Supernumerary teeth are any odontogenic structure that is found in the dental arch in excess number. They are classified based on quantity, location, morphology, and orientation. There is no internationally used numbering system for supernumerary teeth. In this article, the numbering system of the Oklahoma Health Care Authority will be used. 27-year-old medically fit Sudanese female presented to the emergency clinics in the College of Dentistry, King Saud University. After extraoral and intraoral examinations, two distomolars were discovered distal to #18 and #28. The prevalence of distomolars is rare. Most of the time they are an incidental finding. The etiology of supernumerary teeth remains unclear. The treatment options for supernumerary teeth vary greatly.

Post-tracheostomy brachiocephalic arterial injury (TABC) is a rare complication. We report the case of a 62-year-old patient ho required invasive ventilation through an orotracheal tube for asthma. He had suddenly showed a cataclysmic hemorrhage externalizing around the tracheal cannula with bright red blood. The exploration had revealed a breach of two centimeters at the level of the TABC. Ulceration of TABC after tracheostomy despite its rarity is a fatal complication that must be known by the resuscitators.

Dental neglect can be defined as attitude and behavior towards oral health which can have detrimental effects on individual’s oral health, e.g. negligence in maintaining at home dental care and dental visits for professional dental care. Oral health is a part of general health care system and negligence in oral hygiene can affect the quality of life too. The aim of the study was to assess dental negligence and oral hygiene status among undergraduates’ students. Study consisted of 20 questionnaire including names and year of study using dental neglect scale and were circulated among undergraduates’ students. Total 156 students responded to the questionnaire. Out of 156 student’s perception of 83.3% students has changed towards oral hygiene practices after entering into BDS program. Dental neglect is easier to use in practice and it shows that degree of dental neglect is found among dental undergraduate students and variation also exists among students of all four years.

People’s perception, awareness and knowledge about their occlusion and esthetics has great impact on their attitude towards orthodontic treatment. In order to assess and compare the knowledge and self-awareness of orthodontic problem and treatment need between dental student and local population a survey was conducted As Patient’s self-perception is of significant importance in successful orthodontic treatment planning. The participants included 110 adults including local population and dental students of Punjab and almost most of them were 20-30 years old. The participants’ opinion regarding self-awareness and orthodontic treatment need was recorded on a specifically designed questionnaire. 61.7% people were aware of their occlusion and most of them were dental studens.38.3% people are afraid of orthodontic treatment due to lack of knowledge and awareness. Dental students had awareness and good knowledge, thus positive attitude towards orthodontics. Local population had little or no knowledge about orthodontic treatment need and most lay people had negative attitude towards orthodontic treatment.

This case report highlights the efficacy of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange in managing the post envenomation TMA, because Post snake bite renal failure due to thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is often overlooked and not considered as a separate entity while managing the patient.

Most important medicinal plant is use as source of food in the world. It is necessary to understand the detection as well as chemical activities and other biochemical activities of potential compounds in medicinal plants. Medicinal plants are used as a source of the medicinal because it contains proteins as well as carbohydrates and important minerals needed for the body. Medicinal plants also possess the several chemical compounds due to which major diseases have been treated with special treatment of medicinal plants as compared to their plants. The presence of antioxidants that are found in rich amount in the external part of medicinal plants also leads to the various benefits. Medicinal plants contain a variety of compounds that are principally active and work against the free radicals. Out of potentially active compounds in the medicinal plants, antioxidants are the most important of all the compounds. The presence of the compounds in the inner as well as the outer portion of the medicinal plants makes it make antioxidants against the free radicals. These are the flavonoids that are showing the overall activities in the medicinal plants responsible for the blockages of the free radicals.

Objective: To determine the anti-asthmatic activity of Argemone mexicana ethanolic extract and its chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions. Methods: Present study was designed to evaluate the anti-asthmatic activity of Argemone mexicana stems using various experimental in vivo and in vitro animal models. Ethanolic extract of Argemone mexicana and its chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions were evaluated for its anti-asthmatic activity by in vitro models (isolated guinea pig ileum preparation and isolated guinea pig tracheal chain preparation) in vivo models (Histamine and acetylcholine induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs and milk induced eosinophilia in mice models). Results: Ethanolic extract of Argemone mexicana significantly antagonized the effect of histamine induced contraction on isolated guinea pig ileum preparation. Ethanolic extract of Argemone mexicana, and its ethyl acetate fraction at the concentration of 10mg significantly inhibited the contraction of isolated guinea pig ileum and trachea chain preparation produced by histamine. Ethanolic extracts of Argemone mexicana at dose of 150, 250, and 350mg/kg body weight significantly extended the latent period of convulsion as compared to standard (Ketotifen fumarate) upon histamine and acetylcholine exposure in a dose dependent manner. Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Argemone mexicana stems have shown significant anti-asthmatic activity.

Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a most common cause of death in developed as well as developing countries. Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CAD. Aim and Objective: To identify the hsCRP levels in established CAD patients and its correlation with angiographic severity. Research Design and Methods: A cross sectional study conducted on 72 patients of established CAD aged between 35 and 55 years. The coronary angiographic severity was assessed by number of coronary vessels involved and Gensini scoring system. The serum hsCRP was estimated by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Results: The mean hsCRP level was 14.85 mg/dL. Among the total 72 study participants 33 had single vessel disease, 13 and 25 had double vessel and triple vessel involvement respectively. There was no significant correlation of hsCRP with angiographic finding (r=0.103, p=0.385). Conclusion: We found that hsCRP was highly elevated but not a predictor of angiographic severity among established CAD with presence of other cardiovascular risk factors.

