Photophysical techniques were employed as a tool to determine the binding interaction of an Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT) based dye 4- Dicyanomethylene-2,6-dimethyl-4H-pyran (DDP) with Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) in water. Addition of BSA to DDP dye results no significant change in the ICT absorption maximum but a well-marked enhancement in the fluorescence quantum yield of the dye. The enhancement on the addition of BSA shows that the excited state characteristics of dye are influenced by the protein that comprises several hydrophilic and hydrophobic amino acid moieties. Fluorescence lifetime decay characteristics of DDP dye with BSA exhibits a tri-exponential decay with a large variation in the fluorescence lifetime and relative amplitude distribution. The dye is situated predominantly in the hydrophobic interior rather in the aqueous phase is established from time resolved fluorescence lifetime studies. The coexistence of three different fluorescence lifetime components of dye in the presence of BSA signifies the existence of dye in a heterogeneous micro environment with varying proportion. The existence of multi environment is authenticated by electrochemical impedance spectral studies (EIS). BSA markedly influences the redox potential properties of dye which reveals that the presence of charged species (zwitter ionic structure of amino acids), polar and non-polar moieties governs the electrochemical nature of DDP dye.

Teaching of health sciences courses is one of the most significant steps to develop the higher education sector. Integrated versus traditional teaching has been the area of discussion in many publications. In this paper, the authors will try to assess the influence of integrated teaching strategies on student outcomes in a clinical nutrition course in undergraduate level at Nutrition Department Faculty of Public Health; University of Benghazi. The exams results assessment showed that, exam scores for the blended teaching approach were statistically significantly higher than for the traditional teaching approach for both mid-year assessments and final exams.

Introduction: Although maternal mortality remains a public health issue, maternal death in actual number is less in community. As maternal death in itself is not sufficient to assess the level of health care concept of Near miss is introduced by WHO, though yet not widely adapted in reviews across our nation and being overcome by wide variety of high risk pregnancies. Objective: To determine frequency and nature of near miss events among pregnant women. 2. To compare nature of near miss pregnancies with high risk pregnancies. Methodology: A Case Control study of cases of near miss and high risk pregnancies which occurred over one year duration between 1st July 2018 to 30th June 2019 at Atal Bihari Vajpayee Govt. Medical College, Vidisha (M.P.). Near Miss definition was based on validated disease specific criteria comprising of diagnostic categories: haemorrhage, hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, anemia, sepsis, hepatic encephalopathy and other indirect causes. Near miss cases were determined for various disease processes and compared with high risk cases to assess the need for change in approaching these pregnancies. Result: There were 5993 deliveries and 7 maternal deaths. Significant difference was observed in characteristics of near miss and high risk pregnancies. Conclusion: Our review shows that beside the women who died due to pregnancy related complication, there were many additional women who received critical care during the same period and survived. Hospitals in India could benefit by including near miss investigations in their approach to all high risk pregnancies.

COVID-19 is a universal disaster that affects the global health, economy, and restricts population movements. In this study we introduce MNa theory to treat this viral crisis using triple therapy composed from combination of that minocycline, N-acetylcysteine and Aspirin. As we haven’t facilities and no confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Sudan up to date, so we send my suggestions to save my brothers and sisters in humanity worldwide, and I hope that god bless my suggestions and gain fruitful results through animal experimentation of triple combination therapy.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is affecting 213 countries and territories around the world. The disease causes respiratory illness (like the flu) with symptoms such as a cough, fever, and in more severe cases, difficulty breathing, cardiac problems were also observed in many COVID-19 patients.We theorize that COVID-19 induce mutation in chromosome 4 lead to 4p15.1-pter Duplication and a 4q35.1-qter Deletion , and the neurological and cardiac disorders observed among infected persons resulted from retrotransposition mechanism of gene duplication occur in the specified region of chromosome 4 mentioned above. Genetic studies to chromosome 4 of COVID -19 patients recommended to confirm MOA duplication and deletion theory (4p15.1-pter Duplication and a 4q35.1-qter Deletion).

