Background: For choosing a specialty subject for post graduate studies, students’ attitude is of great importance for the education system. Aim & Objectives: In order to evaluate the perception and attitude of dental students toward learning, contributing in the treatment, choosing endodontics as a specialty for post-graduate studies. Materials and Methods: The present article is about a semi structured questionnaire study survey in which 10 multiple-choice questions was compiled and distributed among 403 undergCase Reportraduate dental clinical students. The main domains appraised in the questionnaire were preclinical as well as clinical training in the endodontics, their interest and opinion in endodontics as a post-graduate specialty. The statistical analysis was done by one sample chi-square test in order to see the association of subject response toward the endodontics as a specialty response to each question. Results: Response rate was 74.5% and the results showed that 72% of students preferred the preclinical training on extracted human teeth while 71% of the students believed that the intense preclinical training will help them to manage the patients confidently. Conclusion: The prime conclusion of the present study revealed that the majority of students find endodontics as an interesting subject to study and also they would opt for endodontics for post graduation.

The purpose of this research is to obtain empirical evidence and examine the influence of organizational culture, transparency and weaknesses of the internal control system on the quality of financial reporting on Local Government Units in Capital Province of Jakarta. This research was conducted using quantitative survey methods with causality research design. The data used as research sourced from questionnaires. The population in this study is the Local Government Units in Capital Province of Jakarta. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Questionnaires were distributed to 36 local government units. Each Unit is given 2 (two) questionnaires for the financial department. Analysis and processing of data using the help of the statistical computer program SmartPLS v.3.2.8. The results obtained from the test show: (1) organizational culture significantly influence financial reporting quality, (2) transparency do not significantly influence financial reporting quality, (3) internal control system weakness significantly influence financial reporting quality.

Objective: Develop a valid and reliable scale to assess the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors related to eating foods associated with the periodontal disease among low-income women in Texas. Study Design: This is a cross-sectional study. Methods: The study was conducted with 150 low-income women ages 18-50 years, residing in Central Texas. A 21-item Dental Nutrition Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviors Scale was developed. Content validity was assessed by a panel of experts. Construct validity was determined via Exploratory Factor Analysis; internal consistency of the scale was measured by Cronbach’s alpha. Results: The internal consistency for the final scale was 0.802, and the test-retest reliability was 0.99. Factor analysis generated three factors: Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behaviors, with an explained variance of 42.38. Conclusions: These results confirmed the validity and reliability of the new dental scale. This instrument may aid in the assessment of attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors regarding eating foods associated with periodontal disease in low-income women.

The cable insulation and sheathing industry uses many different types of plastics depending on usage, application. Physical and electrical properties are one of the most important factors that compete and help to choose these materials when compared with other materials. These properties change with the change of the chemical components of the plastics mixture. The use of PVC material in the manufacture of cable wire coating has been used for decades. In this study, the effect of changing the proportions of the used components in the PVC mixture of the physical and electrical properties of cable wiring materials was investigated. Emphasis was placed on three properties: Tensile Strength and Loss of Mass and Insulation Resistance. In this study author discussed how to enhance these properties and improve them by working to raise the proportions of some of the substances in the PVC mixture while preserving other properties. The study aimed to prove the strong relationship between some components of PVC mixture used in cable insulation and sheathing industry and the physical and electrical properties of these products, and then focus on three components in the mixture and three properties. Random samples were taken and the mean percentages of the ingredients in the mixes were taken using various tools and several statistical methods such as correlation coefficient and regression analysis to prove the relationship between the ratios of some materials and the properties. After the analysis, the p-value was less than 0.05, which reinforces the relationship between the ratio and the properties. Finally, the physical and electrical properties of PVC blends can be improved by changing component ratios to reach the optimized mixture for specific use and application, taking into account other competitive issues such as the final price of the product, environmental impact, and others issues.

In India, cataract accounts for 80% of treatable blindness. Many factors such as ageing, altered blood electrolyte levels, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, nutrition and family history are involved in cataract genesis. Lens has a high content of potassium and low content of sodium. These two cations are in balance with each other due to Na+- K+-ATPase pump and lens capsular permeability. Normally to maintain lens membrane permeability, water electrolyte balance must be maintained intracellularly as well as extracellurly. Hence alteration in cation concentration of aqueous humors can be attributed to changes in the serum electrolytes, these ultimately affect lens metabolism leading to cataract formation. The composition of aqueous humour has been studied in various animals. Few human aqueous humour studies were conducted so far. An attempt is made here to establish a range for the electrolytes mentioned i.e. sodium, potassium, and chloride in the human aqueous humour in cataract patients and also compare it with serum electrolyte levels. It’s a case control study. Sample size includes 60. Aqueous humour and serum electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl-) were estimated by ion selective electrode method. Sodium and Chloride levels were higher in serum compared to aqueous humour. Further sodium levels were increased from Grade I to Grade IV cataract. Biochemical parameters such as serum electrolytes can be used as marker to determine the risk involved in progression of cataract. This serum electrolytes measurement should be done as a routine screening investigation as it might help in predicting early development of senile cataract.

