General and hand hygienic practices are cost-effective methods to prevent the transmission of nosocomial infections. Hand hygiene practices are faulty in most healthcare settings. This study is designed to assess the general and hand hygiene practices among medical and nursing students of the University of Hail in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This is a cross-sectional study conducted among medical and nursing students. A detailed questionnaire was prepared and piloted before the final interview. The participation of students was voluntary and the questionnaires were kept anonymous. The majority of the medical and nursing students, who participated in this study, were males (88%), with 94% in the college of medicine and 82% in the college of nursing. The majority of both medical and nursing students had good hygienic and good hand washing practices. Hand washing practices were almost similar (p>0.05) in both male and female students. This study showed a higher percentage of general and handwashing hygienic practices among medical and nursing students. However, multifaceted and dedicated efforts must be undertaken to rectify this practice from early on.

Over the last years, the management of municipal solid waste (MSW) has been renovated and modernized. Timely treatment or storage of municipal waste does not, however, solve the problem of the threat MSW may pose for human life and environment. Therefore, projects of modern thermal plants for the processing of municipal solid waste, such as eco-incineration plants, have been launched on the market. It is not only possible to carry out the process of utilization of MSW, but also to obtain renewable energy. The result of MSW incineration is fly ash and bottom ash. In the fly ash composition, there are present chemical compounds such as silicon dioxide, magnesium oxide, aluminum oxide and calcium oxide. The carbonation process is a process in which calcium or magnesium oxide may react with carbon dioxide, forming carbonates. The mineral carbonation is possible with the use of high-calcium fly ash as one of the substrates of this chemical reaction. As a result, it produces carbonates which are not harmful to the environment as well as to humans. The idea of the experiment was to carry out the process of mineral carbonation of fly ash from the thermal treatment plant of municipal solid waste. The whole process was carried out at elevated pressure, and temperatures. After the experiment, several instrumental analyses were performed on the tested samples, such as XRD analysis, SEM scanning electron microscopy and IR infrared spectroscopy. The free calcium content was determined.

The unemployment situation in Nigeria poses serious threats and challenges to both government and well meaning citizens. The Nigeria government introduced entrepreneurship education as a pathway to stimulate self- sufficiency, self-sustainability and self-support culture in students. The aim is to ensure graduates take advantages of personal resourcefulness to be self-employed. This could only be possible when government educational policies are geared towards a functional education that can lead to job creation and also self reliance. This paper examines how the entrepreneurship education could serve as Panacea for Self-reliance and Job Creation to Nigeria Institutional graduates. The paper recommends that funding of entrepreneurship education should be taken seriously by the Government. This can be achieved through increase in the budgetary allocation to educational institutions.

Objective: The purpose of the study to assess the relationship between oral health and the general health of individuals especially tooth loss and the systemic illness. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study of 804 digital orthopantomograms (OPGS) taken of patients, age ranging between 20 and 70 years, who presented to treatment at the Regional Dental Center, AL-Qassim, Saudi Arabia between 2018 and 2019. The OPGS and dental records were reviewed for missing teeth among patients with systemic illness. Results: We found a high prevalence of tooth loss in hypertension (10.63), DM (9.62), hypothyroidism (6.79) and Asthma (6.35). Conclusion: This study reported a high prevalence of tooth loss among the patients with systemic illness rather than the patients with no systemic illness. The presence of more than one illness and older age patients showed a high prevalence of tooth loss. These findings clarify the importance of the effect of the systemic health on the oral health.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain the most common infections that affect all age groups worldwide. This study was aimed at determining the multidrug resistance (MDR) and plasmid profile of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli among patients attending Urology Clinic of Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital (DASH) Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. A total of two hundred and two (202) urine samples were collected in sterile containers and analyzed using standard microbiological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates was carried out using standard laboratory guidelines. Of the 202 samples analysed, 104 (51.4%) had significant bacteriuria. Staphylococcus aureus showed high resistance to Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, and Norfloxacin while E. coli was highly resistant to Rifampicin, Ampicilin, Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin. A total of 19 (18.27%) isolates were resistant to more than two different classes of antibiotics i.e. MDR. Out of the 19 MDR isolates, 11.29% were S. aureus while 19.35% were E. coli. These isolates were carrying plasmid for MDR ranging from 2500 base pair (bp) to 6000bp for S. aureus while 11,849bp for E. coli. Plasmids were therefore implicated to be responsible for drug resistance in most of the UTIs. Therefore, proper hygiene by individuals and public awareness policies by government agencies should be encouraged; and antibiotics for the treatment of UTIs should be based on these current antibiogram results.

