Background: Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus, the most frequent co-morbidities in SARS-Cov-2 patients are considered as risk factors for disease severity and mortality. And the role of inflammatory biomarkers on these patients is still under evaluation. Methods: Retrospective data was collected study in 3 independent groups each with 24 patients: diabetes, hypertension and with concomitant diabetes and hypertension respectively of critically ill SARS-CoV-2 patients admitted in the CCM. The data of age, gender, diabetic and hypertensive history, inflammatory marker, duration of stay was obtained from electronic patient data repository of the hospital and compared with Mortality. Results: The mean CRP levels in diabetes was 78.81 ± 16.8, in hypertension 82.23 ± 13.98 and in group with both the co morbidities was 79.05 ± 16.38. Serum ferritin levels were high in hypertensive group 731 ± 621.12, were as in diabetes population it was 560.31 ± 319.81, and 629.37 ± 350.8 in both diabetic and hypertensive population. The mean and SD of D-dimer it was 3726.4 ± 2411.86 in diabetic group, 2861.28 ± 2041.36 in hypertensive group and 2755.6 ± 1980.67. CRP levels and D-dimer were positively correlated with mortality and duration of stay. Conclusion: Our study concluded inflammatory markers CRP and D-dimer levels were elevated in both comorbid patients and this was statistically significant. Correlation of ferritin to the outcome was not significant and understanding the molecular mechanism of infection in co-morbid patients and assessing the inflammatory markers can provide necessary assistance at earliest, for a better clinical outcome.

The surinfection of the renal graft by multi-resistant germs constitutes a serious complication, which can engage the functional and vital prognosis in renal transplant patients. It is responsible for a problem of therapeutic management and of the benefit/risk ratio between antibiotic therapy at therapeutic doses and the contraindications linked to renal insufficiency and therapeutic impasse. This work reports the case of a kidney transplant recipient who died following complications of a superinfection of the graft by a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing OXA 48. The purpose of this observation is to underline the nosocomial risk in kidney transplant patients and the difficulty of the therapeutic management of these multi-resistant infections.

Both classical liberalism and keynesianism play an important role in human economic history. There are some relevant research results interpreted the two together. However, the differences between the two are the focus of previous scholars, therefore, the research on the similarities and connections between the two is ignored, or the two are completely opposite. Reinterpretation of the general theory focuses on discovering the relationship between tradition and innovation, giving people new understanding and enlightenment.

A study was conducted to identify the challenges and opportunities faced by female employees in education institutions and how well the female employees can manage their professional life and personal life. Research is steered at one of the University in Sultanate of Oman. It is a descriptive study conducted to find the opinions of female employees towards work life balance at University in Oman. The population of the proposed research include all female teaching staff of the University (population is 83) by including all the departments (BSD, ELC, Engineering and IT). The sample size is 68 with (95% confidence level). To know the intentions and opinions of female employees a structured questionnaire is administered for collecting primary data. Stratified proportionate convenient sampling method is used to collect data from female teaching employees of the University. Parametric test ANOVA is used for analysis. A one-way ANOVA was conducted to compare the opinions of female employees towards work environment. The employees’ targets that create tension shown a statistically significant difference among four departments. The employees’ responsibility at work create stress shown a statistically significant difference among four departments. The employees not able to spare time for research activities shown a statistically significant difference was found among four departments. It is observed that there is a difference of opinion among female employees of the university towards work environment. Similarly, there is a difference of opinion among female employees of the university towards home environment (family) and regarding work life balance among four departments. Post-Hoc test was conducted to know the actual difference of their opinions with reference to other departments and found that IT and engineering has a difference of opinion regarding work life balance. Hence, we can say that some female employees are not comfortable with work life balance at the University.

This study determined the relationship between knowledge and anxiety levels of frontline nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic in Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh with the use of descriptive correlation cross-sectional research design, and the data were collected using a survey questionnaire and adopted the GAD-7 Anxiety tool. Respondents of the study were the 290 employees chosen purposively. The present study reveals that most of the respondents belonged within the age range of 31-36 (52.41%), female (90%) with O+ blood type (41.03%), bachelor's degree in nursing (82.41%), staff nurse 2 (49.31%), had 6 – 10 years work experience (40.69%), classified as a technician (50.69%) and currently working at the emergency unit (22.07%). Similarly, the mean knowledge about Covid-19 was 21.82 verbally described as "very good knowledge." Meanwhile, (59.66%) of the respondents had very good knowledge about Covid-19. The computed mean anxiety level of the respondents was 5.89 verbally described as "moderate anxiety," about (48.97%) had mild anxiety. Furthermore, the socio-demographic profile of the respondents does not significantly correlate to the knowledge about Covid-19 and anxiety level, which leads to the acceptance of the null hypothesis. Finally, there are no significant variations existed in the knowledge about Covid-19 and anxiety level when grouped according to socio-demographic variables which lead to the acceptance of the null hypothesis.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between Managers Emotional Intelligence and Team Effectiveness. Team effectiveness are measured in two ways, cohesiveness and goal attainment while Managers Emotional Intelligence as has its dimensions as self-management, self-awareness and social-awareness. The methodology here is based on theoretical & conceptual literature review. It regards emotions and the conditions that might contribute to team effectiveness. Findings revealed that there is a strong and positive significant relationship between the study variables. The study then recommends that management should implement strategies that will encourage emotional intelligence and its dimension such as self-awareness, self-management, and social-awareness in order to achieve organizational goals.