We evaluated the prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by clinical examination and nerve conduction study (NCS), and to correlate them with risk factors. 58 T2DM patients attending OPD in the department neurology of Jubilee mission medical college hospital, Thrissur were evaluated. Grading of signs and symptoms were assessed by Neuropathy symptoms score (NSS) and Neuropathy disability score (NDS) followed by nerve conduction studies. Diabetic status was evaluated by HbA1c levels and patients were categorized Group I -HbA1c<5 (No diabetes), Group II- HbA1c= 5-7(Long standing controlled diabetes), Group III HbA1c >7 (Uncontrolled diabetes). 58 T2DM patients of which 42(72%) were males and 16(28%) were females and their mean age were 52.1±8.8 and 48.6±5.3 respectively. Clinical findings showed abnormal deep tendon reflexes in male 37(88%) and female patients 11(66%). Deep sensory loss was highest among male 39(92%) and female patients 12(75%) respectively. Loss of pain and touch sensation male and female patients were found to be 24(57%), 9(56%) and 35(92%), 12(75%) respectively. Atrophy of the muscles in male and female patients were found to be 13(30%) and 4(25%) respectively. Electrophysiological assessment showed 34(58.6%) patients in the severe group and score was 8. However mild and moderate patients were 3(5.1%) and 21(36.2%) and there severity score was 5and 6 respectively.T2DM patients has high prevalence of diabetic neuropathy. Motor nerve conduction abnormalities were severe in males with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Motor mononeuropathy reflects more severe involvement and peroneal and ulnar neuropathy is well marked in these patients.

The aim of the present essay is to present a literature review on the contribution of morphological awareness to reading and spelling ability of typically developing children and children with dyslexia. Inflectional morphological awareness is acquired early on children’s oral language. During course of written language acquisition morphological awareness contributes to reading and spelling ability of normally developing children in combination to phonological awareness. Several issues such as course of acquisition of inflection and derivational morphology in oral and written language are well documented in English language and presented in this paper.

Diagnosis of salivary gland tumours (SGTs) pose a challenge even to the experienced pathologist and immunohistochemistry may be a useful adjunct. Aim of this study is to assess the degree of differential expression of α-SMA among salivary gland tumours, and to evaluate the possible diagnostic benefits. Sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissues blocks obtained from SGTs were stained using α-SMA monoclonal antibody. Immunoreactivity were scored based on Regezi method, with 0 indicating nonreactive, 1+ representing scattered spotty staining, 2+ indicating up to 25% of tumour cells positive, 3+ indicating between 25% to 50% tumour cells positive, and 4+ indicating more than 50%. Scores of 1+ and 2+ were regarded as low reactivity, 3+ was regarded as moderate reactivity, and 4+ was regarded as high reactivity. Data was analyzed and p-value <0.05 was regarded as significant. Out of the 42 cases of SGTs studied, 33 (78.6%) expressed α-SMA. The highest α-SMA score observed in adenoid cystic carcinoma, pleomorphic adenoma and basal cell adenoma was 4+, followed by peak score of 3+ observed in polymorphous adenocarcinoma, while 2+ was the highest score in mucoepidermoid carcinoma and epimyoepithelial carcinoma. Acinic cell carcinoma did not express α-SMA in all cases studied. There was significant differential expression of α-SMA between acinic cell carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma (p=0.009); mucoepidermoid carcinoma and pleomorphic adenoma (p=0.048); mucoepidermoid and adenoid cystic carcinoma (p=0.004). In conclusion, α-SMA may be useful in the exclusion of acinic cell carcinoma and in the differential diagnosis between pleomorphic adenoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

Multiple synchronous primary malignancies have been reported in colon carcinoma and studied for lynch syndrome or constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome, however we present first case of co-occurance of colorectal adenocarcinoma and wilms tumor with mismatch repair deficiency. A 17 year old girl presented with pain in abdomen. A computerized tomography of whole abdomen revealed a large left sided renal mass along with mass lesion seen in the rectum Histopathology from both the mass revealed presence of colorectal adenocarcinoma and wilms tumor in renal mass. Immunohistochemistry for microsatellite instability was performed which showed loss of expression for MSH2/MSH6 and absence of BRAF mutation with presence of KRAS mutation. Diagnosis of wilms tumor with colorectal adenocarcinoma was made and possibility of constitutional mismatch repair deficiency was considered. A multidisciplinary approach is required for diagnosing synchronous malignancies and apart from clinical, radiological and histopathological studies, microsatellite instability testing in patients with colorectal carcinoma should also be considered to rule out Lynch syndrome or Constitutional Mismatch Repair Deficiency Syndrome. This report describes for the first time the coexistence of a colon carcinoma with Wilms tumor.

Agriculture is the backbone of the economic system declining its production due to overpopulation and urbanization, so there is a need of precision agriculture. Precision agriculture requires sensor integration, automatic control, and networking and data processing capabilities. With the implementation of rapidly growing IoT, challenges of based site-specific farming practice with the aim of maximizing the crop production along with the efficient usage of resources involved in farming process. It provides real time assessment of various crop and environment parameters by précising the observed farming land as well as the amount of required water, fertilizer and other input needs. This method enables our farmers to achieve efficiency with proper amount in the required time and therefore ensures growth of non-toxic safe and healthy crop. LPWAN is a wireless network technology, which can be inculcated in the agriculture farms for precision purpose. In this study Lora based technology is used to monitor the agriculture parameters i.e; temperature, humidity and soil moisture to realize timely monitoring of the crop growth parameters, which solves the problem of manually collecting the data and overcomes the problem of long distance communication and anti-interference of the intelligent systems. The hardware installation of reducing the sensor implementation is also represented in the study.

