Introduction: Pregnancy is characterized by significant metabolic and hemodynamic changes that begin early in the gestational period. Major hemodynamic changes include an increase in the cardiac output during the first trimester, sodium and water retention leading to plasma volume expansion with a peak around week 30, and reductions in the systemic vascular resistance and systemic blood pressure. Material and Methods: This is prospective and observational study conducted at Department of Biochemistry in association of Department of General Medicine. In this study investigation was done to determine the contribution of different biochemical parameters of females suffering from preeclampsia and Eclampsia. Results: Serum iron level in case group 18.43 ± 8.49 μmol/L and control group 15.92 ± 8.23. Moreover, Serum Zinc level 8.4 ± 1.9 μmol/L and control group 9.3 ± 1.2 μmol/L. Furthermore, Serum Copper level 17.3 ± 5.3 μmol/L and control group 9.6 ± 1.9 μmol/L. Oxidative marker between Case and control group was statistically significantly difference. MDA in case group was 3.18 ± 0.43 nM/mL and Control 1.63 ± 0.32 nM/mL. Antioxidant marker between Case and control group was statistically significantly difference. In case group Glutathione peroxidase 9.53 ± 2.46 μmol/ml and control group 11.68 ± 3.63 μmol/ml. Conclusion: The results obtained support our initial hypothesis that common differences between all pregnant women and controls could be revealed, while preeclampsia and the other pregnancies would further differ indicating specific misbalance of the oxidative stress in preeclampsia.

Introduction: The association of breast cancer and pregnancy is a rare event. The aim of our study is to take stock of this association at the Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital (CHU SO) in Lome, Togo. Methodology: This is a descriptive retrospective study that took place at (CHU SO), Lome, Togo; from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018. Results: During our study the frequency of breast cancer and pregnancy was 2.1%. The mean age of the patients was 33.3 years. Multiparas represented 69.2% of cases. Breast cancer was found in the second trimester of pregnancy in 45.4%. The invasive ductal carcinoma was found 38.4%. Patients had received palliative treatment in 53.8% of cases. Fifty-three point eight percent (53.8%) of the patients were lost to follow-up. Conclusion: Breast cancer associated with pregnancy is difficult. The ideal would be a nationwide subsidy for this disease.

The third molars are the toughest, far-most and wide when compared to the other teeth and helps in grinding of food inside the oral cavity of the individual he most commonly impacted teeth in the human dentition is the third molars. Due to the impaction of the third molars, the oral and maxillofacial surgeons often extract the third molars by a surgical procedure. A planned surgical procedure is to be followed by the surgeons to minimize any complications related to the third molar extraction. The primary goal of this research was to review the literature related to complications after the third molar surgery. Data was extracted from the online databases like Medline and Pub Med Central, and tabulated using the pre-designed data extraction forms. Commonly the extractions are done by the general dentists using the forceps and elevator. In case of the tooth that is near a major nerve, with large or curved roots, in fusion with the jawbone or if it’s nearby a crown or fillings the Dento alveolar surgery is recommended. These complications can affect the quality of life of the patient. In present time the knowledge and awareness about oral health and its impact on the quality of life is understood and maintained. The patient should be made aware about all the possible complications before the surgery.

We report a case of evacuation of a chronic subdural hematoma complicated by the occurrence of an epidural hematoma; we discuss the mechanisms that lead to such complication. Eighty-year-old patient admitted in emergency that underwent surgery to evacuate a chronic subdural hematoma. After the evacuation, an epidural hematoma complication was noticed. Several mechanisms have been described by many authors to explain the occurrence of epidural hematomas. The rapid evacuation of a chronic subdural hematoma may be the cause or burr hole that is not performed in the parietal bone can it is mandatory to follow some measures to minimize the risk of developing an epidural hematoma that results in the evacuation of a chronic subdural hematoma.

Development of biodegradable metal implants is a complex problem because it combines engineering and medical requirements for a material. This paper discusses the development of magnesium powder using Metal Injection Moulding (MIM) techniques that can help in the design of biodegradable metallic implants. One of the most important factors in the process of biodegradable implants is to study the powder characterization, mixing behaviour and rheological properties of the powder/binder mixture, which should be monitored and controlled to address the medical concern of biocompatibility. Particle size analysis, scanning electron micrograph (SEM), thermogavimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) were performed in order to determine the characteristics of magnesium powder and binder components. The feedstock were prepared using powder loading of 0.61, 0.63, 0.65 and 0.67 with binder formulations of 50% PW-30% PP-10% SA-10%. The flow properties were measured using a capillary rheometer in the shear rate range expected to occur during metal injection molding.