Diabetes mellitus prevalence has been growing up rapidly. Consequently, physical, psychological, and socioeconomic burdens were increased due to the treatment and diabetes-related complications. Complications are favorable among poorly controlled diabetic patients. To prevent or delay the complications, then, diabetes self-management is an appropriate way to cope these problems. Presently, patient empowerment in diabetes education and self-management is an effective way to increase the adherence to the diabetes treatment. Education means disclose information about their conditions and management-related DM. Diabetes patients have right to receive information regarding their conditions and treatment needed. This right is related to their autonomy to choose and decide their own treatment. Then, it is not fair if we blame them as not adhering when they did not receive any important information regarding their treatment clearly. This study aimed to describe the ethical issue in diabetes self-management engagement.

Road Safety Audit (RSA) is a formal procedure for assessing accident potential and safety performance of new and existing roads. RSA is an efficient, cost effective and proactive approach to improve road safety. It is proved that RSA has the potential to save lives. RSA appears to be an ideal tool for improving road safety in India, as basic and accurate data on accidents have yet to be collected. The study aims to evaluate Road Safety Audit of a section of four - lane Madurai - Chennai, National Highway (NH) - 45 and will focus on evaluating the benefits of the proposed actions that have emanated from deficiencies identified through the audit process. After conducting RSA, it is found that trucks are parked on highway which reduces the effective width of carriageway and creating traffic hazards to high speed moving traffics. Unauthorized median openings were found which should be immediately closed. Missing road and median markings to be done and speed signs should match with speed. Access and service lanes are also in deficit which requires immediate improvement. The most Vulnerable Road User (VRU) i.e. pedestrians and cyclists facilities near habitations are lacking and needs to be facilitated on priority.

This study is an evaluation of the relationship between organizational justice and job satisfaction among employees of five selected manufacturing firms in south east, Nigeria. The population for the study was five thousand, and eleven employees (5,011). The study sample size was eight hundred and ninety-five (895) respondents. Questionnaire which was validated by experts was the instrument used for data collection. Some of the major findings is that there is a positive relationship between promotion and employee commitment in the five selected manufacturing firms in South-East, Nigeria (r =.875; p = .000>0.05, n=895); there is a positive relationship between regular payment of salary and employees Productivity in the five selected manufacturing firms in South-East, Nigeria (r =.745; p = .000>0.05, n=895). The study concluded that there is a positive relationship between promotion and employee commitment, regular payment of salary and employee productivity in selected bakeries in South-East, Nigeria. Given the nature of the industry work environment, ensuring justice or fairness in bakery industries may be an incentive system. Consequent upon the findings, some recommendations were made; Job promotion is an important element that influences employee commitment. It is recommended that manufacturing organizations should emphasize more on job promotion to enhance higher employee commitment that will engender high productivity. It is also recommended that the salary and remuneration packages of the industry should be competitive with other sectors which makes them recruit and source qualified and skilled employees.

The aim of this research is to provide a model for optimising the sectoral portfolio selection by using game theory during a general elections phase. We select stocks from Bursa Malaysia and calculate the payoff for each stock and its coalition sectors by averaging returns. The value of the game is at the same time the characteristic function of a multiple-player game which will be applied to obtain the Shapley value using the cooperative game theory approach for finding the optimal increment of the returns. We also compare the Shapley value percentages obtained for both periods of the 13th Malaysia General Election (GE13) and 14th Malaysia General Election (GE14) to indicate the impact of GE14 on investment. This research will lead to optimal portfolio selection before and after an election.

