Introduction: Majority of the deaths during child birth are due to complication after delivery. C-section which is a measure to reduce death rate of the mother and fetus comes with many complications. Proper knowledge should be provided to the child bearing mother to choose the right method of delivery. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to compare the post-operative complications among patients undergoing cesarean section vs normal vaginal delivery. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in department of obstetrics & gynaecology, Janaki Medical College Teaching Hospital, Ramdaiya Bhawadi, Janakpurdham, Nepal, during the period from January 2020 to December 2022. Total 500 women who have given birth through vaginal delivery or cesarean section were included in this study. Result: Mean age of the study people in vaginal delivery group and cesarean section was 29.3 years (SD±7.5 years) and 30.9 years (SD±8.5 years) respectively. Maternal mortality was higher in cesarian section. Muscular pain was the commonest maternal complications in both vaginal delivery group and cesarean section group; 35.6% and 44.4% respectively. There was significant difference (p<0.05) between groups in muscular pain, problem in digestion, urinary trac infection, wound infection and SUI and other values were not statistically significant. In vaginal delivery group, 7.6% new born were admitted to NICU and in cesarean section group it was 11.6%. Delivery injury was commonest complication of neonatal in vaginal delivery group and RDS was commonest complication of neonatal in cesarean section group. Conclusion: For both maternal and neonatal cases, cesarean section has more complication than vaginal delivery. Muscular pain and headache were present in majority of the study people. Mortality rate in cesarean section is also slightly higher in this study.

Background: In nursing education, a variety of small group teaching approaches are employed to improve students learning and motivate them to actively participate in the teaching and learning process. Peer Assisted Learning has recently grown in popularity and gained substantial interest. This study aimed to explore the perception of nursing students about Peer Assisted Learning and Seminar method in paediatric nursing. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was adopted. All The ninety students in semester seven paediatric nursing course were enrolled. A semi- structured, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. SPSS version 23 was used to analyse the data which then expressed in frequencies and percentages, mean, weighted mean, and SD. qualitative data were analyzed, and key themes were identified. Results: the findings showed that all students reported a greater positive perception in Peer Assisted Learning than Seminar in development of learning - teaching skills with mean score of 4.30, 3.66 respectively. Collaboration and interaction, the repose mean score of 4.27 and 3.43 respectively, learning environment the repose mean score of 4.40, 3.61 respectively. Students perceived Peer Assisted Learning as a more effective and favourable method for paediatric nursing in their comments in terms of improving their learning–teaching skills. Self-confidence, self-reflection, communication and demonstration skills, and motivating, enjoyable learning environment. Conclusion: Peer Assisted Learning had remarkable benefits as teaching / learning method comparing to Seminar among nursing students. It could be incorporated in the nursing curriculum.

Fruits are useful food substances that provide unique and essential nutrients for the body. This present study is aimed at evaluation the toxic effect on the Biochemical indices of the second filial generation pup from the Wistar rats fed with Calcium Carbide forced ripened orange fruits. Mature unripe oranges were plucked off from the orange plant in Ogu, Yenagoa, Bayelsa state. They were forced to ripe with 10g calcium carbide which was placed in a bowl containing 5ml of water apparently used to dissolved it in a closed metal bucket containing 1kg of the matured orange rapped with black nylon and was kept two days [48 hours] to ripe. After ripening, sampled fruits were washed and juiced. 600g of calcium carbide forced ripened orange was peeled and blended in an electric blender with 350ml/L of distilled water to form the orange juice. The orange juice was filtered with a clean fine sieve and was poured into clean bottles labeled [CaC2 forced ripened orange juice] which was then stored in a refrigerator for further usage. 21 adult Wister rats [10 males and 11 females] weighing between 126.9- 213.3g were used for this study. The experimental Wistar rats were cohort into two and was allowed to acclimatize for two weeks (fed with grower mash with clean water ) at libitum then, different dosage of the fruit juice were administered orally based on their body weight. Group 1: Normal control group of 6 rats [3 males and 3 females] receive normal water and feeds only as placebo. Group 2: Treatment Group [2] of 6 rats [3 males and 3 females] received Calcium Carbide ripened orange juice. The treatment lasted for four weeks. The adult Wistar rats were allowed to copulate freely during and after the acclimatization and treatment period. Wistar rats birthed and the Pups of the different groups were collected according to the treatment protocols. The parent Wistar rats was still kept in their distinctive cages without treatment but was allowed free access to feed on the growers mash, clean water and copulation at libitum. They birthed again for the second time [Second Filial Generation] and the Pups were weighed at birth, at one week and two weeks, then they were sacrificed at the end of the second week and blood samples were collected from the two distinctive cohorts for Biochemical assay. Biochemical assay was done and results indicates reduction all the tested indices; AST, ALT, ALP, Creatinine, Urea, Albumin, Tottal protein, Total Cholesterol, Bilirubin, Lactate Dehydrogenase[LDH] in the Second Filial Generation Pups of the Calcium Carbide treated Wistar rat. Nutrients from the fruit induced with Calcium Carbide consumed during pregnancy permanently impact on the developing fetus of the Wistar rats which is expressed later in life.

