Background: Skin lesions are commonly encountered worldwide, but they differ in their clinical presentation depending on demographic region. It is essential to diagnose them correctly as management differs for each. Thus, histopathology is required as a definitive diagnostic tool. Aims and Objectives: To study histopathologic spectrum of non-neoplastic skin lesions, to determine age and sex distribution and analyse the histopathologic subtypes of these lesions. Material and methods: 102 skin biopsies received in the histopathology section of the Department of Pathology of a tertiary care hospital in Northern India were studied over a period of 2 years. 5micron thick sections were done and routine staining with haematoxylin and eosin was done in all the cases. Special stain was applied as and when required. All data was recorded carefully and represented in the form of tables/ charts. Results: A total of 102 skin lesions were analyzed, of which 47.1% were detected in age-group 21-40 years and 64.1% being males. Clinically, hyperpigmented patches/plaques were most frequently encountered. Psoriasis was most common histopathologic diagnosis (39%) followed by Hansen’s disease (17%), with tuberculoid leprosy being the most common subtype. Conclusions: Histopathological examination of skin biopsy remains the gold standard technique for diagnosing a variety of skin lesions. In correlation with clinical history it aids in the accurate diagnosis of the majority of the skin lesions.

Covid pandemic is unique. Viremia –Corona virus is viewed as enigma. Affliction demands continuous alert and or intensive nursing and selective nutrition. Less known aspects presented, elaborated, explained, demystified along with co-morbidities; opportunistic infections\infestations and fatality causes & Paradigm shifts needed. Neo nursing modes; methods; medicine and innovative nursing grapples provided. S + H3BO3, 1:1, v\v antagonises mycosis topically. Lab-to-nurse plain language used. Target: patient & family. Forget fear-adopt solid science is the ethos. Pan global regiments of actual front line workers converted to Covid combat winning warriors (nurses).

This report presents a rare case of multiple Cl.VI carious lesions developed in a young female patient due to full-time wearing of an Essix retainer combined with poor oral hygiene and high acidic diet. The demineralization during orthodontic retention and the hygiene instructions, including the retainer cleaning protocol, are highlighted.

Aqua forms are increasing year on year with increase in the demand of fish foods. Maintaining fish farms is of greater challenge since the growth of fish is related with quality of water. Monitoring the quality of water in each tank becomes difficult and includes interference that is much more human. In this proposed research work, an intelligent automatic aqua monitoring system is introduced where the sensors and the inlet monitor the quality of water and outlet of fresh water is controlled through Arduino micro controller. Since the components used are cheap and Arduino is very simple to program the proposed method finds efficient and promising results in maintaining aqua farms.

Deep Cervical cellulitis is one of the most severe ENT emergencies, requiring immediate management by a multidisciplinary team. Often due to a benign pharyngeal or dental infection, this life-threatening condition leads to extensive necrosis spreading along the fascia of the neck, possibly to the mediastinum. This article reports two cases of deep neck infection, one of which had severe thoracic complications, with septic shock and multiorgan failure.

Nuclear power plants are considered as a vital structure in these days. Heavy weight concrete is used in radiation shielding for nuclear power plants which is characterized by high density of aggregate. Moreover, type of aggregate used in the concrete mix play an important role in obtaining heavy weight concrete. The coarse aggregate which is used in this research is hematite coarse aggregate. Small prisms were manufactured in the laboratory in order to measure the variation in electrical resistivity for heavy weight concrete prisms, one prism is uncracked and the other prism is manufactured with a vertical crack. The objective for this research paper is to detect the cracks using inner electrical resistivity for heavy weight concrete which contains hematite coarse aggregate. The two parameters which are used in detecting cracks are the percentage change in electrical resistivity and the second parameter is Decimal Logarithm Resistivity Anisotropy (DLRA). The inner electrical resistivity measurements were measured two concrete prisms by two methods, the first is linear inner electrical resistivity measurement (LIERM) and the other accurate one is the square inner electrical resistivity measurement (LIERM). This paper is concerned in detecting cracks especially the inner cracks which can’t be observed by naked eyes using non-destructive testing method such as inner electrical resistivity method. It was concluded that the inner electrical resistivity can be used efficiently for detecting inner cracks using the percentage change in electrical resistivity and DLRA which detect the presence of crack inside the small laboratory prisms efficiently.

This paper investigates the hydrothermal response of plant fiber-reinforced-polyester composites (PFRC). Experimental methods were used to determine the mechanical properties of PFRC (bamboo, raffia and coconut fiber composites) through the use of monasanto tensometer testing machine. All the samples were chemically modified through the use of 12.5g of sodium hydroxide. The ultimate tensile strengths and moduli of raffia, bamboo and coconut fiber -reinforced polyester composites were computed when the composites were subjected to 20, 40, 60 and 100oC temperature and also soaked in water for periods of 4,8,12 and 24 hours. Numerical and micro-soft excel graphics were used to model the tensile responses of the PFRCs. From the analyses, the ultimate tensile strengths and moduli of raffia, bamboo and coconut composites for 24 hours at 100oc are 4.3, 5.8, 7.7MPa and 0.1, 0.06, and 0.11GPa respectively.