Cognitive metaphor and cognitive metonymy not only have modifying functions, but also are related to thinking. Cognitive linguistics holds that metaphor and metonymy are important means for us to expand our thinking. We can automatically and unconsciously obtain these modes of thinking metaphor and metonymy, and use metaphor and metonymy for thinking. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, this paper explores two important ways of thinking: metonymy and metaphor, which are rooted in people’s basic experience and constitute our daily thinking and action. Communication is restricted by the principles of information, economy, cognitive salience and social needs. The speaker either uses the knowledge structure in the source domain to highlight the knowledge structure in the target domain, that is, he uses metaphor, or chooses the highlighted and easily perceived part to replace the whole or other parts of the whole; and uses the whole with Gestalt perception to represent the information to be conveyed, that is, he uses metonymy to communicate. Therefore, the meaning beyond the discourse comes into being.

Background: The waste produced in the course of healthcare activities carries a higher potential for infection and injury than any other type of waste. Inadequate and inappropriate knowledge of handling of healthcare waste may have serious health consequences and a significant impact on the environment as well. Objective: The objective was to assess knowledge, attitude, and practices of doctors, nurses, laboratory technicians, and sanitary staff regarding biomedical waste management. Setting: The study was conducted among hospitals (bed capacity >1000) of Allahabad city. Participants: Medical personnel included were, nurses (15) and sanitary staff (15) conclusion: The importance of training regarding biomedical waste management needs emphasis; lack of proper and complete knowledge about biomedical waste management impacts practices of appropriate waste disposal.

According to the studies, Saudi Arabia has acquired the 26th position in the Health care sector in the WHO ranking. Cancer is one of the leading health diseases in Saudi Arabia and other Arab countries. In Saudi Arabia, the Saudi Human Genome Project (SHGP) was initiated to understand the genetic distribution of Cancer cells. The aim of this study is to survey the opinion of people living in Saudi Arabia about Cancer. The opinion of the general adult population of Saudi Arabia about cancer is determined using a pre-designed, validated questionnaire. About 18.1 million cases of cancer were registered globally and 9.6 million death rates due to cancer were reported in the year 2018.The total mean score of this study was that 75% of the population residing in Saudi Arabia knows what Cancer is. To increase the knowledge of the people about signs and symptoms of Cancer and the cause of the Cancer and the preventions that can be taken at many cancer control activities need to be performed in Saudi Arabia. After carrying out the survey, we would like to increase other people's knowledge about Cancer and then motivate them to participate in cancer preventive activities.

Lung cancers are broadly classified as small-cell carcinomas and non-small-cell carcinomas. Non-small-cell lung cancer is more common and it accounts for up to 75% of lung cancers. Determination of the development of cancer to lungs is solely dependent on mutation of cells leading to the expression of tumor specific proteins. Hence a clear understanding of the vital structural design and physiology of the lungs assists in determination of the stages of this disease. The anatomical architecture of the lungs and their organization with adjacent organs throws light on the site of origin of malignancy, its spreading pattern and clinical presentation etc. This article has summarized the types of lung cancer, pathophysiology along with the microenvironment. The article includes the discussion on the treatment interventions such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, the promising potential of immunotherapies and target-oriented therapies in NSCLC. Even though, the lung cancer is escapable however, it is usually diagnosed at an incurable stage.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Party, the Central Committee has issued a series of major decision-making arrangements for comprehensively revitalizing the Northeast region and other old industrial bases, thus promoting the northeast rejuvenation to develop in-depth. High-quality development in the Northeast cannot be separated from talent. The spirit of Beidahuang is the precious spiritual wealth formed in the historical process of large-scale development and construction in Northeast China. Under the background of northeast revitalization, Inheriting and carrying forward the spirit of Beidahuang has important value and function to strengthen the work of talent training.

Cross-border shopping represents an important concept for online cross-border e-commerce in 2020. We took place in mainland China with the covid-19 in 2019, which led to a large number of consumers buying masks globally. Many consumers will go to other countries to buy medical products such as masks and alcohol through online cross-border means. Consumers' purchase cognition, impulse purchase and illness information all lead to consumers' purchase intention and satisfaction. The public medical event caused consumers to buy masks, alcohol and other medical products in large quantities to prevent the epidemic. The results of this study show that consumers' expected purchase of goods, mainly due to the shortage of masks, indirectly leads to consumers' expected purchase of goods on online foreign e-commerce platforms. We found that consumers' expectations and perceptions lead to impulsive online purchases and ultimately to an understanding of consumer satisfaction.