The objective of this paper is to defend the non-reductive thesis of phenomenal consciousness. This paper will give an overview of the arguments for the non-reductive explanation of phenomenal consciousness and justify why the reductionist approach is implausible in the context of explaining phenomenal subjective experience. The debate between reductionist and non-reductionist on the project of Demystifying and Mystifying phenomenal consciousness is driven by two fundamental assumptions-1) Reductive-Naturalistic Objectivism, 2) Phenomenal Realism. There are several arguments for the irreducibility of phenomenal consciousness; this paper will focus on the inverted spectrum argument, knowledge argument, and the conceivability argument.

The model of public infrastructure provision in the domains of health, education and roads in the Wum Municipality is typical of Cameroonian society. It proves incommensurate with the growing knowledge endowment, technological advances and challenges in these domains. In this article, the authors examine the socio-economic challenges and impacts of the public infrastructure provision model. To achieve this objective, data were collected through direct observation, interviews and focus group discussions and complemented by documentary explorations, where related works in public institutions and online publications were consulted. A GPS Garmin model device was used to locate realised infrastructure and on-going projects. Photographs were taken using a smart phone, (Sony type) to enable the materialization of the observed phenomena. Google scholar was the principal research engine through which documents were obtained from the internet. The findings revealed a mixed scenario, precarious on one hand and promising in the other based on the indicators of progress and retrogression concomitantly observed. Using this model, results show that the provision of social facilities like schools, health centres benefited the population in terms of accessibility improvement. The same results revealed that this centralized state-led model of provision of livelihood facilities has created a societal problem – unsustainability of public infrastructure. This is noticed from the rapid degradation of recently executed projects. The phenomenon has further helped to accentuate poverty in the municipality. The paper concludes that project owners and contractors should put in place an efficient and autonomous control system to check the quality of material and technicians used in the process of public infrastructure provision.

Cobalt chloride solutions exhibit different colours in different solvents thus displaying solvatochromic behaviour. This study reports spectrophotometric investigation of solvatochromic behavior of cobalt chloride solutions in different polar protic and aprotic solvents. The results are discussed in correlation with solvent properties such as dielectric constant, hydrogen bonding ability of solvent, ratio between hydrocarbon chain length and number of polar groups. Spectrophotometric analysis of solutions was carried out to understand interaction between solvent and cobalt salt as well as probable molecular structure of salt-solvent complex. The results showed that most of the polar protic solvents displayed pink color and polar aprotic ones showed blue colour. When the results with a series of alcoholic solvents were compared it was found that colour is not only a function of hydrogen bonding ability of solvent but also depends on hydrocarbon chain length.

The purpose of this study was to review the role of advertising in competitive advantage and brand popularity of business enterprises in general (Samsung Company in Tehran). To this end, 278 managers at Samsung Company dealerships in Tehran were considered as the statistical sample. To collect data, a 57-item researcher-made questionnaire was used who’s face and content validity criteria were approved by 30 experts. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed through a preliminary test given to 30 subjects and the obtained figure came to more than 0.7 for all the examined variables, which is an acceptable level. For data analysis, descriptive statistics method in SPSS software, version 24, and the inferential statistics method and the structural equation modeling in the LISREL software, version 8, were used. Findings of the structural equation modeling indicated that advertising had a direct and positive effect on both the competitive advantage and the brand popularity of Samsung Company, in a way that a one-unit increase in advertising raises the competitive advantage and brand popularity of Samsung Company by 0.60 and 0.51 units, respectively.

A lesion is an area of tissue that has been damaged through injury or disease. So a brain lesion is an area of injury or disease within the brain. While the definition sounds simple, understanding brain lesions can be complicated. That's because there are many types of brain lesions. They can range from small to large, from few to many, from relatively harmless to life-threatening. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used nowadays. Manual delineation of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) lesions in MR images by human experts is time-consuming, subjective and prone to inter-expert variability. Therefore, automatic segmentation is needed as an alternative to manual segmentation. In this paper, the 2D discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used to extract local information from analyzing MR images. Ensemble decision trees (EDT) and Ensemble support vector machines (ESVM) are used to segment MS lesions and automatically differentiate between blocks in regions of MS lesions and the blocks in non-MS. lesions. We evaluate our approach on real MRI data sets. We can detect MS lesions with accuracy more than 98 %. Technique evaluated using real MRI datasets. The results compared with ground truth. The main contribution of the proposed techniques described in this paper is the use of DWT with Ensemble Machine Learning and solving the problem of imbalanced classification data without changing or losing trained data.