This paper analyses the driving for the emission reduction performance of industrial wastewater from 2008 to 2017 in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei by utilizing the modified Kaya identity and the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) method. As a result, we find that industrial water-saving technology and water consumption per unit of industrial GDP are the negative inhibitors of industrial wastewater discharge, while worker productivity and the scale of workers are the positive factors for industrial wastewater discharge. This study also shows that although the performance of industrial wastewater reduction in this area has improved in the last ten years, there is still room for improvement.

Muscular echinococcosis represents only 1-4% of hydatidoses [4], and can take the appearance of a soft tissue tumor. We report the case of a 62-year-old patient hospitalized in our formation for Gluteal hydatid cyst with intra pelvic extension: a rare localization

Sugarcane flowering is a blessing in subtropical and temperate areas. It is intricate process subjected to a complex interaction of physiological and environmental facets chiefly plant maturity, photoperiod and temperature. Though at Murree, later two (environmental) parameters vary to bit extent from optimum, even then flowering does occur among good number of lines. Almost 41% of the lines grown during this study period flowered to different degree at 400m altitude. Lines were categorized as early (early November to July, 20 lines), intermediate (March to July, 45 lines) and late flowering (May to July, 21lines). Late flowering lines have relatively defined flowering period of 6 to 8 weeks. For sugarcane to flower, minimum physiological maturity is observed to be achieved when plant is about 75 days old or has developed 3 to 4 naked internodes. Shortening day length from 12h 30min to 12h was achieved in second week of September at 120 second per day. Average minimum temperature of (12.2oC) prevailed during flower initiation which was much below optimum requirement of 22oC. Low temperature resulted in variation in flowering among genotypes and was also responsible for reduced fuzz viability. Present study was conducted to ascertain factors responsible for sugarcane flowering at particular site. It will also help to plan future hybridization program in sugarcane.

Background: Inflammatory fibroid tumor (IFT) is uncommon tumor in large bowl. In this patient it was the unusual cause for large bowel intussusception. More over the coexistence of mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from adenomatous polyp is a rarity previously unreported in the world literature. Case presentation: Here, we present the case of a 65 year old female who complained of lower abdominal pain with rectal bleeding occasionally. Imaging studied confirmed the diagnosis of intussusception of ileocecal type. After resection of intestines, two sessile polyps in caecum were detected. Histology of the polyp’s revealed one showing classical features of IFP and the other a malignant growth arising from tubular adenoma with deep invasion upto serosal coat. Unusually IFP lacks CD 34 stromal cells. Conclusions: Intussusception of ileocecal type due to sessile polyps in caecum is a rare surgical event. The heterogenous nature of these polyps being the cause for this unusual case is previously unreported.

Pediatric solid tumours constitute a unique division of importance not only for the age group affected but also for the increased incidence of recurrence and relapse. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to study the clinicopathological profile of malignant pediatric solid tumours and also to analyze the expression pattern of cancer stem cell marker, CD44 in a series of pediatric solid tumours. Materials and Methods: 75 cases of malignant solid tumours age group less than 17 years, reported at Sri Ramachandra Medical College from jan 2009 to dec 2013 were included in this study. Formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue stained with H&E were used for routine morphology. Immunohistochemical staining was done using monoclonal anti CD-44 antibody by Streptavidin biotin peroxidase complex technique. Scoring was done using Histochemical Scoring (H-Score) method. Results: Among the 75 cases 52 (68%) were males and 23(32%) were females. 22(29%) were CNS neoplasms and 53(71%) were Non CNS neoplasms which included lymphoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, Osteosarcoma, Wilms tumour, Soft tissue tumours, Germ cell tumours, Neuroblastoma, Hepatoblastoma & others. The CD 44 expression was variable according to the grades of CNS tumours. Among non CNS neoplasms, lymphomas showed an increased expression for CD44 with all the 11 of 12 cases (91%) being positive [Mean H-score- 213.4]. Ewing’s sarcoma/PNET (9 cases) and Wilm’s tumour (5 cases) were completely negative for CD44. Conclusion: Pediatric solid tumours form a wide spectrum. Targeting CD 44 CSCs could be a strategy to improve the outcome in these tumours.

