Globally, a mental disorder is identified as one main disorder that impends human existence consequently with an increasingly burdensome problem, causing victims many years lived with disability. Though the experience of mental disorder is universal, and the interpretation of the experience, notions of causation, treatment, and preferred source of care, varying from one culture to another. This study examines experiences of traditional medicine utilization among persons living with mental disorders within the community with the lens of phenomenological research design. It involved 13 participants and with the use of a structured interview guide as an instrument for data collection. Data were audio-recorded and thematically analyzed using the four phases of phenomenological explication. Thirteen participants comprised two patients recovering from mental illness, two herbalists, one faith healer, and eight family caregivers to patients. Participants were within the ages of 20-above 50years of age. Eight males and five females participated in the study. Most of the participants had an O-level certificate, were mostly farmers, were Christians, and spoke the local Ukawani language. Results from the study were under three main themes, firstly on the pattern of utilization which revealed that persons living with mental disorders in Obiaruko Community, Delta State reported the use of traditional medicine. Secondly on commonly used traditional medicine which includes herbs, prayers, and spiritual healing/cleanings, and thirdly, on factors influencing use which indicates that decision to use was based on the belief on the perceived effectiveness of traditional medicine. The main cause of mental disorders identified by participants was spiritual, evil spirit, and ancestral involvement. It is recommended that Federal and State Government guidelines and legislature be made for improved and applied utilization of traditional medicine and nurses should actively participate in improving mental health services particularly at a community level.

This article shows John Maxwell Coetzee’s shift from literary themes such as racism, discrimination and alienation to imaginative literature. The author tackles love, sex, parents-daughter issues, etc. In In the Heart of the Country (1999) [1], Coetzee presents Magda, an old South African woman who lives in her father’s isolated farms and who wants to “love and be loved”, to “need and be needed”, to cover and be covered. This old spinster yarns to be a human being before being a woman. Magda’s loneliness and madness are engendered by the death of her mother while she gives birth to an heir son to her husband. She also kills her father after having sexual intercourse with his female servant, Klein Anna.

Cornual pregnancy is uncommon among ectopic pregnancies. A diagnosis of cornual pregnancy remains challenging, and rupture of a cornual pregnancy causes catastrophic consequence due to massive bleeding. The purpose of this study is to determine the contribution of imaging in the early diagnosis and management of this rare entity, in order to avoid complications.

Renal neoplasms are one of the most common cancers contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. In patients undergoing nephrectomy for renal neoplasm, the structural integrity and function of contralateral kidney assumes extreme importance. Non-neoplastic renal tissue accompanying the tumour provides an opportunity to recognize non neoplastic pathological changes and to identify patients at risk for progressive renal disease after nephrectomy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the spectrum of non-neoplastic lesions in tumour nephrectomy specimens. We reviewed the hematoxylin and eosin stained slides of 100 tumour nephrectomy specimens with our emphasis on studying the non-neoplastic renal parenchyma. Our study revealed significant non-neoplastic lesions in 76 of the total 100 specimens evaluated with Diabetic Nephropathy being the most common (36%). Identification of renal non-neoplastic pathology may lead to initiation of medical intervention and can facilitate early preventive and treatment measures ensuring better quality of life for the patient.

Some formulations possess the ability to stimulate or suppress immune system thus may be important in controlling various disease condition or lead to undesirable prospect. Studies on immunomodulatory agent can leads to isolation of acceptable and reliable pharmacological agent with wider application. This study evaluate the immunostimulatory activity of Polyherbal Formulation (PHF) on Th1/Th2 cytokines secretion and cell mediated immune response in Wistar Rats. Twenty four (24) Wistar rats were randomly divided into six group and each group contains four rats. Group 1 received normal saline as normal control, Group 2 received Levamisole Hcl as positive control, Group 3 received Cyclophosphamide as negative control, while Group 4 - 6 received different concentration of aqueous extract of PHF. Blood was collected and processed to obtain a serum. The serum was used for Th1 (IL-2, IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-6,) cytokines analysis using ELISA techniques. Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin was used as antigen to induce Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. Footpad thickness was measured using digital vernier calliper. There was significant increase in serum concentration of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-6 across the treatment groups with increase in dose of PHF (p < 0.001). There was significant increase in DTH response across the treatment groups in dose-dependent manner (p< 0.001). The PHF has immunostimulatory activity on Th1/Th2 cells thus induce the secretion of the cytokines. It increase DTH response thus can be useful in immune response involving T lymphocytes. The formulation could be useful in managing immunosuppressed conditions due to its immunomodulatory potential.

Wheat, also known as Triticum Aestivum that is the predominant ingredient in the human diet. Weed indirectly affects the production of wheat, harboring the crop by challenging the crop for large pests, management of water intervention, reduction of grain input and efficiency, and rising processing costs. The faster growth in a thick, enclosed canopy is facilitated by a canopy, the general mechanism for improving cereal crop competition over weed species. Crop geometry is an old discipline in agriculture. It is referring to the plant's spatial arrangement and specifies the layout of the population of crops. Without concurrent grain yield loss, non-uniform geometry, such as seedling tossing, is aimed at minimizing labor intensity. Chemical and hand weeding has also been used in wheat as a weed control method. Herbicide incorporation and hand weeding greatly reduced the dry weight of weeds relative to dry weight in untreated parcels. Crop tailoring is typically calculated in three ways as a function of competition: tillering output rate, final tillering number, and tillering economy. Additional studies will help to explain the essence of the relationships of characteristics and skills in locations and seasons.