Physical therapy is one of the healthcare professions concerned with human function and movement. According to Higher Education Commission "Physical Therapy is an essential segment of modern health care system. This study was conducted to identify the knowledge of physiotherapy as a profession and the level of awareness amongst intermediate pass students. A cross-sectional study with 348 college students were selected by using convenience sampling technique and a self-designed questionnaire was circulated to them for data collection and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, conducted by SPSS. Results show that knew 50% about the sub-specialties, 70% & 60% have knowledge of treatment modalities and their uses in physiotherapy practice. This study concluded that high school students are having good awareness about physiotherapy as a profession. Further education to the schools is needed to enrich the knowledge about the physiotherapy profession to the school students.

Identifying the most influential factors affecting the student’s performance plays a vital role in improvising student’s academic results. The conventional counseling is a time consuming process to understand students’ performance. Machine Learning techniques play a major role in educational institutions to estimate the students, performance leading to better performance in placements. The major objective is to find behavior patterns of students in a timely and accurate manner. We find out the groups of students who need to be counseled in time. The system uses parameters such as attendance status, extra circular activities, grade, technical skills, previous semester results, grasping capability, aptitude grade, interaction with lecturers etc. This also helps faculty members to identify the most influential factors affecting the students’ performance. Analyzing student mental issues for low academic performances is a complex task in the current education sector. The system uses data science technique called as "Association Learning" to find the patterns. The Eclat algorithm is used to find patterns. The proposed system builds as real time application useful to educational institutions to understand students’ behavioral patterns. The system helps faculty to identify the most influential factors affecting the students’ performance. A web browser in the future can be developed and used as an application. More number of parameters can be added to predict the students’ performance.

Introduction: Congenital anomalies are structural, behavioral, functional, or metabolic defects that occur before the birth of a baby, and their nature and type are highly dependent on the causative agent. It refers to changes in embryonic or fetal development caused by genetic, environmental, or unknown factors that result in physical and/or mental impairment. This study aims to evaluate the various types of abnormalities in newborns with congenital anomalies. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Pediatric Medicine and Pediatric Surgery departments of Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Eighty (80) newborns were included in the study using a purposive sampling method. The study was conducted during the time from April 2012 to September 2012. The aim of the study was to evaluate the various types of abnormalities in newborns with congenital anomalies. A pre-designed questionnaire was completed for every neonate including H/O regular maternal antenatal care with the taking of TT and MMR vaccine, any maternal disease or fever with rash, taking any offending drug, use of abortifacient, exposure to radiation or industrial hazards, feeding habit including smoking or use of alcohol and clinical and anthropological examination. Results: Eighty neonates were presented with congenital anomalies. Male infants were 52(65.0%) and female infants were 28(35.0%). Among congenital heart diseases TGA found in 4(5.0%), TOF 2(2.5%), VSD 4(5.0%), PDA 5(6.3) cases. According to the patient’s abnormalities, hydrocephalus was found in 14(17.5%), encephalocele in 4(5.0%) & meningocele, myelomeningocele was found in 13(16.3%) cases. Club foot in 8(10.0%) syndactyly, polydactyly was in 6(7.5%) and cleft lip and palate were in 16(20.0%) cases. Anorectal malformations were observed in 11(13.8%) cases. Ambiguous genitalia were 11(13.8%) cases. Previous maternal history of abnormal delivery shows Encephalocele, meningocele, myelomeningocele, club foot was 9(11.4%), IUGR 3(3.8%), preterm birth 7(8.8%), stillbirth 3(3.8%) and infants death was 3(3.8%). Conclusion: Most frequent birth defect was cleft lip and/or palate followed by congenital heart diseases, hydrocephalus, myelomeningocele, ambiguous genitalia, and anorectal malformations. The study of birth defects in underdeveloped countries should continue.

Sporting performance is dependent upon the athlete’s readiness to act, which facilitates the strengthening of the bond between stimulus and response. Thus, an athlete is highly motivated and eager to exhibit the best performance in the modern sporting world under tremendous load. For elevating the performance in the main competition it is extremely necessary to prepare the physical, physiological, and psychological condition of an athlete before the mega- events. That is the core concept of warming up. At the end of any sporting event, it is highly recommended to maintain homeostasis by lowering the intensity and volume of the work stimulus. This is termed as cool-down in sports training. The present research article discussed various research-based scientific innovations for promoting better warming up and cool-down protocols of sports training. The means and methods of warming up and cool-down are critically discussed for the promotion of modern sports training.

