It has been proposed by various authors that ectopic adrenal tissue can be identified in approximately 50% of newborns. However, most ectopic adrenal tissues become atrophic with age. These are usually asymptomatic. However in some cases endocrine symptoms and neoplastic transformations have also been reported. As a consequence, it has been suggested that ectopic adrenal tissues should be excised if incidentally encountered during surgery. We here report a case of incidentally detected ectopic adrenal rest located in ovarian hilum in a 44 years old female.

Coronaviruses as the most infectious group of viruses and their mode on action on respiratory tract and borne on other diseases are major risks for new disorders associated with the respiratory system. One of the biomarker in progression of pathogenesis of COVID-19 is the Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulatin (GM-CSF). This makers appears to more in high concentrations as compared to those normal cell. The major feature about the cellular mechanism of the COVID-19 is the changing shape of the strain that becomes difficult to control easily. Different symptoms and preventive measures are needed to exploit them. COVID-19 has influenced on the mental health by suppressing the different functions of neurons thus increasing the chances of brain disorders. Other neurological disorders symptoms are loss of smell in the form of anosmia, weakness, fatigue and a change in taste dyspepsia. ACE2 receptors are mainly involved in responses in case of entry of coronaviruses in the host cell. Airways have more ACE2 receptors than the rest of the respiratory tract. Nucleic acids vaccines are designed to target the spike proteins of the coronaviruses by inactivating of the antigen that can be injected into the cells of the human body. . There are many vaccines available for targeting the antigen behind the cellular responses to the nucleic acids. It implicate the immune responses once the vaccine injected into the body by producing the antibodies.

Different types of nanoparticles such as silver and gold can be evaluated at higher rate than those traditional methods or techniques. Nanoparticle Spectrometer is mostly used to measure the particle size distribution. Localized surface plasmon resonance is used for studying the shape, size and composition of the newly synthesized nanoparticles in order to extract the optical properties as different bimetallic nanoparticles. Nanoparticles can be synthesized through the pulsed plasma method by applying voltage across electrodes. Localized surface plasmon resonance is used for characterizing the physical as well as electrical characterizes of the some nanoparticles such as aluminum, gold and silver. Nuclear magnetic resonance is extensively used for determining of the atomic structure of different particles. Darkfield microscopy is used to find out the differences in contrast by selectively capturing light scattered by the specimen. Magnetic resonance in physics also used determination of the molecular structure of molecules bound to surfaces of nanomaterial. Liquid-phase plasma also applied for synthesis of nanoparticles in order to design the nanoparticles based on electrical and metal based properties.

Nowadays, HIV/AIDS pandemic is a public health problem. Mother-to-child transmission is a major factor in this pandemic worldwide [1]. We have initiated this study to assess the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. This is a prospective, cross-sectional study carried out in the obstetric-gynecology department of the hospital Nianankoro Fomba (HNF) Ségou over a period of 24 months, from June 2014 to May 2016. We have collected 60 cases of HIV-positive women, out of whom 1% of pregnant women and 1.28% of new mothers. The majority were housewives (65%) with an average age of 29.36 years. They were infected with HIV1 in 98.30% associated with opportunistic infections in 21.7% of cases. Immunological status was retained in 71% of patients with CD4 T-cell counts above 350 / mm3, and the average of CD4 count was 401.8947 / mm3. No patient was able to perform the viral load due to the failure of the device. 38.30% of our patients were screened HIV positive during pregnancy and 16.70% during the delivery labor. All our patients have been put on ARV triple therapy. 31.70% of the spouses were not informed of the status of their partners. The difficulties encountered in the follow-up of the children were: loss of sight, breaks in ARVs, non-availability of PCR. These difficulties explained the high rate of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV in our study with 16.98%.

Crop plants are cultivated because of their commercial values and for trading. On the other hand, the crop plants are cultivated and harvested on a large scales for profit purposes. The rice is cultivated in vast range of areas under different climatic conditions, grown in both wet and dry regions. Wheat is the most important and ancient crop which is cultivated at larger scale in many regions of the world. Cotton has hundreds applications in many things such as blue jeans to strings of our shoe, in clothing It has hundreds of uses, from blue jeans to shoe strings. The production of organic cotton promotes the biological cycles and the biodiversity. It is also used as fodder, feed for the cattle’s and in silage making. It is utilized widely as the main source of calories in the animal’s fermentation process. As the demand of crop increasing day by day due to large population entire the world, food with combinations of nutrients and minerals required to increase the production rate off different crops.