Ever since the Covid-19 pandemic broke out, numerous studies have shown up investigating the negative ramifications of this crisis for university students, who are considered to be a vulnerable population. So far, however, the positive consequences of the pandemic for university students as well as how the crisis may have impacted young people’s resilience have not been explored. Unlike previously published research on the topic, this small case study attempted to explore any university students’ views regarding how the Covid-19 pandemic affected them and how they tried to mitigate the pandemic’s effects. To allow participants to freely express themselves, their written texts about the topic were used as a research tool, whereas qualitative content analysis was used as a research method. Eighty-seven undergraduate students took part voluntarily in the research. Findings indicated that the pandemic has greatly and negatively affected the students’ emotional, psychological, and mental state, who experienced mainly fear and anxiety. At the same time, however, they received valuable lessons for life, realizing that nothing is a given and that they must live life to the fullest. In parallel with experiencing the alienation from their social environment and their psychological fatigue; the participants, due to their isolation, turned to themselves, revised things, and evolved personally, increasing also their resilience to difficult conditions. Although the students did not mention extensively to have employed coping strategies, those strategies mentioned were constructive. The research findings are discussed in terms of their implications regarding students’ support in the educational process and generally their support by universities after the health crisis.

The whole world is faced with different kind of insecurity challenges. To tackle the current insecurity and safeguarding the national security of a particular nation, there is the need to make effective use of GPS technology. For Nigeria to tackle the current insecurity problems, GPS technology must be fully utilized in tackling and destroying different types of security threat bedeviling the nation, ranging from the Boko Haram terrorist, the economic terrorist in the Niger Delta, kidnappers, Armed Robbers and the herdsmen and other criminal gangs around the country. The focal point of this paper is to examine the legal aspect of GPS technology on the development of national security. The paper will recommend possible ways of improvement.

Background: The L5/S1 intervertebral foramen which houses the largest nerve trunk in the lumbosacral region is the smallest in the vertebral column, and studies on spinal health has revealed that certain clinical conditions of the lower back and the predisposition to them such as spondylosis, spondylolysis and lower back pain may be associated with anatomical variations in the size of the bony components in this region. The study seeks to evaluate normal measurement values of the LSA, LSA and LLD of the spine of healthy female Nigerians, and find out if there exists significant associations between these normal values and with respect to age. A secondary purpose is to provide an indirect method for estimating the epidural space by measuring the depth of lumbar lordosis (LLD). Materials and Methods: Lateral x-ray films of the lumbar and lumbosacral spine of 45 informed volunteers who met the inclusion criteria were studied with respect to the LLD, LLA and LLA using standard radiologic procedures. Results and Discussion: Lumbosacral parameters were 32.04±6.080, 49.84±8.260 and 3.36±0.45cm for LSA, LLA and LLD respectively. Average values of spine parameters varied significantly with age; except for LSA, significant differences were found between age groups. Mean LLA was significant between age group 18-22 and 23-27 years, while mean LLD was significant between age group 18-22 and 23-27, as well as 18-22 and 33-37 years. Statistically significant correlation (at P < 0.05) was found between LLA and age and also between LLD and age. On the average, the size and shape of lumbosacral curve dimensions as determined by lateral x-ray in healthy female Nigerians, fall within the range considered normal and are significantly influenced by age. Conclusion: The findings of this research will be helpful to physicians in the management of low back and also in drawing treatment plans for other back related conditions.