The bond strength of composite to enamel depends upon the depth the degree of demineralization, the number and length of resin tags and their surface area. Although both dentin and enamel are different in many aspects both equally contribute to the success of composite restoration. This article highlights the differences in bonding mechanism to enamel and dentin and their significance.

Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common disorder characterized by downward displacement of pelvic organs through vaginal wall. Women of advance age, multiparous, with history of previous gynaecological surgeries are at risk of developing POP. Various clinical features associated with POP are something coming of vagina, altered bladder habits or defecation problems. These features affects the quality of life of a women, thus timely management of POP is essential. It can be managed conservatively or surgically. Surgical approaches are hysterectomy, sacrohysteropexy, sacrocolpopexy and pectopexy. Sacrohysteropexy/ sacrocolpopexy are considered as the gold standard procedure of management of POP. However, recently, another procedure i.e. laparoscopic pectopexy is described as a new alternative procedure, which is equally effective and associated with lesser complications. Thus, authors hereby review the literature to compare laparoscopic pectopexy over Sacrohysteropexy/ sacrocolpopexy.

Functional training is a classification of exercise which involves training the body for the activities performed in daily life. Yoga is an ancient Indian way of life, which includes changes in mental attitude, diet, and the practice of specific techniques such as yoga asanas (postures), breathing practices (pranayamas), and meditation to attain the highest level of consciousness. This study was conducted with the purpose to find out the combined effect of functional fitness training with yogic practices on selected physical and physiological variables of homemakers. Parallel group experimental design was formulated for this study. The selected 40 homemakers were randomly divided into two equal groups 20 on each group. (Experimental & Control group). The package of combined functional fitness training with yogic practices was incorporated to the experimental group, for 12 weeks, weekly three days, one hour in the evening session. The pre and post tests were conducted on the selected physical (flexibility, CVE) and Physiological variables (Pulse rate, BP & lung capacity) on the subjects of both the groups administering standardized tests of sit and reach, 9 minutes run and walk test, manual, monitary and wet spirometry. The collected data was analyzed by using the following statistical tests. The pre-test and post test scores were subjected to statistical analysis using paired ‘t’ test and in all cases 0.05 level of significance was fixed to test hypothesis. Functional fitness training associated with yogic practices showed a significant contribution to improve the Flexibility, Cardio Vascular Endurance, lung capacity and maintain Blood pressure and Pulse rate.

Chinese films and TV attract global audience in recent years, as is the case of Empresses in the Palace, the subtitle translation of which plays an important role. This paper attempts to make a case study of the TV drama Empresses in the Palace from the perspective of Eco-translatology. By exploring how the three-dimensional transformations are applied in its subtitle translation based on the statistical results, the paper aims to bring more enlightenment to China's film industry by discussing the practical translation methods and techniques. It can be concluded that translators need adapt to the translational environment and make adaptive selections for different dimensions of the subtitle translation.

The presence of the sports can historically contribute international understanding and cooperation. Olympic and Paralympic Games in Tokyo will be scheduled, and “Exercise is Medicine” has been known widely by American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). Authors et al. have continued clinical practice and research on pole exercise for years. The methods include various movements in frontal, horizontal and sagittal planes. The pole consists of aluminum with 60-160 cm in length. Moriyasu pole training would be clinically effective, which can simultaneously increase the flexibility of thorax, vertebrae and pelvis, and the functioning ability of joint movement and posture control.

Building strong resistance against the Covid-19 is now the major challenge around the world. Since there is no reliable remedy, many strategies have been adopted so far to get rid of it. It is already prevalent in a number of countries, but in most cases it has been made possible by lockdowns and adherence to unlimited hygiene as relaxation of these intitiatives causes re-infection. While the whole world is worried about Covid-19, Bangladesh, a South Asian country, is plagued by various dangers, which is causing a lot of frustration among the people of this country. Dengue, floods and waterlogging, indifference to human health and shaky government management are rampant in this country. However, it is only a matter of time before a strong fight is waged against Covid-19, as the country looks to the world for a vaccine, which is deteriorating overall situation. In this article, some of the things to do in the world like Bangladesh and this country have been highlighted.