Land use land cover change trend in Phewa watershed of Nepal was found very unsymmetric over the past two decades causing tones of soil loss from it. This research focused on providing some valuable insights related to land use land cover change and its effects on soil loss from Phewa watershed using the ArcGIS and RUSLE Model in conjunction with Remote Sensing data for the year 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. This study predicts that the settlement change rate in very intensive compared to other coverages. However, change rate for forest, agriculture, barren, and water was found noticeable. Highest rate of change for settlement land was found 128.40 ha/yr in 2005 to 2010 while for agriculture and forest land it was found 192.92 ha/yr and 181.88 ha/yr respectively in 2000 to 2005. For the barren land and water highest rate of change were 94.12 ha/yr and 12ha/yr respectively. The overall land use change from 2000 to 2020 for built-up area, agricultural land, forest area and bare land were found as 12.30 Km2 (342.20%), 6.47 Km2 (13.12%), 2.45 Km2 (4.27%), and 3.44 Km2 (39.13%) respectively. This research predicts that the fluctuation of land use change has great effects on the soil loss. The year interval having higher land cover change consisted with higher loss of soil and vice versa. Soil loss rate was found highest in 2010 (16.74 t/ha/yr) followed by its lowest rate in 2015 (11.58 t/ha/yr. Year interval with these two significant soil losses has high rate of LULC change. Additionally, this study forecasted the land use land cover change using MOLUSCE in QGIS for the year 2025 and 2030. Forecasted result showed that settlement area will maintain its coverage as 17.10 Km2 and 17.19 Km2 in 2025 and 2030 respectively. In 2025, forest and agriculture will maintain their coverage as 54.99 Km2 and 42.53 Km2 respectively followed by their coverage in 2030 as 55.10 Km2 and 42.39 Km2 respectively. The barren land will be 4.33 Km2 in 2025 but 4.25 Km2 in 2030 while the water coverage for both 2025 and 2030 years will be the same as 3.86 Km2. The results of this study could be very useful and could serve as a corner stone for the sustainable management of land use land cover and to control the soil erosion from the Phewa watershed.

Leadership is referred to the competencies of a manager or senior to influence the subordinates to achieve a goal set by an organization. Effective leadership helps in developing associations between the employees, resolving conflicts between the team members, and ensures that a constructive environment is maintained within the organization. The adoption of the right leadership style helps in mitigating the crisis and risks that are affected by the organization in the competitive markets. It includes the adoption of situational leadership as a situational leader understands the needs of the employees and makes adjustments in his/her management approach to meet the needs of the employees. The situational leader seamlessly switches between different leadership styles to suit the organizational needs and develop trust and confidence among the followers. It encourages the employees to reach the leader and seek guidance regarding the resolution of difficult situations like risk and reduce it considerably. It helps the team to make the rightful decision and mitigate the risk or crisis.

Four samples of Guadua Angustifolia (Colombian Timber Bamboo) bamboo culms were investigated in this study in order to determine the effects of nodes and other physical properties on the compressive strength. The samples were categorized into two groups; samples with nodes (labeled 1M and 1G) and samples between nodes (internode) which were labelled 1J and 1B. The mechanical properties such as moisture content, density, modulus of elasticity and compressive strength of the samples were studied in the laboratory. From the results obtained, it was observed that the density of all the bamboo samples was directly proportional to their respective compressive strengths. Bamboo culm samples from the internode part had a compressive strength that is lower than that of those from the node part (1M and 1G). The culm sample from the node part (1M) had the highest compressive strength of 80.5379 N/mm2 while the culm sample from the internode part (1B) had the lowest compressive strength of 60.8930 N/mm2. The culm diameter, wall thickness and length influenced the cross-sectional area over which the stress was determined. Therefore, the mechanical properties of bamboo are dependent on its physical properties to a reasonable extent.

In the beyond few years, there was a number of interests in and use of particulate delivery structures as immune providers each for small and large molecules withinside the area of drug administration. A form of drug molecule has pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties that adjust and enhance used inclusive of nanoparticles. In vivo, they were used to protect drug entities withinside the systemic circulation, restrict drug gets entry to sure areas, and distribute drugs at a regulated and constant price to the activity site. Various polymers are applied withinside the appearance of nanoparticles for drug delivery evaluation to increase healing benefit while decreasing side effects. This paper discusses an extensive variety of subjects associated with nanoparticle formulation, characterization, structural effects, and applications in drug delivery and therapeutic gene delivery. This study examines several themes relating to the formation of nanoparticles, characterisation, architectural impacts, and drug delivery and medicinal gene therapy application.