Hemoglobin D Punjab or HbD Los Angeles is one of the commoner hemoglobinopathies. In β-chain there is substitution at position 121 i.e.121 GluGln (Glutamic Acid is replaced by glutamine). The clinical spectrum of all the variants are usually ranges from asymptomatic state to mild hemolytic anemia and mild to moderate splenomegaly. Here, the retrospective study was carried out in general population of all the age groups in Dhiraj General Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat. The duration of study was 8 months. Diagnosis of HbD Punjab was done by hemoglobin HPLC method with BIO-RAD D-10™ machine. Total 16 Hb D Punjab cases out of 1245 cases were found. Which were further categorized in Hemoglobin D trait (HbAD); Hemoglobin D disease (HbDD); Hemoglobin D-β–thalassemia (thalassemia trait/AD trait or DD homozygous) and Double heterozygous S and D (HbSD) entity. While HPLC reporting, it is very essential to keep these differentials of Hb D Punjab entity in suspected hemoglobinopathies because in today’s scenario there has been change in geographic distribution of population. A collective data from clinical history, complete blood count, HPLC finding & sickling solubility tests enable definitive identification of hemoglobin D Punjab variant.

Wegener’s granulomatosis is an unusual pathologic lesion involving genito urinary systems in both sexes. To establish its diagnosis, we emphasize more on morphologic features than otherwise and importance of various histologic parameters encountered in this disease is analyzed extensively. Briefly, differential diagnosis is reviewed and reasons for this approach are elaborated.

Enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATL) has been introduced since 2001 in the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) international classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues as a separate entity from T-cell lymphomas [1, 2]. The main characteristic of EATL besides its extreme rarity (less than 1% of all non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas [NHL]) [3] and its location in the intestine is that it is associated with an enteropathy and develops from the intraepithelial T-lymphocytes of the intestine. This NHL can occur as a complication of a previously recognised enteropathy or may signal its presence, and its diagnosis is thus based mainly on intestinal mucosa lesions seen at some distance from the lymphoma. The most classic form of EATL is type I (80%), which is a serious complication of celiac disease (CD). CD is the only enteropathy that is associated with this particular NHL and the molecular bonds have now been better described [4-6]. The therapeutic management of EATL remains particularly difficult and its prognosis is very poor.

Ovarian germ cell tumours are rare. Of the germ tumours the dermoid cyst is the most common; however the association of carcinoid tumour with the dermoid cyst is exceptional. We report a case of a 38-years-old woman diagnosed with primary carcinoid tumor of the right ovary arising in mature cystic teratoma. It is the histological examination, with the immunohistochemical study that allowed the positive diagnosis. Surgical treatment ofen consists of unilateral anexectomy.

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria belonging to mycobacterium family (KOCH bacillus). It often affects low socioeconomic populations, immunosuppressed individuals, and elderly people. The lung remains the most frequent localization in endemic countries followed by visceral involvement especially digestive one. Our patient is 46 years old with no particular history who presented a mammary nodule measuring 4.5 cm located at the level of the supero-internal quadrant with no inflammatory sign, with stable general conditions. The mammogram shows a poorly circumscribed and dense lesion without calcifications with disorganization of the mammary architecture and surface thickening of the skin. A decision of an extemporaneous examination was made by the surgical team with an initial diagnosis of breast carcinoma. A diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis has been made by our team while waiting confirmation of the specificity of the inflammatory reaction after paraffin inclusion. Histological examination after formalin fixation and paraffin inclusion confirms the tuberculous origin of the lesion. Breast tuberculosis is a rare disease, even in endemic countries. Its incidence is low both as tuberculous localization (0.06 to 0.1%) and breast disease (0.025 to 4.5%). The disease evolves in an insidious way and is rarely accompanied by general signs.

This study evaluates the influences of various Tax revenues and duty elements on public expenditure in Nigeria over the period of 1994 to 2016. The study employs the stationarity test, the Co-integration, Error Correction estimate and the Granger Causality test. Due to the relatively short period considered by the study, it employs the Auto regressive Distributive Lag model. The lag length selection criteria showed the sufficiency of the first lag for the employed model since revenues of previous period may be expended in future periods. It is discovered in the long run that Petroleum Profit Tax, Company Income Tax and Value Added Tax revenue sources contribute significantly to the expenditure pattern of the government. Unidirectional causal relationship abound and spilled from Petroleum profit Tax and Company Income tax to Government Expenditure while bidirectional causal relationship is seen between Personal Income Tax and Government Expenditure and Valued Added Tax and Government Expenditure. It was also observed that the trend of government expenditure is largely independent of Capital Gains Tax and Custom and Excise duties. This is linked to insufficient funds accruing to the identified tax revenue and duties sources. Freidman’s Tax leading hypothesis is imminently represented as Petroleum Profit Tax and Company Income Tax are seen to be leading and determining the expenditure pattern of the public sector. Although, the above shows the dependence of government expenditure largely on the natural resource of the nation (crude oil) and the corporate firms. It is therefore recommended that (i) the public sector should ensure a fluid budgetary process to ensure easier transition and benefit from revenues via government expenditures and (ii) the custom and excise duties should be reformed to ensure proper remittances and adequate collection plans.