Tooth impaction occurs when a tooth is prevented from erupting into the oral cavity which is their functional position within an expected time. The mandibular third molars are the most frequently impacted tooth in the oral cavity. Some studies have reported a higher frequency in females than males. A search through the literature shows that no study has been done to ascertain the socioeconomic status of patients presenting with third molar impaction in Nigeria. This study is therefore aimed at determining the pattern of presentation and socioeconomic distribution of patients presenting at the Lagos state University Teaching Hospital for extraction of impacted third molar. 337 patients with impacted third molar who had indication for extraction and had met the inclusion criteria were included in the study after obtaining a signed consent. The positions of impacted third molar teeth on the panoramic radiographs were documented. Associated disorders and every other indication for surgical extraction was documented. Patients were stratified into three socioeconomic classes using the modified version of questionnaire by chukwuonye et al and Balogun et al. Data were analyzed using a Pearson chi-square test, performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 20; SPSS, Inc, Chicago, IL). A total of 337 patients met the inclusion criteria within the two year study period. The sample consisted of 129(40.9%) male and 208(59.1%) female. The difference between male and female was statistically significant (P= 0.04). Most third molar extraction that was recorded in the third decade of life where 172 (51.0%) cases were recorded. The most prevalent type of impaction recorded was the mesio-angular position (49.9%). The most common pathology associated with impacted third molars was pericoronitis which was recorded in 135cases out of total of 337 patients. Majority of the patients who had third molar extraction belong to the middle socioeconomic class (42.7%) followed by patients in high socio-economic class (40.9%).Third molar impaction was commoner in females than males with mesio- angular impaction being the most common type. It was most commonly found in the third decade of life and pericoronitis was the most common associated pathology. Majority of the studied subjects belong to the middle socioeconomic class.

Study of dividend policy and stock prices in the capital market has attracted considerable interest in corporate finance literature. Theoretical postulates and empirical evidence from country specific and cross-country studies are divided across lines, as some support the existence of a positive significant implication while others submit entirely negative and non-significant implication on the studied topic. Thus, this paper examines Nigerian context of dividend policy impact on market value of quoted commercial banks with study range of 2004-2018. The study is hinged on the theoretical postulates of dividend relevance theory and Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH). The study employed model stability test and Error Correction Model (ECM) after determining the stationarity status of the time series data employed in the study, using ADF test, while Johansen Co-integration test was used to predict the existence of two long-run co-integrating relationships among variables. The empirical result reveals a significant dividend policy impact on market value of quoted commercial banks in Nigeria. The study therefore, recommends that Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the established Financial Regulatory council (FRC) to step up regulatory oversight functions to ensure transparency, business ethics and good corporate governance in the banking industry particularly quoted commercial banks in Nigeria, as this will help curtail the anxiety of investors and relatively reduce the practices of declaration of huge paper profits, insider trading, manipulation of stock prices and other nefarious acts.

We report a case of assessment of haemodynamics of myocardial bridging (MB) of the right coronary artery using myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). Although most patients with MB are asymptomatic, some may present with ischemia and related complications, including myocardial stunning, infarction, arrhythmia, AV block, transient LV dysfunction and sudden death and hence it becomes necessary to evaluate the hemodynamics of these patients with MB whether symptomatic or not using MPI which is effective and noninvasive. The index case was a 61 year old man found to have myocardial bridging of the right coronary artery. He had no preceding symptom of ischaemia. Myocardial perfusion imaging however established the presence of inferior wall ischaemia in the absence of any coronary artery lumen narrowing.

Background: Reports suggest that HIV-infected patients have elevated D-dimer levels that may be related to chronic inflammation and coagulation abnormalities. Levels of D-dimer have also been reported to be higher in HIV treatment-naïve patients compared to treatment- experienced patients. Methods: Eighty (80) subjects attending HIV clinic at the University of Port-Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers state who satisfied the inclusion criteria were enrolled into the study. A commercial assay kit; ELISA Kit for D-Dimer (D2D) (manufactured by Uscn Life Science IncorporatedR USA) was used with a TC96+ ELISA microplate reader (manufactured by Ceco diagnosticR USA) to determine the D-dimer level. CD4 + T-cell count was evaluated using the Partec Cyflow counter-1, a single-platform, three-parameter (SSC plus two-colour fluorescence) desktop volumetric flow cytometer (manufactured by Sysmex PartecR Germany).Full blood count was carried out on the EDTA anticoagulated sample using the Horiba Abx Micros 60 Haematology Analyser (manufactured by Horiba instruments incorporatedR USA). Results: The D-dimer level was found to be lower in HAART- experienced subjects (288.35 ± 129.12 ng/ml) than HAART-naïve subjects (389.85 ± 217.61ng/ml.) (P= 0.013).There was no increase in haematocrit, while the mean WBC count showed increase in the HAART-experienced compared to HAART-naïve subjects. Platelet counts were also increased in the HAART-experienced subjects in comparison to HAART-naïve subjects. Conclusion: This study suggests that D-dimer levels are higher in HIV treatment-naïve patients compared to treatment- experienced patients.