This study of the composition of heavy metal, lead, iron, zinc and mercury in periwinkle tissues (Tympanotonosfiiscatus) were determined from different sampling stations in Mgbuoshimini Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results obtained from the analysis of salt water and fresh water periwinkle tissues indicated lead 18.62%, iron 70.08%, mercury 11.20% and zinc 53.34% and that of fresh water periwinkle includes 17.48%, 71.79%, mercury 10.71% and zinc 48.28% by percentage conversion. This comparative analysis implies that the fresh water periwinkle tissues have higher concentrations of iron and zinc which can be attributed to the dissolved mineral resources available in both salt and fresh water bodies. However, the concentrations of lead and mercury in these water bodies are above threshold limit which is quite a potential hazard for sea foods. In conclusion, comparison between the two water bodies showed that tissue samples from fresh water had higher concentration of metals in relation to salt water indicating potentials for accumulation, mainly due to differences in anthropogenic activities. Hg, Zn, Fe and Pb concentrations in tissue had values higher than the recommended limits in seafood by FAO/WHO however, regular monitoring is required to observe perturbations. In addition, sea foods obtained from the salt and fresh water bodies are potential sources of heavy metal poisoning, due to industrialization and non-regulatory use of the water bodies, thus, calls for adequate legislation and proper orientation on the use and protection of water bodies from heavy metalpoisoning.

Marine sponges are on focus for their ability to produce compounds with antimicrobial activity. The aim of the current study was to screen extracts derived from marine sponge Sigmadocia fibulata (Schmidt) and Suberites carnosus (Johnston) for their activity against selected bacterial fungal and pestecidal pathogens. The crude extract derived from Sigmadocia fibulata (Schmidt) and Suberites carnosus (Johnston) were found potent against tested E. coli and P. mirabilis bacteria. The crude extract of both the sponges showed pasticidal activities against Periplanata Americana and Sitopbilus oryzae. No activity was noted against fungus when tested with crude extract of Sigmadocia fibulata (Schmidt) and Suberites carnosus (Johnston). Thus confirms that the crude extract of Sigmadocia fibulata (Schmidt) and Suberites carnosus (Johnston) have antibacterial and anti pesticidal property.

Shark liver oil is one of the sources of cellular energy and provides repair and restoration of damaged cells, and supports in protection of the body from the emergence of tumorous conditions. The Shark liver oil was tested orally at the dose of 1gm/kg/oral body weight, on gastric ulceration experimentally induced by Ethanol. The parameters considered to assess the Mucoprotective activity were percentage of ulcer, ulcer index, percentage of inhibition, pH, free acidity and total acidity, GSH, LPO and ALP. Pre treatment with the Shark liver oil resulted in significant decrease of the ulcerated area and reduced pH, free acidity and total acidity.

Insertion or impaction of foreign objects into the tooth pulp chamber or canals by children are common findings, as they often have habit of inserting foreign objects in the oral cavity, but insertion of tooth pick is a rare finding. These foreign objects can become a potent source of infection. Retrieval of these objects from teeth is a challenging aspect of pediatric dentistry. Radiopaque foreign objects can be diagnosed in routine radiographs, which play important role in analysis of the size, location and type of foreign object, however this does not apply for radiolucent objects. The present paper describes a rare case of insertion of tooth pick into the deciduous mandibular molar tooth.

In human dentition, permanent tooth impaction is relatively common. But, the first permanent molars are rarely impacted with a reported prevalence of 0.02% for permanent maxillary first molar and fewer than 0.01% for the permanent mandibular first molars. The etiology for the failure of eruption can be variable. It is usually an symptomless pathology. Diagnosis in early stage and treatment of impacted permanent molars contributes to most favourable outcomes and good long-standing prognosis by lessening of complication. Here we are presenting a case reports of 2 cases of permanent first impacted molars.

Introduction: After the elimination of endodontic infection the teeth becomes fragile, brittle and can easily fracture when compared to the natural teeth. The removed teeth and the dental pulp need to be replaced after the endodontic therapy to prevent inconvenience to the patient in chewing, biting and speaking. Aim: The main aim of this study is to assess the knowledge and awareness of dental doctors of Jazan about the prosthetic restorations of endodontically treated teeth. Methodology: A pre-designed questionnaire was circulated online using Google form to measure the knowledge and awareness of the dental doctors about the prosthetic restorations of the endodontically treated teeth. The results of the survey of elucidating the awareness of dental doctors in Jazan was recorded. The result of this survey was analysed using the SPSS software. Results: The above data analysis of this survey to evaluate and access the knowledge and awareness of the dental doctors of Jazan, in Saudi Arabia showed good results. Most of the dental doctors participating in this survey from Jazan are highly experienced and have excellent comprehension about the prosthetic restorations after the endodontic treatment.

The study is an attempt to investigate the India’s bilateral trade profile and export potential of India with United Arab Emirates (UAE) over the period 2001-2018. In addition to exploring the bilateral trade with UAE, it also throws light on how India has performed globally during the same period. In order to analyze India’s export intensity, complementarity, diversification & specialization we resorted to trade indices and Finally, Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCA) is calculated to find out what are the lines of specialization that India has in its anvil. Index of competitiveness is calculated both at the global and bilateral level i.e. RCA with world and Bilateral Revealed Comparative Advantage (BRCA) with UAE. It is found that, though, India is second largest supplier to UAE in Merchandise trade, still a major proportion of export revenue is coming from very few lines. Precious stones and Jewellery items accounts for around 30% of exports earning. Our calculations reveal that there are 228 products in which India has bilateral revealed comparative advantage with UAE, while globally it has revealed comparative advantage in 558 products. Thus, there exists a gap of around 377 products, which India can tap for additional US $ 6.42 billion of UAE demand where India supplies only US $ 1.21 billion as of 2018.