This study focuses on the Jazan region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), To date, there has not been any documented evidence about dental health care in the region. The study aimed to provide an overview of dental healthcare services in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Mainly secondary data were used in this study. Searches were conducted on MEDLINE, One Search Website, and Google Scholar. Most recent publicly available data were included that describe the current practice. The search was conducted between June 2020 and Jan 2021 for published documents including peer-reviewed manuscripts and published government documents on public oral health system in Jazan. We also obtained unpublished documents form the regional health directorate. There were 103 (59.2%) PHCs and 21 (12.1%) hospitals which had a dental component in Jazan region. Sabya City has the higher number of PHCs compared to other cities. Some cities do not have a dental service provided by PHCs, such as Al Harth and Atwal, which have four and five PHCs respectively but do not have dental clinics. The distribution of providers and services, the low number of dental hygienists and assistants, and the type of facility (PHCs or hospitals) are some of the issues in encountering dental service in the Jazan region. Further primary research focusing on different cities or geographical areas in the Jazan region is needed to validate these findings.

Biosurfactants are biomolecules with surface active properties, produced mostly by microbes and which offer potential commercial applications. Chemically, biosurfactants can be either glycopeptides, lipopeptides/lipoproteins, fatty acids, phospholipids or neutral lipids, particulate extracellular membranes or polysaccharides conjugated with proteins. Despite of varying chemical composition and molecular weights, all biosurfactants possess the characteristic properties of surface activity, like, lowering surface energy, amphiphilic behaviour towards organic and inorganic solvents. These biomolecules also increase the permeability of and disrupt biomembranes, disrupt biofilms, bind proteins, with bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects. Bacteria may show short-term or long-term tolerance to these effects. In dentistry, biosurfactants offer a vast scope in development and potential use due to their anti-inflammatory as well as antiadhesive activity, immunomodulatory action, antimicrobial applications (antiviral, antitubercular, antibacterial, antifungal), antineoplastic activity and novel uses in gene therapy and drug delivery. The rising death toll in the ongoing COVID-19 crisis is also pushing towards novel avenues of research. Current management of patients is mainly symptomatic but biosurfactants can potentially be both preventive and even curative agents. As the ongoing global environmental, economic and healthcare crises continue to develop, biosurfactants offer hope. Successful commercial use will depend on how well the scientific community and industry leaders clear the bottlenecks in production and supply chain optimisation.

Introduction: Endodontic management of young permanent teeth with necrotic pulp, with or without apical pathosis, positions numerous experimental trials. There is a risk of inducing a dentin wall fracture or extending gutta-percha into the periapical tissue during compaction of the root canal filling. Although the use of calcium hydroxide apexification techniques or the placement of mineral trioxide aggregate as an apical stop has the potential to minimize apical extrusion of filling material, they do little in adding strength to the dentin walls. It is a well-established fact that in reimplanted avulsed immature teeth, revascularization of the pulp followed by continued root development can occur under ideal circumstances. At one time it was believed that revascularization was not possible in immature permanent teeth that were infected. Methods: An in-depth search of the literature was undertaken to review articles concerned with regenerative procedures and revascularization and to glean recommendations regarding the indications, preferred medications, and methods of treatment currently practiced. Results: Disinfection of the root canal and stimulation of residual stem cells can induce formation of new hard tissue on the existing dentin wall and continued root development. Conclusions: Although the outcome of revascularization procedures remains somewhat unpredictable and the clinical management of these teeth is challenging, when successful, they are an improvement to treatment protocols that leave the roots short and the walls of the root canal thin and prone to fracture. They also leave the door open to other methods of treatment in addition to extraction, when they fail to achieve the desired result.

Universities have played a basic role in research, training and teaching professionals in different fields of knowledge. The importance of these Universities had been re-empowered, particularly with the development of globalization. Quality higher education in Kenya appears to be influenced by several factors which include but not restricted to policies on quality education; admissions, funding, policies on inclusion and constitutional requirements. The study objective was to establish the impact of inclusion policy on quality of higher education. The sample size of the study was 195 where top managers of the selected Universities were 103 while students were 92. The questionnaire was used on the Admissions Officers, Deans, DVCs, DQA, finance officers, HODs, Data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The study established that there was a positive and statistically significant relationship between inclusion policy and access to higher education. The study recommended that Inclusion Policy-Public Universities should strive to make Universities environment inclusive and since the Universities in existence are in trouble, no more Universities should be opened.

