Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most frequently encountered malignancy by head and neck surgeons. There are certain variants of SCC that are classified as individual tumours by the World Health Organization (WHO).The histopathologic picture of these malignant tumours guides the surgeon in evaluating the prognosis. These variants require special attention owing to fact that there’s gross difference in their presentation and management. Ackerman’s tumour is the most commonly encountered variant. A case of Ackerman’s tumour involving the hard palate and lower labial mucosa is discussed

Background: With the advancement in medical facilities and sudden drop in mortality rate, the elderly are the most rapidly growing population group in the world. On contrary in industrialized societies, blood pressure increases with age, and blood pressure at one age is directly related to blood pressure at an earlier age. Blood pressure is also related to weight, weight change, and maturation. This study is to correlate the association of growth and maturation with blood pressure and the evidence for blood pressure "tracking" with age. Additional longitudinal studies are required to determine if blood pressures before puberty are related to blood pressures of sexually mature young adults. Materials and method: Prospective randomized sampling was done to include all the patients who came for the dental treatment and their systolic and diastolic blood pressure were recorded. Patients were then divided in 5 groups: group A (21 -30), group B (31 -40), group C (41- 50), group C (51 -60) and group D (61 -70) years of age. Patients who had gestational hypertension, patients already diagnosed with hypertension and on medication for same were excluded. All the five groups consisted of 20 patients each. Results: A total of 100 patients were evaluated pressure within 5 five groups for systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Over all mean blood pressure of 100 patients were 128/86 mmhg whereas among Group A, B, C, D, E and F mean blood pressure was 118/78, 122/84, 133/88, 130/84 and 138/94 mmhg. Results shows low mean blood pressure among Group A (age group of 21-30) patients that is 118/78mmhg and highest among group F (age group of 61- 70) that is 138/94 mmhg. Conclusion: With the advancement of age blood pressure also raises up which can be alarming for other progressive systemic diseases. One should have regular check-up, changes in diet and behaviour life style as age advances.

Purpose: This study assesses the influence of four styles of instructional delivery on dental students‟ preference and perception of learning experience using lecture method in classroom setting. The association between gender, age, course level and the instructional method preference is also evaluated. Materials and Methods: A group of 98 undergraduate students belonging to the first three years of Bachelor of Dental Surgery (B.D.S) degree program participated in this study. Four instructional methods were used to deliver lectures on surgical techniques used in dental implantology: Chalk-talk method (CT), PowerPoint presentation with figures (PPTf), PowerPoint presentation with figures and dental models (PPTfm) and Videos-verbal elaboration (VT). Two structured questionnaires were used to record the response of the students towards the instructional method employed. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used. Results: Recorded students‟ response indicates that VT is an effective instructional delivery method to deliver subject content (99%), promote topic understanding (98%), promote future learning (99%), promote recollection (99%), promote integration of theoretical and practical knowledge (98%) and promote attentiveness (100%). The order of lecture methods preference is as follows: combination of instructional delivery methods (49%), VT (44.9%), PPTfm (5.1%), PPTf (1%) and CT (0%). As the course level increased, higher preference was given to combination of instructional delivery methods (PPtfm, PPTf, VT). There is statistically significant association between age and the method preferred (p=0.001). Conclusion: The dental students preferred the VT method, followed by the PPTf and PPTfm methods.

This study investigated the influence of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in teaching and learning Geography in selected tertiary institutions in Adamawa State, Nigeria. The study specifically sought to determine if Geography teachers in tertiary institutions are exposed to new technologies, establish whether new technologies are available for teaching Geography, investigate the extent of integration of these new technologies into teaching Geography and examine the factors that inhibit teachers from using new technologies in teaching Geography in selected tertiary institutions in Adamawa State. The study adopted a descriptive survey design and the population consisted of students of three tertiary institutions in Adamawa State. Three hundred respondents were selected using stratified random sampling technique. The instrument titled: „Information and Communication Technology in Teaching and Learning Geography Questionnaire‟ was validated by an expert in Guidance and Counselling from the Department of Science Education. The reliability value was calculated using Kudden Richardson formular (KR-21) which yielded reliability co-efficient of 0.87.

