency implies promoting an optimal utilization of existing network, placing of new generations and promoting addition of loads where the maximum efficiency is envisaged and promoting transmission investments. These characteristics require that the transmission networks that pertain to each transaction must be identified and their costs properly allocated among users based on ARR (Annual Revenue Requirement). In case of developing countries like Nepal where the energy resources are yet to be utilized and huge investments are attracted to build the infrastructures for energy sectors, inviting ample investments and the cost recovery of transmission line becomes challenging. In order to evaluate the wheeling charge of the transmission line, various methodologies have been adapted in different countries. In this view tracing the flow of electricity has gain significance as its solution helps in evaluating fair and transparent tariff. Electricity tracing methods would make it possible to charge the consumers and/or generators on the base of actual transmission capacity used. This paper focuses on electricity tracing using Bialek‟s tracing algorithm. Case study carried out using an IEEE 14-bus with additional two bus to replicate the radial network of a transmission system.

Many earlier studies assessed virtual vs. traditional learning outcomes. The majority of them had two limitations. (1) learners self-selection of virtual classes, and (2) the lack of exams proctoring. It has been stated that these factors give more opportunities of unrealistic elevation of learning outcomes of virtual classes over the traditional ones. This study is of comparative corpus-based nature applied on 1324 male students of Medicine enrolled in Joint First Year Program (JFYP) at Umm Al-Qura University (UQU) in the first semesters of the academic years (2017-2018) and (2018-2019). Participants of this study were given English classification test before commencing their JFYP. In the first semester of the academic year (2017-2018), 624 students were taught English in traditional classes by the English Language Center (ELC) at UQU. The other 700 students studied English through virtual classes by TeachCast with Oxford via Eleutian platform. Then, all participants sat for final exams by the end of their first semesters. Comparing the participants’ grades in these two tests is meant to (1) test the claims of the earlier studies, (2) reveal the impact of English instruction by the ELC at UQU and (3) disclose whether the English learning outcomes of controlled virtual classes surpass the traditional classes’ or not. Findings of this study indicated that the learning outcomes of virtual classes significantly surpassed the traditional classes although the affecting factors stated by earlier studies were eliminated. Then, the study recommendations were suggested.

The term orbital hypertelorism denotes “widely apart orbits.” This may also be associated with the abnormal orientation of the orbits in terms of the vertical position (dystopia). This deformity may be seen unilaterally or bilaterally. They may present as symmetric or asymmetric and can manifest in a variety of craniofacial conditions. The treatment is primarily carried out for aesthetic reasons. This paper emphasizes on the current understanding of this condition

This study assesses the condition of hostel facilities among students in Federal University Dutse, Nigeria. Stratified random sampling technique was employed to select three students’ hostels; two female hostels and one male hostel for the research while simple random sampling technique was used to select the respondents among the students on Campus. Primary data was obtained using questionnaire survey, a total of 140 copies of the questionnaire was administered to the students; 80 (57%) a males and 60 (43%) females. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analyses. The Bio-data of the respondents was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the result shows that 75 (54%) of the respondents are aged between 18 and 20 years, 121(86%) are single, 44 (31%) are level 100, 54 (39%) are level 200, 20 (14%) are level 300 and 22 (16 %) are level 400 students. The data analysis further shows that the respondents gave different assessments of the facilities and services provided in the hostels for example, provision of electricity supply (56.4%), water supply (47.1%), firefighting equipment (40%), writing desks (37.1%), doors (49.3%) and windows (59.3%) were described as excellent and functional. The facilities and services adjudged to be good include fencing (40%), waste disposal (50.7%), standby generator (35.7%), security (36.4%), ICT/Reading (36.4%), kitchenette (33.6%), recreation area (32.1%), bathroom (31.4%), drainage (42.9%), laundry (40%), privacy (40%) and cost of bed space (39.3%). However, the condition of toilets facilities was assessed to be fair with a total of 26.4%. The paper therefore recommends that the Management of the University should sustain the current level of provision of facilities assessed to be in good condition and make efforts to improve on the provision of facilities that are not good condition for achieving better health, wellbeing and enhanced quality of life of the students living in the hostels as contained in the current United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.