The problem in this study is to find weaknesses of the interpretation of detention by law enforcer in the Indonesian criminal justice system and how to reconstruct it based on the value of Pancasila justice. The approach method used in this study is socio-legal research which relies on the data obtained in the field that are compared to relevant literature and existing laws. The conclusion of this study is that the construction of the interpretation of detention by Law Enforcer is currently not based on the value of justice based on Pancasila, namely detention on the one hand is an authority given by law based on the principle of legality to investigators, investigators on orders of investigators, public prosecutors and judges, but on the other hand, it deals with the deprivation of the liberty of the suspect and the accused. The weaknesses of the interpretation of detention by the apparatus are that the detention of suspects or defendants can weaken socio-economic development as it is not mutually exclusive, but overlapping each other, therefore, the Ideal Reconstruction of the Interpretation of Detention by Law Enforcement Officials in a Criminal Justice System Based on Justice Values Based on Pancasila is to add, with amend, add to, or improve the articles that contain rules or provisions regarding detention.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the concentration of hemoglobin, ferritin, albumin, total protein and globulin in pregnant Sudanese women to assess the presence of anemia and hypoproteinemia in the second and third trimester. Materials and method: A total of 100 pregnant women were attended at Almadina Arab Hospital in Gezira state, Sudan in the period from December 2017 to February 2018. Their ages ranged from 19 to 37 years old, and they were divided into two groups: second trimester and third trimester. Venous blood samples were drawn from each participant to determine hemoglobin, ferritin, albumin, globulin, and total protein levels using a Spectrophotometric method by an automated analyzer (Biosystem A25), and globulin was determined by calculation. The statistical package for social science (SPSS) software version 20 was used to analyze data. Result: In both the second and third trimesters, the mean concentration of measured biochemical parameters were decreased, with no significant difference between the two groups however, the means of ferritin levels were normal. Hemoglobin mean levels were (10.784±1.143 and 10.968±1.570), total protein mean levels were (6.632±0.701 and 6.644±0.631), albumin mean levels were (3.204±0.423 and 3.254±0.420), and globulin mean levels were (3.444±0.661 and 3.390±0.611) in the second and third trimesters, respectively. The mean levels of ferritin were (36.900±1.458 and 39.300±1.591) in the second and third trimesters, respectively. Conclusion: Pregnant Sudanese women in their second and third trimesters were found to have anemia and hypoprotienemia.

The present study aimed to investigate whether linguistic differences and distance have any influence on spoken English proficiency among Bengali speakers. In particular, this study tried to find some probable areas of influence of vowel from Bengali to English. It was found that the L1 influence was present in the highly proficient English as a second language speaker. It was concluded that the pronunciation errors were mainly due to L1 interference.

Zoonotic diseases are group of those diseases that transmitted from animals to the human in the form of germs categorized from microbial sources. Rabies is characterized by biting the dogs, cats and transmitted by infections from animal’s surfaces to the human body. Psittacosis is the zoonotic disease that is transmitted by bird’s infections that leads to abnormalities in liver functions. Brucellosis also the zoonotic disease characterized by infections particles in the form of food products. Polluted foods lead to food borne disease. Vaccines are used for the treatment of rabies in order to control the rate of transmission of rabies. The main purpose of vaccines is to develop the immunity against virus and provides long life protection against the microbial environments. Different antibiotics such as doxycycline and rifampin are used for Brucella but increasing the resistance against that drugs leads to challenge the mechanisms of resistance of antimicrobial drugs. There is need to synthesize the genome based drugs that can make certain alterations in genomics of the animals.

Infectious diseases are caused by transmission of infections from animals either in the form of biting of different tissues of human. Infectious diseases are also caused by organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites and transmission rate high such as rabies, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS and Ebola viruses. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is involved in the immune responses against the pathogenic attack. Natural Killer T cells, lymphocytes, macrophages and interleukins are involved in immune responses. Cytokines releases that causes immune responses by releasing the chemicals. Bacterial infections are those caused by salmonella and E.coli are most common in modern environment. Fungal growth on skin causes different fungal infections that leads to borne of many skin diseases, such as ringworm and athlete's foot. Histoplasma capsulatum affects the lungs in two ways either in the form of acute or chronic inflammation. Tuberculosis (TB) is the most infectious disease widespread caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that causes lungs and respiratory problems. Different types of genes are involved in immune responses when there is attack of coronavirus to the specific immune cells. Genome editing helpful for editing the specific gene in the microbial cells that causes the inhibition of genes causing infectious diseases.

