Background: Hydroxychloroquine Sulphate, is an antimalarial drug used in treatment and prophylaxis of malaria, and other conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, and tried as a prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism. It is one of the important choices in COVID-19 management, as shown by about 80% improvement in pneumonia, and prevention of further disease progression to severe conditions upon following Hydroxychloroquine therapeutic regimen. Aim: The aim of this work was to develop an economical, precise, accurate and specific analytical method for quantitative estimation of Hydroxychloroquine sulphate in pharmaceutical product for the purpose of using it as a quality control tool for testing Hydroxychloroquine sulphate products pre-market and post-market distribution. Insuring the presence of labelled drug amount in the dosage from. Methods: Determination of HQC in commercial pharmaceutical formulations dispensed in hospitals and community pharmacies and administered by patients, by in house development of a validated, selective and sensitive High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) test method, where, the procedure used is in accordance with published literature data, pharmacopeia, and international guidelines. Results: The method is specific and selective, and showed linearity R2>0.999 within concentration range of 25-300 µg/mL, accuracy results within the range of 98% - 102%, precision CV% less than 2%. The assayed tablets mean recovery are 99.045%. Moreover, dissolution results are fulfilling the required limit of 70% percent dissolution within 60 minutes. Conclusion: The in-house developed analytical method is easy, and cost effective for use in quantification of HQC.

The study was conducted to analyze the effect of self-care intervention on perceived stress of health care providers of elderly with Dementia during the COVID19 pandemic. The objective is find out the outcome of the Self-care intervention on perceived stress of health care providers in long term care facilities. 50 Health care providers of elderly with Dementia are chosen based on purposive sampling. Male and female formal health care providers aged about 20-35yrs who can comprehend Kannada, Tamil, Malayalam and English with an experience of at least 1 month. On an average the perceived stress was higher in the participants prior to the intervention. The study has shown the inevitable benefits of self-care program in modifying aspects of training for the health care workers by identifying perceived stress in maintaining a greater personnel strength and their health promotion. It is concluded that Self-care program aids in subsiding the levels of perceived stress even in situations demanding high levels of occupational dedication in health care workers.

Early blight is the most common and devastating disease of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) caused by Alternaria solani (Ellis & Martin) Jones and Grout. In vitro experiments were conducted during 2017-2018 to search appropriate growth medium of A. solani, as well as suitable fungi toxicant through quick screening methods. Seven different growth medium were used to culture the fungus in laboratory. Mycelial growth was very fast in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) followed by Richards’s Agar (RA) medium. Intermediate growth habit was recorded in Sabouraud’s Agar (SA), Czapek’s Dox Agar (CDA) and Potato Carrot Extract Agar (PCEA). The growth was very slow in Oat Meal Agar (OMA) and Malt Extract Agar (MES) at 72 hours of incubation. On bioefficacy evaluation, Infield Ayur showed very negligible effect to restrict mycelial growth and conidia formation, whereas Indofil M-45 (mancozeb) was more efficacious followed by Indofil Z-78 (zineb), Merger (tricyclazole + mancozeb) and Ishaan (chlorothalonil). Selection of most suitable culture media is essential for efficient growth of the fungus and its detail study. Quick and simple method to select effective fungicides within 48-72 hours is very much helpful for developing suitable disease management strategy.

Chlorpyrifos exposure may lead to acute toxicity at higher dose persistent health effects follow acute poisoning or from long term exposure to low dose, and developmental effects appear in fetuses and children even at very small dose. The aims and objective of this review article is to study the toxicity and biochemical effects of chlorpyrifos on different body organs of Male Sprague Dawely Rats. The danger of using chlorpyrifos persists either it is used in high amount or in low amount so it must be used when it is needed most. The administration of chlorpyrifos to rats induced testicular and cardiac toxicities significant decrease in serum testosterone, FSH and LH levels as well as the significant increase in CK-MB, LDH and AST activities. In liver and kidney tissues, dimension of glutathione and the action of superoxide dismutase and catalase chemicals altogether diminished by chlorpyrifos. Chlorpyrifos and lead acetate prompted change in serum and lipid outlines and observe oxidative pressure. Biochemical investigation demonstrated that organizations of the chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin obviously cause liver harm. Also sertoli cells and decrease in number of sperm count as the main factor for chlorpyrifos. These changes more obvious in rats: treated with higher dose of chlorpyrifos. So it is concluded that chlorpyrifos leads to such changes in living organisms included the rats as well as in humans.