Planning and executing the restorative rehabilitation of a decimated occlusion is probably one of the most intellectually and technically demanding tasks facing a restorative dentist. The term "occlusal rehabilitation has been defined as the restoration of the functional integrity of the dental arches by the use of inlays, crowns, bridges and partial dentures". Occlusal rehabilitation therefore involves restoring the dentate or a partially dentate mouth. The aim is to provide an orderly pattern of occlusal contact and articulation that will optimize oral function, occlusal stability and esthetics. Occlusal adjustment by grinding may be required, as part of the rehabilitation but does not constitute rehabilitation per se. In this review occlusal rehabilitation is discussed in the context of cases where restorations are supported by natural teeth and doesn't include the restoration of the fully edentulous arch or maxillofacial defects, nor does it include the use of osseointegrated implants.

Background: Left ventricular (LV) thrombus is a complication of acute Myocardial Infarction (MI) and is associated with systemic thromboembolism. Although standard trans-thoracic echocardiogram (TTE) is commonly used for screening, it is limited by low sensitivity for detection of LV thrombus. Magnetic resonance imaging has a high yield in detection of these thrombi. Objective: To determine rate of detection of left ventricular thrombi on magnetic resonance cardiac viability studies. Design: Retrospective, observational. Setting: Department of Radiology at a Hospital in Dhahran from April 2013 to April 2018. Patients and Methods: All recently reperfused ST Segment Elevation MI (STEMI) patients who were referred for MR cardiac viability studies with negative TTE (for LV thrombi) were evaluated. Patients with limited or incomplete studies, previously known MI or cardiac surgeries, and those contraindicated to MRI were excluded. An area of low signal intensity with no late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was defined as thrombus on MR imaging, and two radiologists made consensus reporting for the diagnoses. Patients with anterior or non-anterior wall MI were documented, and their ejection fractions were recorded. The percentage estimation for positive LV thrombi cases was made. Any complications (like stroke or death) that occurred within one year of diagnoses were documented. A Chi-square and t-test determined the association. Main Outcome Measures: Detection of LV thrombi. Sample size: 125 patients. Results: Of the 125 patients, most were men (71.2%) with a mean age of 56.78 years. Eleven patients had left ventricular thrombi (8.8%), and most of these were anterior wall infarctions with low ejection fractions (<40%). Three out of 11 patients with LV thrombi developed complications versus 3 out of 114 without LV thrombi. Conclusion: Cardiac MR viability studies can detect LV thrombi in recently reperfused echo-negative STEMI patients. Limitations: Retrospective, small sample, single center, use of non-contrast echocardiography

Background: Stress is a negative emotional, cognitive, behavioral and physiological process occurs as individual adjusts with stressors. Due to the secretion of this cortisol and epinephrine blood vessels are tightenedas a result heart rate and blood pressure increases. Present study aimed to asses the level of perceived stress and its association with Pre hypertension in health professional beginners. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, SBKS MI & RC, SVDU for consecutive two batches 2016-17 & 2017-18. Total 506 first year MBBS, BDS & BPT students were studied for age, gender and Blood Pressure. Stress was assessed by PSS-10 scale. Two groups were identified as their PSS score, stressed and non-stressed. Results: PSS score showed that among all participants 71.74% (N=363) students were stressed and 28.26% (N=143) students were none stressed. In the present study the mean systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure of 506 health professionals was 125.63±3.35 and 76.96±5.65 respectively which falls under the category of pre hypertension. Conclusion: Majority of students could be categorized as pre-hypertensive group based on blood pressure.An effective inclusion and implementation of regular exercise, sports and cultural activities and stress management program like meditation, yoga in the medical curriculum may be a key to reducing and or preventing stress-induced psychological distress and Hyperteinsion

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a rare a highly heterogeneous set of malignant mesenchymal neoplasms. Histological grading plays a central role in the assessment and management of patients with STS, since histological gradeis prognostic, contributes to clinical staging, and is also predictive of chemotherapy responses so drives clinical decisionmaking on the use of adjuvant chemotherapy. Here we review the main histopathological grading systems andthe main considerations for the practising pathologist when grading STS. We highlight that histological STS gradingis not without its limitations, not least in classifying 50% of tumours as of uncertain behaviour (grade 2). However, recent developments in molecular risk stratification hold promise for molecular grading of STS with the ultimate goal of personalising therapy based on molecular profiles.