Environmental conditions include chloride penetration (eg de-icing salt or seawater) and carbonization of concrete. This protective effect may fail, but the provisional quantification of this process to assess the service life of reinforced concrete structures is an important task both in the planning stages of new buildings and in the context of renovation of existing buildings. The application of Boswellia dalzielii Hutch extruded viscous gummy paste (exudate/resin) obtained from the tree was studied in the research exudate/resin. Its utility as an inhibitive material in the curbing of corrosion effect on reinforcing steel built within the coastal region of high salinity. Extracted exudate/rein was coated to reinforcing steel and embedded into the concrete slab, exposed to corrosive media with a high concentration of salt. The experimental data of corrosion potential Ecorr, mV and concrete resistivity, kΩcm of maximum percentile value calculated from the concrete resistivity of the controlled sample concrete is 134.14% compared to the corroded and coated value of -31.11% and 88.07% and the maximum value of the percentile differential from the control is 49.97% compared to the corroded and coated value of 15.72% and 42.9%. The results of the controlled and coated concrete resistivity samples obtained of the maximum average values are 15.05kΩcm and 12.09kΩcm with a description of the value 10 <𝜌 <20 (low) compared to the corrosion value of 8.15kΩcm with Specifications 5 <𝜌 <10 ( high) and with a reference range of dependence between concrete resistivity and corrosion probability significant corrosion probability (𝜌 < 5, 5 < 𝜌 < 10, 10 < 𝜌 < 20, 𝜌 > 20) for very high, high, low to medium and low, for possible corrosion. The maximum calculated controlled percentile value was -66.02% compared to the corroded and coated values 171.66% and -62.28% and the controlled potential differential value was 1.7%, corroded 6.56% and coateded 0.91%. The maximum half-cell potential yields of controlled and coated samples were -107.1mV and -121.98 mV, which showed the relationship between corrosion potential and probability as a 𝐸corr > −200mV as a reference range. The results of this corrosion potential Ecorr, mV result show that the controlled sample values and exudates/resin coated are low with a 90% probability that no corrosion of the reinforcement is observed at the time of measurement (10% corrosion risk, 10% or shows an uncertain corrosion probability for samples that uncoated, the maximum calculated value is -328.22mV, the result is within the reference value of the dependence between the corrosion potential and probability of the value −350mV ≤ 𝐸corr ≤ −200mV indicates a high range of values, which is a corrosion probability of 10% or uncertain of the reference range (controlled) shows that the corrosion samples show corrosion as a result of accelerated corrosion induced as compared to the coated samples which show no corrosion. The maximum percentile calculated from the ultimate tensile strength is controlled by 2.99% in terms of corrosion and coating values are - 2.97% and 3 0.01% respectively and the potential differential value of 0.14% is controlled, 0.12% is corroded and 0.09% is coated. The calculated maximum percentile of the controlled yield strength is 9.08% relative to corrosion and coated values are -7.83% and 8.61% and the possible differential values are 1.42% controlled, 0.09% corroded and 4.29% coated. The maximum percentile value calculated to compare the strain ratio was checked at -7.21% against corroded 5.36% and coated -7.23%, and the maximum differential was checked for 0.08%, corroded 0.2% and coated 0.1%. The comparative results show that the low load carrying capacity is caused by the effect of corrosion attack on the uncoated (corroded) elements, which damage the reinforcing steel fibers, ribs and passive formation and surface modification. The observed mean values for the coated samples were associated with the corrosion resistivity potential to penetrate the reinforcing steel with the formation of a protective membrane; This attribute indicates the effectiveness of the exudate / resin as an inhibitor against corrosive effects of reinforced concrete structures exposed to heavy marine areas with high salt content. The maximum calculated percentile diameter of the reinforcement after corrosion was controlled 0.368% versus corroded - 0.903% and coated 0.796%, with a different percentile of corroded 0.011% versus 0.007% coated. For comparative, the results of the corroded samples showed a reduction and reduction value compared to the diameter of the reinforcement before and after the induction accelerated corrosion test with a percentile decrease in value from 0.368% to -0.903% and an average value in the range from 11.98mm to 11.94mm. The cross-sectional area differential in mean values and relative percentiles between coated and corroded samples ranged from 39.02% to -28.07%. ......