In the developing countries, diabetes has become one of the most indicating public health challenges. It imposes a big economic impact on the society. The Bangladeshi people hardly understand the risk factors that causes diabetes. This study mainly aims to explore the potential risk factors behind this disease through some popular statistical analysis approaches. In this regard, a field survey was conducted on the diabetes patients in Dhaka city. The analysis involves binary logistic regression, negative binomial regression, and multinomial logistic regression model according to the nature of the data. The variables family history, height, weight, gender, age, food with high cholesterol, no exercise, taking alcohol/cigarettes, hypertension, and eye problem are found significant in this study. In addition, the count data related to the number of time(s) a patient checks blood glucose level is also analyzed and interpreted. From the overall findings, the study suggests to become extra careful of the disease who have already diabetes patient(s) in the family. Increased height and losing weight have good advantages to reduce the risk of diabetes. Avoiding high cholesterol food and cigarettes/alcohol is a wise decision in this regard. The lower risk of diabetes depends on regular exercising and controlling hypertension. The adults and the obese people are more serious of checking their blood glucose level. Educated persons are also careful of this matter. Since most of the risk factors for diabetes are preventable, efforts should be taken by the Government to better understand of these factors to the public.

‘Endodontics’ is the branch of dentistry that deals with the tissues around the pulp and roots of a tooth. The treatment of the soft pulp tissue inside the tooth are included in the Endodontic treatment commonly called as the root canal treatment. The exposure of the pulp caused due to caries or dental trauma may result in bacterial colonization in the pulp tissue resulting in Endodontic infection. The dental procedures like the endodontic treatment (root canal treatment), tooth extraction, root scaling, bilateral tonsillectomy and periodontal surgery may cause Bacteremia and is well documented in the literature. The Bacteremia can cause many fatal problems like Heart valve deformity, Endothelial cell damage to valve, Platelet aggregation on valve, Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE), Bacterial adherence to NBTE, Bacterial colonization of valve NBTE, Bacterial endocarditis. The main aim of this research was to review the literature related to the relationship between the systemic diseases and endodontics. The principal investigator of this research conducted a systemic comprehensive literature review independently using Web of Science, Scopus, Pubmed Central, Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane web databases. The 16 articles that followed all the required criteria were selected, studied and evaluated. In the current study, the literature related to the association of chronic systemic disease and endodontic diseases were studied. With this we can conclude that a probable co-relation occurs between the chronic systemic diseases and the endodontic diseases.

Background: Cardiac functioning and assessment in patients with established CAD can be done through performing Echocardiography and calculating the Ejection Fraction, which is an important and vital tool in clinical practice and related to prognosis. Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) can predict future clinical outcome and assist in risk stratification. Objective: The aim of this research was to evaluate the relationship between lower EF with clinical and biochemical markers, and to determine the predictors of left ventricular EF in patients with established CAD whose younger than 35 years’ age. Patients and Methods: This study was enrolled in Surgical Specialty Hospital- Cardiac Center / Erbil-Iraq among 100 consecutive patients (77 males and 23 females) between November 2016 to December 2017 of those whose age was ≤ 35 years old. Results: The mean age was 31.6 ± 2.91 years with an Age range of 24-35 years. 22.9% of those with Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction (AWMI) and 22.7% of those with Inferior Wall Myocardial Infarction (IWMI) had left ventricular Ejection fraction (LVEF) of less than 44% (P = 0.0001). 33.3% of Patients with STEMI on presentation, later had LVEF of ≤ 44% (P = 0.0001). Lower LVEF (≤44%) was observed more in male gender and smoker patients with established CAD (P <0.05). 29% of those with 10-fold S. Troponin level elevation on presentation, had LVEF ≤44% and 45.2% of them had LVEF of between 45%-54% (P =0.001). 37.5% of those with Very High LDL levels had EF ≤44% (P = 0.02). After performing Coronary Angiography, 68.8% of those with poor functioning of heart (LVEF ≤ 44%) had LAD lesion. (P < 0.05). Conclusion: We concluded that there was evidence of a strong relationship (Inversely Proportional) between Poor EF with high LDL and Markedly Elevated Serum Troponin of more than 10 folds, young Patients with AWMI and IWMI had Poor functioning of the heart. (LVEF of ≤44).

Oral lichen planus is a chronic autoimmune mucocutaneous disorder affecting skin and mucosa of various parts of the body which is of an unspecific cause purpose of this study is to assess the role of vitamin D, which is now considered to be a causative factor in the development of the disease. The assessment is done through analysing various studies that were done and proven the association of vitamin D and lichen planus. In this review study, articles were collected from google scholar, pubmed, scopus and science direct. Out of data screening, 13 articles were found to be eligible for including in our study. According to our study vitamin D is found to be a risk factor in oral lichen planus.