This paper discusses involvements of apprentices in the work integrated learning programme of the Namibia Training Authority at Tommy’s Lodge in Namibia. The paper ties in very well with the theme of the conference and brings out valuable information, lessons and practice regarding the role of Open and Distance Learning (ODL) in honouring the Sustainable Development Goals. The main objective of this study was to document the views of apprentices regarding their involvement in the work integrated learning programme through blended Technical Vocational Education and Training (TVET). A retrospective research design was used, targeting all apprentices actively participating in the work integrated learning programme. A sample of 7 apprentices at Tommy’s Lodge were purposively selected. Focused individual interviews (face-to-face) was used as the main approach for data collection. Findings of the study were analysed descriptively. The study provided insight into the work integrated learning programme in Namibia, brought out lessons of the involvement and experiences of apprentices, reflected mentor-apprentice relations, practicable teaching approaches, management of blended TVET programmes. Work integrated learning is a tool for transforming society through knowledge, skills and employment provision. This contributes to social and economic development of the country. Work integrated learning should be strengthened to enhance the knowledge and skills of not in education, employment and training generation. The programme should be implemented in all towns in Namibia. This would ensure contribution to the attainment of Harambee Prosperity Plan, National Development Plans, Agenda 2030 and Sustainable Development Goals.

This paper investigates the linear stability of the interface between two viscous, incompressible, electrically conducting fluids in the presence of a uniform magnetic field parallel to the interface, focusing on the suppression of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability. The classical instability arises when two fluid layers of different densities move with different velocities, leading to the amplification of small disturbances at their interface. By incorporating magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) effects into the linearized Navier–Stokes and Maxwell equations, we derive a modified dispersion relation that accounts for both magnetic tension and velocity shear. The results show that a sufficiently strong magnetic field can completely stabilize the interface by counteracting the shear-induced vorticity. The critical magnetic field required for stabilization depends on the density contrast and relative velocity of the two layers. The analysis has implications for astrophysical plasma flows, liquid metal processing, and oceanic or atmospheric shear layers.

Quality schools are organized based on the National Education Standards (NES). Unfortunately, many schools that are held do not refer to these NESs. There are schools that have not implemented these national standards thoroughly. This also includes elementary school levels that have not been implemented thoroughly, especially schools in rural areas. This study aims to describe the application of national education standards in rural elementary schools. This study uses a policy evaluation description method. This research was conducted at the elementary school level in North Bengkulu Regency, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia. Data collection techniques with checklists, interviews, observation, and documentation study. The data were analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The results showed that the conditions for implementing the national education standards in rural elementary schools had not been met effectively. School conditions have not reached the target of the national education standard. This condition has a negative impact on the image of rural schools. There are a number of problems, including lack of community awareness and contribution, inadequate condition of facilities and infrastructure, limited funds, lack of concern and contribution from the government. Suggestions to the education administering authorities to plan the fulfillment of NES in rural elementary schools in a concrete and operational manner.

Authors’ and collaborators have continued research concerning stretching, the flexibility of thoracic spine. In this study, author himself continued our stretching protocol for 4 months. The changes were i) the spreading degree of open legs, ii) bridge posture bending the whole body backward, iii) finger floor distance (FFD) with 3 to 18cm. The purpose was self-verification by habituation training, and clinical efficacy was found. For other effects, he has not been injured for the period as soccer player at all, and has felt comfortable operation subjectively. This process will be beneficial for managing various patients and athletes from now.

Infection with oncogenic or high risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) types significantly triggers the development of cervical cancer. Cervical cancer is the most common female cancer in northern Nigeria, yet the pattern of infection with human papillomavirus, the principal aetiologic agent is unknown; besides, prevalence data that governs research and policy is often inadequate or nonexistent. This study aims to detect precancerous cells and elucidate the incidence of HPV in cervical cancer among women attending selected hospitals in Katsina State. This was a preliminary study conducted in two hospitals in order to establish base-line data on the incidence and risk factors for the infection in Katsina State, Nigeria. The employed study design was Hospital based and cross sectional, involving the use of structured questionnaires to obtain socio-demographic and clinical data. Sixty (60) randomly selected women aged 18 years and above were recruited from gynaecology clinics in General Hospital, Katsina and Turai Umar Yar'adua Maternal and Children Hospital (TUYMCH). Relevant sexual and socio-demographic information were obtained from each subject using a questionnaire. Sixty (60) cervical scraping samples were screened for both HPV and squamous intraepithelial llesion (SIL) using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and conventional Papsmear, respectively. Data is presented in tables, and analyzed using the Graphpad Prism statistical software, version 69, at 0.05 level of significance and 95% confidence interval. The incidence rate of HPV infection obtained from ELISA test was 35% [(21/60)] and also 33.2% [(20/60)] with abnormal cytology results. Risk factors of the infection include low literacy levela; living in rural settlements; low parity; early menarche (< 15 years of age); early onset of first sexual intercourse (≤ 16 years of age) and multiple sexual partners with 48%. There was however, no statistically significant association between oral contraceptive usage and acquisition of the infections. The findings from this study have shown that there is a high possibility of detecting the DNA of hrHPV in women that are infected with HPV and those that have cervical dysplasia, which points out the possibility of these women developing cervical cancer. Further studies should be done using molecular screening techniques such as the linear Array, HPV Genotyping, and molecular characterization of HPV.