Breast spindle cell lesions (BCSLs) are a highly heterogenous group of diseases that frequently challenge the diagnostic skills of even specialist breast pathologists. While a systematic morphological assessment remains central to narrowing the differential diagnosis, immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a valuable ancillary test that can help to either further narrow or confirm a diagnosis. However, BSCLs can also show a remarkable degree of intra-tumoural morphological and immunohistochemical heterogeneity, meaning that IHC is rarely either specific or sensitive for a particular lesion and that care must be taken when interpreting diagnostic core biopsies. IHC results must, therefore, always be interpreted with caution and in the context of the morphological features and wider clinicopathological findings.

The Cestodes, Echinococcus granulosusand Echinococcus multilocularis are the causative agents of hydatid disease. Dog is the definitive host while humans are accidental intermediate hosts. The liver and lungs are commonly affected though other exotic sites can also be uncommonly affected. This is of great clinical relevance because of the risk of anaphylaxis during inadvertent surgical exploration or other invasive procedures. Imaging and hydatid serology (Indirect Hemagglutination, Immunoelectrophoresis, ELISA and Western Blot) are the key to pre-operative diagnosis. We present a series of hydatid cysts presenting at unusual sites including kidney, parotid, and ovary and limb muscle. Hydatid cyst should be suspected in the differential diagnosis of any cystic lesion particularly in endemic areas.

This study is entitled Comparison Analysis of Stock Price Before and After Announcement of Business Index 27. The target population is 27 companies, operational variables taken is the stock price 20 days before and after the announcement of business index 27. Processing data is done using SPSS Version 22 Program, the results show there is no difference in stock prices before and after announcements of business index 27 means that the announcement does not affect stock prices, but the relationship between stock prices before and after is very strong.

Allergic reactions raise the utmost concern to health care practitioners in all fields of expertise. Nickel allergy can be seen occasionally in orthodontic patients as nickel is a component of the majority of orthodontic alloys. The objective of this review was to discuss the prevalence of nickel hypersensitivity reactions, compare the nickel ion release during orthodontics treatment and possible alternative treatment options available for patients with a nickel allergy. Further prospective researches with large sample sizes are required to improve the quality of evidence.

This research aims to know the influence of Working Capital Turnover (WCTO), Total Asset Turnover (TATO), and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Audit Committee, and Board of Director on the firm value. The population in this research is manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2013-2017. Sampling method used is purposive sampling. The data analysis technique has been carried out by using multiple linear regressions analysis, and the SPSS program 21. The results of this study indicate that Working Capital Turnover (WCTO) has no effect on Tobins Q, while Total Asset Turnover (TATO) has an effect on Tobins Q, Debt to Equity Ratio (DER} has an effect on Tobins Q, Audit Committee has no effect on Tobins Q and Board of Director has an effect on firm value.

The focus of this paper is on fiscal federalism and its effects on national integration in Nigeria. The paper was aimed at explaining the nature of fiscal federalism in Nigeria and the relationship between fiscal federalism and national integration. The theoretical framework for the paper was the Public Goods Theory. The historical/descriptive analytical approach was the method of the study which relied largely on secondary sources of data collection, such as journals, textbooks, internet and newspapers. The recommendation of the paper among others is that the lasting solution to the problems confronting Nigeria‟s fiscal federalism lies in the readjustment of the tax revenue sharing power of the federation in an equitable manner among the component units which currently angle in favour of the federal government. Conclusively, the paper states that a united country and people are in a better position to ably confront its crises of development, nationhood and stability if there is truly fiscal federalism. National integration is a serious and purposeful endeavour, the failure of which has grave consequences to any nation.

With the acceleration of globalization and the increasingly complex international situation, language is not only a written symbol, but also a social and cultural function to mark countries and nations. Great changes have taken place in people's view of language. Some linguists are no longer confined to the study of micro-linguistic phenomena such as pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar, but focus more on macro-linguistic phenomena closely related to national interests and national security. Especially with the development of modern informationization in recent years, language policy has also become an important topic of concern to linguists. This paper discusses the research of American minority language policy based on knowledge base from the research background, research purposes, research ideas, research methods, innovations, and theoretical and practical significance.