Background: Thyroid diseases and diabetes mellitus are common endocrine disorders and Euthyroid Sick Syndrome is very common in uncontrolled type2 Diabetes Mellitus. As of thyroid hormones; the catabolic hormone Leptin is thought be closely linked with Diabetes Mellitus and Euthyroid Sick Syndrome. Objective: To evaluate the thyroid hormone pictures in absence of clinical thyroid diseases among type2 diabetic subjects in a Bangladeshi population. To see the baseline serum leptin concentration in a group of Bangladeshi adult population and to document how the leptin is related to glycemic status and Sick Euthyroid syndrome in the setting of uncontrolled type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Method: This case and control study was carried out in the Endocrinology Department in collaboration with the Bio-Medical Research Group (BMRG), Research Division, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (BIRDEM)), Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period of January 2000 to December 2002. A total of 100 type 2 diabetic subjects, 30-50 years of age, irrespective of glycemic status, duration of diabetes, Body Mass Index (BMI) and sex were recruited from the outpatient department (OPD) of BIRDEM hospital. Control subjects (n=30) were selected from friends and family of the patients within 5 years of age band without diabetes or impaired glucose regulation {Impaired Fasting Glycemia (IFG), Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT)} determined according to American Diabetic Association (ADA) criteria [37] and having no clinical thyroid diseases or other evident systemic diseases documented on clinical evaluation. Results: It was observed that mean± SD of the thyroid hormone pictures in diabetic and control subjects were; TT3 (ngm/dl) {in controls (88.91±15.88) and in diabetic subjects (84.27±22.29)} was not statistically significant to each other (p=0.209). Mean±SD of TT4 (µgm/ dl) in control subjects was 8.32±1.64 and in the diabetic subjects was 9.26±1.44, which is almost similar in both the groups (p= 0.589). FT4: (pgm/ml) in control subjects was 2.60±0.54 and in diabetics was 2.53±1.72 (p= 0.830). FT4. (µgm/ dl) in control subjects was 1.43±0.22 and in diabetics subjects 1.36±0.25. (p 0.179). TSH (µlu/ml) in control subjects was 1.34±1.00 and in diabetic subjects 1.54±1.21 (p: 0.411). FT3; FT4 and TSH showed no significant difference between control and diabetic subjects. Thyroid hormones (TT3, TT4, FT3, FT4) and TSH were reanalyzed according to HbA1c and BMI category and showed no significant differences. But when the FPG and HbA1c goes beyond 12 mmol/l and 10% respectively there was more worsening thyroid hormone pictures in comparison to groups whose FPG and HbA1c were below 12mmol/l and 10%. It was also noticed that there was a tendency to develop lower thyroid hormone pictures and more deteriorating glycemic status in patient with low and normal BMI groups in comparison to higher BMI groups of patients. Insulin and leptin were found to have strong positive correlation with BMI and other indices of obesity. Serum leptin was also found to be positively correlated with FPG and HbA1c upto a certain limit, but HbA1c went beyond 10%; serum leptin concentration tended to be declined. Serum leptin and Insulin showed strong positive correlation to each other’s. Thyroid hormones and TSH were re-analyzed and its relationship to FPG, HbA1c, fasting serum Insulin and Leptin were explored. Fasting serum Insulin and Leptin showed no significant differences among the different thyroid hormones groups. Conclusion: Uncontrolled type2 diabetes mellitus is associated with alteration of thyroid hormone pictures particularly affecting TT3, FT3 and TSH. This biochemical feature is more evident if the BMI of the Diabetic subjects is low or within the normal range and also the more worsening the glycemic status, there were more deteriorating serum thyroid hormone pictures. Serum leptin was not found to have any relation with these changes.

Background: The COVID 19 Virus globally has caused tremendous morbidity and mortality among the general population around the world. To assess knowledge, there has been limited number of studies done to know the prevalence of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among pregnant and lactating women. Aims: To assess knowledge, attitude and acceptance of Covid-19 vaccine among pregnant & lactating females in rural area of western U.P. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on pregnant & breast- feeding women attending the antenatal & postnatal OPDs in the department of Obstetrics and gynecology & department of Pediatrics at Teer thanker Mahaveer Medical college & Research center. A total 1560 patient responses were taken from age group 18 to 42 years. All were provided with a pre-validated questionnaire consists of multiple choice. These questions evaluate knowledge of COVID-19 vaccine authorization and published materials. The universal acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. Three- and five-point Likert scales were used to rate the responses. Results: knowledge regarding COVID-19 vaccination among participants was obtained from government agencies was insignificant given by 16%, somewhat significant by 40% and significant by 44%, from news channel and radio was 20%, 42%and 38%, from social media in 25%, 48% and 27%, from friends and family in 18%, 50% and 32% and through healthcare provider in 14%, 36% and 50% respectively. In response Strongly disagree, disagree, neither agree nor disagree, agree, and strongly agree were seen as responses to desire to take the COVID-19 vaccine seen in 3%, 4%, 12%, 26% and 55%, through obtaining natural immunity COVID-19 vaccine was seen in 18%, 25%, 22%, 18% and 17%, desire to spend money for the COVID-19 vaccine was seen in 4%, 12%, 14%, 35% and 35% and there was tendency to recommend vaccines to people who were already familiar with them 3%, 8%, 12%, 34% and 43% respectively. Conclusion: Corona Virus immunization is reliable and accessible method of controlling the pandemic and as a result reduces it reduces the morbidity and mortality. Pregnant and lactating women need additional knowledge and attitude regarding COVID- 19 vaccination.