This study investigates the lack of availability of science teaching facilities on students teaching and learning science in some selected secondary schools in Kebbi State. Five research questions are developed to capture the topic and questionnaire is designed to obtain information from the respondents which comprise of teachers of the selected schools, 30 population samples were randomly selected from the four schools in the state, percentage and frequency distribution were used to present the result of the information gathered. The analysis of the data shows that teachers (administrators and classroom teachers) procure instructional material majority by improvisation. Other sources include donations, gifts from philanthropists, spirited people and international organizations. They utilize instructional materials to demonstrate learning concepts in the classroom; they have certain way of maintaining these instructional materials for teaching and learning purposes. However, problems such as poor maintenance culture of school heads, inadequate funds, inexperience in the use of some science teaching materials (laboratory materials) by some teachers, lack of in-service training for teachers, poor storage facilities, lack of interest of some administrative heads and teachers over instructional materials. The findings of the study discovered that some classroom teachers do not use instructional materials to bring about effective learning in the classroom because they lack the required knowledge on how to use the instructional materials appropriately. As a result of low knowledge by some of these teachers, they prefer not to make use of these facilities because they fear not to damage them. Recommendations are made based on the findings that seminars, in-service training and workshop should be organized for teachers on the effective use of instructional materials in the teaching and learning process, there should be supervision and monitoring of the teachers by school administrators during instructional process under classroom condition. The findings also revealed the positive impacts of adequate teaching materials to student‟s academic performance, problems affecting the use of educational facilities and how it can be resolved in the study area. Keywords:

Unani System of Medicine is an important segment of AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy). In 20th and 21st century due to side effects of synthetic drugs, there is an increasing interest in ASU (Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani) medicine. At present the adulteration of the herbal drugs is the burning problem in ASU herbal industry and it has caused a major problem in the research on commercial natural products. The deforestation and extinction of many species and incorrect identification of many plants has resulted in adulteration and substitution of raw drugs. The future development and analysis of herbs is largely dependent upon reliable methodologies for correct identification, standardization and quality assurance of ASU drugs. In India normally the contamination/adulteration in food/crude drugs is done either for financial gain or due to carelessness and lack of proper hygienic conditions of processing, storing, transportation and marketing. Medicinal plants constitute an effective source of traditional and modern medicine. Adulteration is considered as an intentional addition of foreign substances to increase the weight of the product or to decrease its cost. It may be due to various factors like confusion in vernacular names, lack of knowledge about authentic plants, non availability of genuine drugs, similarity in morphology, activity, aroma, careless collection and other unknown reasons. This article throws a light on adulteration, types, common market adulterants in ASU medicines and prescribed Prevention methods.

Discourse analysis is an important approach in interpreting denotations beyond the surface meaning of a sentence. Two methods are embodied in this research to examine the underlying meaning of certain literary texts. Since the novel Anne of Green Gables by Lucy Montgomery still poorly explored, this paper investigates the language of selected contexts of the novel according to the theories of cooperative principle and conversational implicature. To clarify, the research sheds light on the nature of discourse in the novel using Grice's four conversational maxims. The violation of maxims can be explained with regard to the theory of conversational implicature. The findings of this paper demonstrate the efficiency of the applied theories. The results signify that all the maxims have been flouted among the selected parts of the novel. The overall assumption of maxims flouting in this novel is due to the protagonist‟s constant detachment of her real world. Such continuous demeanor indicates the protagonist‟s wishes of escaping her rough cruel life as an orphan and finding a refuge through her imaginative excursions.

Backround: Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm that originates in abnormal pluripotent bone marrow stem cell and is associated with the BCR ABL1 fusion gene located in the Philadelphia chromosome. Objective: Molecular diagnosis is done by detecting BCR-ABL fusion transcripts which is also helpful in the identification of various molecular subtypes on the basis of breakpoint cluster regions involved in the translocation. Materials & Methods: This was a data based study & a total of 90 patients were enrolled in the study. The molecular diagnosis was done on Real Time PCR in a stepwise manner using commercial kits. Firstly RNA was extracted from blood kits, then cDNA was synthesized which was subjected to quantitative PCR & the BCR-ABL/ABL ratio was calculated. Results: Out of the 90 patients who reported with mild to moderate leucocytosis Philadelphia chromosome was not detected in 14 patients, 18 patients were with negative BCR-ABL/ABL ratio and 58 patients were found to be positive with mean value of 36.17±7.43 of the ratio which decreased with the treatment. Conclusion: Molecular detection of the BCR-ABL/ABL ratio is an important tool for assessing response to therapy and in developing more effective therapeutic modalities.