The purpose of this study was to investigate parents’ views regarding online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UAE context. A concurrent mixed method design was utilized to collect both quantitative and qualitative data from a sample of 122 parents who live in the UAE. Primary data was collected with a questionnaire which was developed by the researcher based on a literature review. Results indicated consistency between the quantitative and qualitative findings. Parents’ satisfaction of online learning in the UAE context was equally divided between being satisfied, not satisfied, and neither satisfied nor dissatisfied. Parents’ suggestions to improve online learning were revealed. The need for more interactive live sessions between teachers and students and more communication between the schools and parents were the parents’ most repeated suggestions for better online learning quality and experience. The findings of this study can be used by educational policymakers and stakeholders to enhance the online learning experience in the UAE context.

The COVID-19 epidemic has already exerted a wide effect on the global level and the rapid growth of infected cases resulted in an overwhelmed health care providing systems. Many countries that have already peaked and flattened the infection curve reached now the minimum infection rate and minimal or zero reporting of new cases. As a consequence, many countries are reducing their precautionary measures which might lead to the emerging of a second incidence wave of SARS-CoV-2. On the other hand, direct antiviral combination therapy as Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir showed sufficient efficacy in treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) with an acceptable safety profile showing a minimum side effect and well tolerated upon administration during the treatment time course as well. Besides, according to published studies and collected data, this combination recorded a minimal drug interactions with the other therapeutic agents used for the management of co-morbid conditions with COVID-19. Finally, the reported results of performed studies showed a superior time to clinical recovery from COVID-19 for Sofosbuvir / Daclatasvir regmin over that of Lopinavir/ritonavir, and thus, the proposal of involving Ledpasvir/Sofosbuvir combination as a better treatment option than other direct antiviral agents in the management of COVID-19 for the second wave.

Baduy tribe is a tribe that lives isolated from the outside world. They live simply blending with nature. Baduy community on structure was divided into two major groups, such as Baduy Dalam and Baduy Luar community. Baduy Dalam has an area of 1,975 hectares with population up to June 2009 was 1,083 people who spread over three villages, while Baduy Luar area covers 3,127 hectares with total population of 10,089 people, consisting of 55 villages. Administratively, the Baduy government is in Banten Province, Indonesia. According to Statistics Indonesia (BPS), tourist visits to Baduy have increased significantly, though they should be borne by strict customary rules that make some tourists uncomfortable. According to those phenomena occurs and the research results towards influencing variables, the authors were interested in carried out the research to find out if destination awareness, image and experience have impact on travel decision to tourist destinations Baduy. The method used was conclusive research design with causal research to examined those hypothesis and link This research were concluded that destination awareness and destination experience has a negative and significant impact on travel decisions while destination image has a positive and significant impact on travel decisions. The author hopes that further research could re-examine those variables studied but in different cultural tourism destinations or re-test the variables that influence travel decisions that have not been tested in this research.