In the present study, 3-dimensional model of natural circulation loop (NCL) have been developed in design software Proe 4.0. The steady flow simulation of single phase CO2, for natural circulation loop (NCL) with end heat exchangers are analyzed in Fluid Flow (Fluent), a module in Ansys-Workbench 14.0. Results are obtained for various mass flow rates/velocities of air in control volume of cold heat exchanger, for a fixed heat flux from air in the hot heat exchanger. Results show that due to the presence of bends and strong buoyancy effects, local velocity and temperature vary in all three dimensions.

This cross-sectional descriptive study using convenience sampling technique was conducted in rural Thane district in Maharashtra State on male adolescents (n=200) to determine their health-related behaviour and health profile. A pre-tested formatted proforma was used to record socio-demographic and health-related data. Their mean age was 17.81  1.20 years (95% CI: 17.65–17.98 years). 153 (76.5%) belonged to lower middle class and the rest to lower class as per B.G. Prasad Classification. 64.5% were students while 35.5% had dropped out of studies. The participants had relatively good personal hygiene. Consumers of alcohol and tobacco comprised 10.0% and 15.5%, respectively. Their current health-related problems comprised dental conditions (15%), skin diseases (12.5%), eye conditions (6.5%), ear problems (2.5%), vitamin A deficiency (2%) and vitamin B deficiency (1.5%). Self-reported history of past illness included tuberculosis, typhoid, upper respiratory tract infection, dengue, malaria and jaundice. The illnesses among family members included tuberculosis, diabetes and hypertension. Periodic health assessment of adolescents can help initiate early interventions. Community-level educational intervention can help in coping with nutritional deficiencies.

Introduction: The paired scapular bone are present on dorsal aspect of thorax with its process like spine, coracoids and acromial; and it has superior, inferior and glenoid or lateral angles; costal and dorsal surfaces and surascapular notch on its superior border. The detailed knowledge of scapular anatomy and its morphometric & osteometric measurements are essential for treatment of shoulder blade disorders like displacement fracture and for corrective prosthetic surgeries. Materials and methods: 60 dry intact scapulae (24 right & 36 left) were examined for the study were taken from department of anatomy, Vydehi Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Bangalore and from East Point College of Medical Science And Research Centre, Bangalore. The different parameters of the scapula were taken for the measurements. Results: In the present study average parameters of scapular length was 13.5 cm, scapular width was 8.6cm, glenoid height was 3.5cm and its width was 2.2cm, acromion length was 3.8 cm and its breadth was 2.2cm, corocoid length 3.68cm and its thickness 1.17cm, projection length of spine 12.2cm, acromio-corocoid distance 3.56 cm and acromio-glenoid distance 2.75 cm, suprascapular notch depth 0.83cm & superior transverse diameter of notch was 1.75cm, superior angle of scapula was 91.70, inferior angle was 37.60, lateral angle was 55.10, glenopolar angle was 34.30 & glenoinclination angle was 11.50. Conclusion: This data of detailed measurements of different parameters of scapula may be helpful for athropologists and anatomists and also for surgeons to aid in the management of various shoulder diseases and in designing implants for the shoulder joint.

Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been decisively established as the cause of AIDS.AIDS scientist presents these results as strong evidence that HIV is the cause of AIDS. Such arguments are very persuasive to public and most scientists, even though there is debate among different scientists. Objectives: To review HIV the cause of AIDS or not. Methods: systematic literature review in methodology was used. The review was conducted using reliable healthcare internet database namely; Google scholar, hinari and PubMed central. Ten scientific articles were scrutinized to obtain results for the review. Result: The result of this review showed that a total of six articles were reviewed which talks about the belief and evidence are that HIV is causes of AIDS. Conclusion: Even if there is a debate among scientists about whether HIV causes AIDS was related to refusing HIV treatments and poorer health outcomes. And following or accepting the positive one that is HIV causes AIDS do not have side effect without improving of quality of life.

Globally, research groups are investigating CZTS thin film via various deposition methods as an absorber layer for solar cells. The challenge lies in understanding the formation of a number of secondary phases during and after the synthesis of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) and its various different structural and optical defects. The present contribution shows an in-depth review of the works carried out so far by various research groups. This review also highlights the effect of deposition parameters on the optical properties of CZTS absorber.