The dearth of construction materials has been the bane of the global construction industry. In a bid to curb this menace, it becomes very imperative to source for construction materials from discarded and least costly materials from raffia, bamboo and coconut fibers. This research investigates the hydrothermal response of plant fiber-reinforced-polyester composites (PFRC). Imperical methods were used to determine the mechanical properties of PFRC (bamboo, raffia and coconut fiber composites), with the usage of Monasanto Tensometer testing machine. All the samples were chemically modified with 12.5g of sodium hydroxide. Numerical and micro-soft excel graphics were used to model compressive responses of the PFRCs. From the analyses, the compressive strengths of raffia, bamboo and coconut composites are 40, 45 and 38MPa respectively.

Microfinance Institutions (MFI) are expanding their reach in Ethiopia at an accelerating trend. The study has attempted to look at the initiation of sustainable Islamic MFI in Afar region. Concurrent triangulation strategy was adopted to address the research objectives. In order to get relevant data, descriptive research design and quota sampling methods were used. And survey have been taken through questionnaire from three Zones of Afar region namely Zone 1 (Awsi Resu Zone), Zone 2 (Kilbeti Resu Zone), and Zone 3 (Gebi Resu Zone), with a total sample size of 227 pastoralists, document review and face to face interviews conducted with the officials responsible for initiation of MFI in Afar region. The results showed that the nonexistence of statutory provisions regarding to the operations of Islamic microfinance institution resulted to delay its introduction in Afar region. In addition, the assumed high transaction costs that will be incurred in providing financial services to pastoralists pointed as challenging factors. To overcome these, laws and regulations should be designed to foster the establishment of Islamic MFI and also use Islamic microfinance models such as mudharaba, musharaka, murabahah, ijarah, qard al-hasan and others models that comply with Shariah principles.

There was once a tattoo custom, called “hajichi” in the Ryukyu Islands. Considering the patterns and purposes of hajichi from the culture science perspective and combining with the history of Ryukyu Islands for root and truth-seeking exploration seemingly help to conclude that Yunnan Province in China is possibly the place of origin of hajichi custom. The tattoo culture in Yunnan may spread to Ryukyu and further roots and grows there based on the exchange convenience in the age of great navigation in East Asia.

Plant responses to various stresses are complex, involving alterations in the physiological, cellular, and transcriptome levels. Polyamine accumulation in diseased tissues is difficult to identify as it is found in both pathogenic fungus and plants. Abiotic stressors, as a group, pose a serious challenge to the ecosystem and agriculture also responsible for significant agricultural production losses. Benzoxazinoids are plant secondary metabolites found in grasses that have a significant potential for chemical defense against biotic stresses seen across the animal world. EREBP (Ethylene Response Element Binding Protein) transcription factor gets highly expressed in association with the ROS scavenging system, with decreased expression of the dehydrogenases gene. Crop productivity is also affected by biotic stresses. Plants physiological characteristics are altered by drought, excessive heat, and with their combined effect. Heat and drought stress have been proven to affect photosynthetic activity. Hydroponic systems operate by allowing precise control of environmental factors such as pH-balance and temperature, as well as increased nutrient and water exposure.

Osteoradionecrosis is one of the most serious complications of head and neck radiotherapy and is considered as a public health problem worldwide. It is most commonly characterized by the exposure of the affected bone, in addition to oral ulcers, drainage of purulent secretion and oral fistulas. Treatment of osteoradionecrosis is a challenging problem. The conservative approach to management consists of antibiotics, transoral debridement or sequestrectomy, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. For advanced stages, patients are treated aggressively by surgical resection of all diseased hard and soft tissue with or without immediate reconstruction. The surgical removal of all or part of the maxilla, leaving the patient with a defect that compromises the integrity and function of the oral cavity. The postoperative restoration of esthetics, deglutition, and speech shortens recovery time in the hospital and expedites the patient's return to the community as a functioning member. The surgical obturator is the proven treatment option in such situations. This article describes a simple technique to fabricate an immediate obturator after sequestrectomy. The obturator fabricated restores patient's manducatory functions and thus may have a positive effect on the patients' psychology.

The main problem discussed in this research is to find out what factors cause the law enforcement on environmental corporate criminal liability to be unfair and how to reconstruct environmental corporate criminal liability law that are able to achieve justice in the future which will be researched using the socio-legal research method which relies on the qualitative data obtained by the author in the field where the results are processed using data triangulation to obtain a relevant and accurate analysis. The results of the study indicate that the factors that cause environmental criminal law enforcement to be unfair are influenced by 3 factors, namely the law structure, substance, and culture that are still weak. In order to solve this problem there needs to be a reconstruction of the environmental corporate criminal liability reconstruction that are contained in Article 46 paragraph 1 of Law No. 23 of 1997 as amended by Law No. 32 of 2009 namely Article 116 (1) as it cannot provide adequate justice yet therefore reconstructing it must be done in order to comply with the value of justice.