Performance assessment requires the demands of accountability, implementation of the control functions and development needs of local government organizations in the handling and prevention of floods in the region. The method used in this research is qualitative method. Data collection techniques are carried out using participatory observations, interviews and documentation studies. Data analysis is done with descriptive techniques through three flow of activities that are one unity, namely: data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results showed the performance assessment of the Gunung Mas District Disaster Management Agency on the prevention and preparedness of flood disasters from the aspect of understanding the auth and aspects of work accuracy tends to be many activities in the field of disaster prevention and preparedness carried out and aspects of innovation, work speed and cooperation are still minimal socialization of disaster-aware culture through simulation in the field and the lack of innovation in the field of disaster prevention and preparedness.

Background: In a society to improve medical facilities, one of the crucial parts is the availability of safe and good quality blood. The occurrence of adverse events during blood donation affects donor return. Aims and Objectives: To analyse the frequency and significance of adverse events during blood donation. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted for a period of one and a half years from 1st January 2018 to 30th June 2019 on 11,170 allogenic blood donors including both voluntary and replacement donors. The type and frequency of adverse events were recorded during blood donation. Results: 116 adverse events were recorded resulting in 1% adverse event rate, among which majority had vasovagal reaction 89 (76.7%), followed by hematoma formation 15 (12.9%), nerve injury 11 (9.5%) and rebleeding at the site of prick 1 (0.9%). Significant relation with female sex, younger age, low weight, donating in camps and first-time donors was noted. Conclusion: In existing scenario of shortage of blood in India, new and existing donors should be motivated to donate blood regularly by bringing down the events of adverse reactions during blood donation.

Catharanthus roseus is an important evergreen medicinal herb of Apocynacea family used mainly for treatment of cancer and diabetics. The plant was 1 m in height and commercially grown widely in India, Australia, Africa and Southern Europe. Alkaloids such as vincristine and vinblastine, flavonoids and phenolic are the main components of plant. The plant exhibits various biological properties such as antibacterial, anticancer, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, anti-hypertensive, antidiabetic and wound healing. In the present study we have tried to collect traditional uses, phytochemical constituents and pharmacological properties of plant. This study should be used to understand the health promoting properties of this multipurpose plant and it may also provide clues for discovery of new lead compound of pharmaceutical importance.

A decomposable measure of inequality simply refers as a measure such that the variability of total inequality can be divided into two parts: ‘within inequality’ and ‘between inequalities’. By considering plural view of inequality measures (both absolute and relative) for two widely talked-about families of inequality measurement (Gini family and SD-CV family) in the literature, we propose that, variance (as an absolute measure in SD-CV family) is the most suitable measure for perfect decomposition of inequality. On the other hand, squared coefficient of variation (as a relative measure in SD-CV family) is far better measure for such purpose than Gini index (as a relative measure in Gini family) though they cannot be perfectly decomposed. An empirical study of a backward district of West Bengal is considered in order to analyse the effects of ‘within’ and ‘between’ components on inequality decomposition. Since one of the key points of inequality analysis is represented by the overlapping units, the effect of overlapping component on inequality decomposition is also considered.

This work was carried out to investigate the seroprevalence of antibodies to Cytomegalovirus, Rubella virus and T. gondii among aborted women in the 9 consecutive months (July 2018 to March 2019) at El-Beida City. A total of 95 women was tested using ELISA method for presence of T. gondii, Rubella and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibodies (IgG and IgM) by commercial kit. Data from samples of serum found that, the sero-prevalence of T. gondii (IgG/ IgM) were the highest followed by Rubella (IgG/ IgM) and then CMV (IgG/ IgM). 67.74 % of total women was get two type of antibodies against two different parasites. 22.6% were sero-positive for IgG anti-T. gondii and anti-CMV, 18.3% sero-positive for IgG anti-T. gondii and anti-Rubella and 26.9% were sero- positive for IgG anti-CMV and anti-Rubella at same time.The highest prevalence was noted in age group 21-25 years followed with age groups 31-35 and 26-30. The rate of one miscarriage in abortive women was 50.6% higher than two and three miscarriages 29.9% and 11.5% respectively. Results were might give a better understanding about Rubella, T. gondii, and cytomegalovirus infections during pregnancy that cause the foetal loss.

Kikuchi-Fujimoto's disease or necrotizing histiocytic lymphadenitis is a rare benign disease, revealed by the presence of cervical lymphadenopathy in an inflammatory context. Reporting the case of a young patient whose diagnosis was only possible by the pathological study of the surgical specimen.