Polymer modification of bitumen to decrease bitumen pavement susceptibility to high and low temperatures, allowing reduction in common failure mechanisms as rutting and cracking has been in existence since decade. The objectives was to study the mechanical and rheological properties of properties of extracted base bitumen from Agbabu and Loda and bitumen–polymer (polyethylene) blend from the two sources and helped to understand possible conversion of the non-degradable waste into useful product. 200grams of sheared waste polyethylene sachet were mixed in ratio 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50 to extracted bitumen sample from both Agbabu and loda using mechanical mixer Heidolph model RZR 2020. These were heated in a thermosetting oven at 3000C for two hours for good modification. The results obtained indicated that Agbabu bitumen had good yield (79.90±0.01) when compared with Loda (46.50±0.01) after extraction. Other physico-mechanical properties of sheared Polyethylene Modified Bitumen (SPMB) indicated that bitumen base from Agbabu is efficient and economical for road pavement. The results obtained from SPMB from Agbabu and Loda were; Penetration at 250C increased from ratio 10:90 to 40:60 in both samples (47.50±0.20 -57.35 ±0.10) and (46.20±0.20 -52.15 ±0.20) before retreating. Marshall Stability (kg) at 600C also increased with increase in sheared polyethylene modified bitumen from10% to 40% increase in both modifications and diminished in 50% increase. Generally the values obtained for the physico-mechanical properties increased with increase in modifiers from 10% to 40% modification in the two samples, but good performance was noted in Agbabu modification than Loda for sheared polyethylene bitumen. The rheological properties from different proportions of modification at temperature ranges from 450C to 650C indicated that SPMB at 40% modification is encouraged for better performance because these blends will exhibit greater stiffness at higher temperature and high flexibility at low temperatures.

Cytological examination of body fluids enables us to examine and differentiate between inflammatory, benign and malignant effusions. Cell block (CB) technique is method of cytological examination of serous fluids besides conventional smear (CS) technique. The aim of this study was to compare the role of cell block technique over the conventional smear technique in the cytological diagnosis of serous fluids. This was a prospective study done at our medical college and tertiary care hospital between 2017 to 2020. A total of 114 patients were included in the study that underwent paracentesis for effusion cytology. Equal quantities of pleural and peritoneal fluid received and prepared into CS and CB for examination. Cellularity, architecture patterns, morphological features and yield for malignancy were compared, using the two methods. 71 were pleural fluid and 43 were peritoneal fluids. CS and CB comparison for cellularity showed statistically significant (p<0.05) and comparison of malignant effusion done with McNemar’s test for CB showed that CS method was not superior to CB method in pleural, peritoneal and total body effusions. The stastistical analysis of malignant effusions (n=114) for cell block method for sensitivity was 100%, specificity 79.63%, positive predictive value 21.43% and negative predictive value 100%. The CB method provides high cellularity, better architectural patterns, morphological features and an additional yield of malignant cells than CS method. CB method is superior to CS method.

Pigmented skin lesions refer to lesions that are black, brown or blue in color. These lesions include both melanocytic and non-melanocytic lesions. A number of pigmented lesions are difficult to classify because of wide spectrum of histological appearances and raise the possibility of melanoma. With this study we intended to evaluate the spectrum of pigmented skin lesions and to correlate the clinical diagnosis with the histological diagnosis. In this retrospective study, 75 cases of pigmented skin lesions were reviewed on hematoxylin and eosin stained paraffin embedded tissue sections from June 2017- May 2020 in the Department of Pathology at a Tertiary Care Hospital and analyzed according to age, gender, site of occurrence and histological types. Out of the 75cases evaluated there were 23 melanocytic lesions and 52 non- melanocytic lesions. Overall, benign melanocytic nevi (13 cases) were commonest lesions followed by seborrheic keratosis (11 cases). The lesions presented from 1st -9th decade with slight female predominance. The most common site involved was head and neck. Clinicohistopathological correlation showed positive correlation in 55(73.3%) cases and negative correlation in 20 cases (26.6%). Pigmented skin lesions are common presenting problem, while majority are benign a small minority can be malignant. A histological interpretation by pathologist is essential to correctly diagnose these lesions in order not to miss a small percentage of malignant tumors and to differentiate melanocytic lesions from its nonmelanocytic mimickers.