Deterioration of reinforced concrete structures in marine environments is typically related to external retailers inclusive of chlorides that penetrate concrete causing harm. Corrosion products are relatively porous, susceptible, and often form around reinforcing metal, accordingly decreasing the bond between the reinforcement and concrete. This study evaluated the effect of using an extruded obtained from Perseus americana obtained from tree trunks as an inhibitor against corrosion attack on reinforced concrete structures in coastal zones with high salt concentrations and aggravated conditions. The extracted exudates/resin was coated to reinforcing steel and embedded in a concrete slab which is exposed to a corrosive medium with a high salt concentration The results of half-cell potential measurements maximum yields of the controlled and coated samples were -103.73 mV and -108.61mV, which showed the relationship between corrosion potential and probability in the Ecorr > 200mV as reference range. The potential results from Ecorr show that the value of the controlled and resin-coated sample with a 90% probability of no corrosion on reinforcing steel observed during the measurement is low (10% risk of corrosion, i.e. an average of 10% for the sample without coating gets the maximum value of -336.54mV, the result lies in the correlation reference value between the corrosion potential value of −350mV ≤ 𝐸corr ≤ −200mV, indicating a high-value range of 10% or indicating corrosion uncertainty. Comparatively, the results from the reference range (controlled) indicate that the sample is corroded due to the induced corrosion acceleration relative to the coated sample that the exudates/resin exhibits inhibitory properties against corrosion attack on reinforcing steel embedded in a concentrated re-plate which is exposed to a corrosive medium by forming a resistive layer. The maximum computed percentile of the controlled sample concrete resistivity is 66.23% compared to the corroded and coated values of -41.71% and 76.82% and the maximum controlled differential percentile is 2.71% compared to the corroded and coated value of 1.74 % and 5.28%. The results of the controlled and layered concrete resistance samples obtained the maximum average values of 15.2 kΩcm and 16.21 kΩcm with data values of 10 <𝜌 <20 (low) compared to the corrosion value of 9.21 kΩcm with Specifications 5 <𝜌 <10 (high) and with the reference range of the relationship between concrete resistance and corrosion probability, the corrosion probability was significant (𝜌 < 5, 5 < < 10, 10 << 20, > 20) for very high, high, low to moderate and low, for possible corrosion. From the comparative of coated and corroded samples, the maximum value obtained in both samples clearly shows the value of the coated sample with a range of 10 < 20, which classifies the range of values from low to moderate, with a significant indication of the possibility of corrosion. The maximum value of the corroded sample is in the range of 5 <10 which indicates high, signs indicating the presence of corrosion probability. The computed maximum percentile values of the controlled yield strength are 8.75% against corroded and the coated value of 7.2% and 8.81%, respectively, and the possible differential values are 0.05% controlled 0.89% corroded and 1.05 % coated. The controlled tensile strength is 2.885% compared to the corroded and coated values - 3.168% and 2.828% and the possible differential values are 0.19% controlled, 0.077% corroded and 0.039% coated. The comparative results show that the low load carrying capacity is caused by the effect of corrosion attack on the uncoated (corroded) elements, which damage the reinforcing steel fibers, ribs, and passive formation and surface modification. The maximum value computed from the percentile coated 0.049% against corroded -0.975% and 1.992%, the percentile differential in corroded 0.023% against coated 0.054%. For comparative, the results of the corroded samples showed reduction and reduction values compared to the diameter of the reinforcement before and after the induction accelerated corrosion test with a percentile range to reduce the value from 0.049% to -0.975% and the average value in the range of 11.95 mm to 11. 91 mm. The aggregate results show that the corrosion effect causes a reduction in weight/weight reduction in the corroded samples compared to coatings with a percentile exposure and an average increase, resulting in a small increase in the volume of the coating thickness.

Acute Pulmonary Edema (APE) is a condition affecting about 0.08-1.5 % of women during pregnancy and puerperium, accounting for 2.5-3.0 % of admission to obstetric ICU, constituting 9.8-11.5% of all patients of ‘maternal near miss’ criteria. This study was conducted across 3 tertiary care centres of Haryana, North India, to evaluate cases of APE in obstetrics ICU. 50 patients had acute pulmonary edema in the study period, with mean age 26.2 years, 60% were from rural setup, 76% were primigravidae, 56% had antepartum APE, 36% post partum and 2% intra partum, 8% had previous history of Pre-Eclampsia, 10 % relapsed during hospital stay, 4 % mortality rate. 80% had caesarean delivery, 76 % delivering preterm (<37 weeks gestational age), 40% were <34 weeks gestational age. Etiological causes – 64 % hypertensive, cardiogenic (16%) both cardiogenic & hypertensive (20%), fluid overload (2 %) irrespective of underlying etiology , 30% had fluid overload in the 24 hours preceding the acute PE event. Medium time from diagnosis to resuscitation was 5 minutes (within 25 min of diagnosis in 80 % of patients) Mean ICU stay was 6 days and hospital time was 13 days. APE is a medical emergency resulting in high maternal mortality rate (MMR). Most commonly occurring ante-partum period, with a hypertensive background and fluid overload being an important trigger.