The use of traditional research methods has evaluated the Professional strength of woman female rowing boat racing young nation team at National Sports Training Center Da Nang as a basis for selection, Appropriate exercise to develop endurance for a female athlete rowing boat racing young nation team at National Sports Training Center Da Nang, olong with a science-based program that is tailored to the actual conditions of the boat racing training program at the National Sports Training Center Da Nang.

Introduction: Brain tumors are the most common tumor of the childhood and the second most common malignancies after haematological malignancies. Childhood central nervous system (CNS) tumors differ significantly from adult brain tumors in reference to their sites of origin, clinical presentation, tendency to disseminate early, histological features and their biological behaviour. Aims and Objective: Analyse the Clinical and histopathological spectrum of brain tumors, in pediatric patients ≤18 year of age. Materials and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted at the department of pathology, SMS medical college, Jaipur from January 2020 to October 2021. This is a laboratory based descriptive type of observational study and data of brain tumors in children equal or less than 18 year of age procured and their clinico-histopathological spectrum were analyszed. Result: In our study, Out of 116 patients 51.8 % were male and 48.2 % were female. Mean age for the male cases were 10.11 and for female cases were 9.78. we observed intracranial pediatric tumors 67 cases (57.7%) were located in infratentorial region and 49 cases (43.3%) were located in supratentorial region and incidence for intracranial tumor was 39(33.62%) cases of astrocytomas followed by 25 (21.55%)cases of medulloblastoma, 20 (17.24%)cases of ependymoma, 13 (11.20%) cases of craniopharyngioma, 5 (4.31%) cases of pituitary adenoma, 4 (3.44%) cases of meningioma, 3 (2.58%) cases of embryonal and choroid plexus tumor, 2 (1.72%) cases of ganglioglioma and 1 (0.86%) case of Schwannoma and PNET. In this article, Based on tumor location, the symptoms of CNS tumors on the supratentorial region were headache (22 cases, 44.8%), impaired vision (10 cases, 20.4%), seizures (6 cases, 12.2%), vomiting (4 cases, 8.1%). Symptoms of CNS tumors on the infratentorial region were headache (48 cases, 71.6%), vomiting (5 cases, 7.4%), impaired vision (4 cases, 5.9%), seizures (3 cases, 4.4%). Conclusion: Infratentorial cases, maximum number of cases were medulloblastomas and supratentorial cases, maximum number of cases were astrocytic tumours. Overall astrocytic tumours in all senses constituted the most common group of CNS tumours. Within astrocytoma, low grade astrocytoma (grade I & II) was most common CNS paediatric tumour.

Rhabdoid meningioma is a rare aggressive variant of meningioma. Histopathologically, it is particular and distinctive type having abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm with eccentrically placed nuclei. It has been included in the revised WHO classification of tumours of the CNS as a subtype of meningiomas with high risk of recurrence, more aggressive growth and poor survival, corresponding to WHO grade III.

Drinking water has always been a major issue in many countries, especially in developing countries like Nigeria. The study was aimed to assess the effect of anthropogenic activities on water quality parameters at Gundutse River in Kura Kano, Northern Nigeria for a period of 3 month (April - June, 2019). Surface water sample for the study were collected from three (3) different sampling (A, B and C) sites based on the depth of the water and analysis of water was conducted either in situ or transported to the laboratory for further analysis. The physicochemical and microbiological properties of the water were determined using standard method. The result of physicochemical properties of the water showed that the temperature, pH, turbidity and electric conductivity ranges from 25 to 260C, 7.3 to 7.7, 140 to 155 NTU and 617 to 628μs/cm respectively. The average values of nitrate, phosphate, Dissolve Oxygen and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) of the water ranges from 1.80 to 2.13 mg/L 1.0 to 1.16 mg/L, 3.73 mg/L to 4.10 mg/L, 1.96 to 2.23 mg/L respectively. The result of microbiological analysis of the River showed that Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter sp. and Klebsiella pneumoniae were identified. The use of the river water for drinking may be hazardous. The study therefore, stresses on the need to control the faecal pollution of the water before use.