Objective: To estimate the total antioxidant status (TAS), level of Glutathione (GSH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood plasma of bipolar disorder (BD) patients and to compare them with those in healthy controls. Materials and Methods: The levels were estimated in 154 bipolar disorder individuals and 154 age and sex matched controls without a family history of BD. All the patients included in the present study belonged to North Coastal Andhra Pradesh. Student t test was used for comparison. Results: Mean blood plasma levels of TAS and GSH were significantly lower (p=<0.05) while the level of MDA (p=0.06) was higher in cases compared to controls. Gender wise analysis revealed that TAS and GSH were significantly (p= 0.05) associated with BD in both the sexes. Conclusion: A significant decrease in the level of TAS and GSH and increase of MDA in BD cases suggest the probable role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of BD.

Rapid urbanization demands the expansion of infrastructures. The land is a prerequisite to expand those facilities and services; however, urban lands are underutilized, fragmented into smaller pieces, and higher in price. This makes land acquisition lengthy, costly, and ignites social and political issues. Since land acquisition for infra projects demand higher upfront project cost that increases project cost, so this research examines the effectiveness of the innovative method to supply urban land for housing and other infrastructure without land acquisition. This study illustrates the concept of land readjustment with the case study from Nepal, which is implemented in partnership with a private partner (landowners). The study also examines some challenges in project implementation and provides a recommendation for speedy implementation. The result shows that major beneficiaries are both landowners and the government. The value of land increases for landowners, and the government can value capture since the public goods such as roads, drainage, water supply, parks, and other facilities are provided through landowner’s contribution. The self-financing, innovation and cost-recovery characteristics of land readjustment make it an excellent example of public private partnership (PPP) at a smaller scale for sustainable urban development. The findings from this study are important for experiences sharing in the regional context, and the issues identified draws the attention of further researchers and policymakers.

A total of 223 pap tests done on women who attended the outpatient ward for follow-up visits after posthystrectomy for malignant and benign indications between the years 2015 to till date in Mamata Medical College, Khammam and Mamata academy of medical sciences, Bachupally Hyderabad. Each woman under investigation had a clinical history, gynecological examination and a sample collected from the vaginal vault by using cytobrush or Ayres’s spatula for preparing the Pap smear in the pathology department to study the vaginal vault cytology. A vaginal biopsy was also taken in possible cases for histopathology. Aims and objectives: Early detection of invasive and pre-invasive lesions in the vaginal vault in post hysterectomy patients by using Pap test as a Primary screening procedure. To determine the use and effectiveness of Pap smears in detecting Recurrent and primary malignant lesions on vaginal vault samples in post-hysterectomy patients.

NS1 antigen, known as Non Structural antigen is an important antigenic component of Dengue Virus. Dengue virus is transmitted by bite of Aedes aegyptii mosquito. Hemorrhagic manifestations and shock syndrome are most dreaded complications of Dengue IgM antibody is produced in acute phase and IgG in later phases of Dengue and may remain for very long periods.

The concept of land tenure in Indonesia is basically controlled by the state and then granted to its citizens as stipulated in the Main Agrarian Law (UUPA), but in Yogyakarta, there is a land which is specifically controlled by the sultan, thus there are two different concepts that conflict with one another which often creates legal problems related to the status of the land, these problems are then studied further by the author into research with the following problems and that is what are the weaknesses of the implementation of the current Sultanate land rights registration regulations in Yogyakarta and how is the reconstruction of the Sultanate land registration regulations based on justice values. This study uses a socio-legal research approach with data sources, namely primary data obtained in the field and relevant literature as secondary data. The data analysis used was a descriptive-analytical method. The result of the author's research shows that the weakness of land registration of the Sultanate Land in Yogyakarta is that its regulation has collided with several other regulations issued both at the central and regional levels. To overcome this, it is necessary to Reconstruct the land registration of the Sultanate for legal protection based on the value of justice is to strengthen the position of the Sultanate which is royal in nature with the government to protect the rights of local communities who control and occupy the land and buildings of the Sultanate in the Yogyakarta Special Region to increase economic growth and the welfare of the local community based on human values and justice, and legal reconstruction of Article 1 paragraph (4) of Law no. 13 of 2012 concerning the Privileges of Yogyakarta which in its implementation still respects and strengthens property rights owned by the Sultanate of the Special Region of Yogyakarta.