Ovarian pregnancy is a rare entity among ectopic pregnancies where the ovary is the site of implantation. Its diagnosis requires a well codified approach. The particularities of the determining factors, histopathological and evolutionary characteristics of ovarian pregnancies led us to take an interest in this form of ectopic pregnancy. We report a case of ovarian pregnancy treated during our shift. It concerns a 42 year old woman, multiparous, with a notion of delay of menstruation of 3 weeks. She presented to the gynecological emergency room with acute pelvic pain complicated by shock. On examination, the diagnosis of ampullary ectopic pregnancy was made. The patient was resuscitated and underwent emergency surgery. The diagnosis of ovarian pregnancy was made intraoperatively, for which a salpingectomy was performed. The postoperative course was simple. Indeed, the diagnosis of ovarian pregnancy is difficult and is based on intraoperative findings. The presence of the ovarian nidation zone on histopathological examination is optimal to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment is based on surgery with the development of conservative techniques by laparoscopy when the patient's hemodynamic state allows it.

The wind turbine is a device that is used to harness one of the most abundant renewable energy sources on the planet: wind. It works on the concept of converting wind kinetic energy to electrical energy. Wind turbines are becoming increasingly popular in today's globe since they provide numerous environmental benefits as well as the ability to create enough power for users. A wind turbine's main functioning principle is that it creates electricity when the wind blows. The wind turbine creates more power when the wind velocity is higher. However, regardless of wind speed variations, the goal of this article is to achieve a consistent or controlled output. The goal is to have a controlled output regardless of how quickly the wind blows. This idea is made possible with the help of a converter that is installed within the wind turbine and converts whatever input it receives into a steady, constant, or controlled output. Numerous tests and simulations back up the methods used for this project. The final results that meet the design specifications are compiled and displayed in figures throughout this publication.

Staphylococcus aureus is a common hospital and community-acquired pathogen known to be frequently associated with wound infections. Therefore, the aim of the research was to determine the incidence of Staphylococcus aureus in patients with wound infection at University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State, Nigeria. A total of 150 specimens from different types of wounds (traumatic wound, caesarean section, scrotal wound, surgical wounds, burns, diabetic foot, and plastic surgery) were collected from the Hospital for a period of six months and processed for isolation of S. aureus, following standard microbiological procedures. Samples were cultured on sterile mannitol salt agar (MSA) plates and characterized phenotypically based on cultural and biochemical identities. Data obtained showed 38.7% of the wound cases were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus isolates. It was observed that the organism mainly occurred in burns (52.63%), while the lowest incidence was related to plastic surgery (18.2%) contamination. The study showed that 10.3% of isolates were associated with biofilm formation, while gamma hemolysis and beta-hemolysis was observed in 93.1% and 6.9% of isolates, respectively. The results of this study represent serious public health concerns, thus emphasizing the need for proper wound management.

We analyse the acceleration of integrated public transportation management in DKI Jakarta. Here we focus on the case of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) or called TransJakarta. In this study the qualitative research methods are used through post-positivism paradigm. We collect the data through observation, interviews, and literature studies. We found that the acceleration of BRT-based integrated public transportation management in DKI Jakarta can be well carried out if each stakeholder understands and implements the transportation management system that has been approved whether it is for planning, organizing, or supervising. Meanwhile, there are several components that are needed for accelerating BRT-based integrated public transportation management: route restructuring, transportation integration, single bus operators, and fair law enforcement. It is also important to realize the collaboration among Indonesian regional-own enterprises (BUMD), Indonesian state-own-enterprises (BUMN), and all stakeholders for creating sustainable and equitable bus-based public transportation in DKI Jakarta.

Swine influenza strain can be transmitted from human to human and causes normal symptoms of influenza. Transmission mainly occurs between pigs and pigs and humans. Our present study is of a 72yrs old male who died of H1N1 infection. Postmortem findings showed congested and edematous lungs with patchy areas of consolidation. Histopathological findings in lung revealed edema, pneumonic changes, hyaline membrane formation and focal cytophagocytosis.

The main purpose of this study was to examine the challenges facing visually impaired pupils on academic achievement in special needs primary schools in Bukoba District, Tanzania. The study was guided by a specific objective: to examine visual impairment challenges facing special needs pupils’ academic achievement in Bukoba District. The study was anchored on Maslow’s theory of needs. The study employed a survey research design. The target population was 791 respondents that involved 53 teachers, 735 visually impaired pupils, 2 Head teachers, and 1 DEO. The sample size was 39 teachers, 47 visually impaired pupils, 2 Head of schools and 1 District Educational Officer. The researcher used questionnaires and interviews guides as the tools for research data collection. The study found 92.3 percent agreed by saying that there were some challenges facing visually impaired pupils on academic achievement while few respondents equal to 7.7 percent respondents responded by saying there are no challenges facing visually impaired pupils in special needs primary schools in Bukoba district. Finally, the study recommends that the government should put much effort on supporting visually impaired pupils through financial support as well as allowing more teachers to go for further training, besides providing relevant teaching and learning resources. Ethical considerations were adhered to including seeking consent of the respondents and guarding against plagiarism.

In this research article, Cobalt nanoparticles were green synthesized, Characterized and applied in antimicrobial study of some selected pathogens. The formation of cobalt nanoparticles was confirmed by first, its colour change from light brown to dark brown within 10 minutes. From the UV-Vis spectral analysis, it was observed that highest absorption peak appeared at 400nm reflecting the surface Plasmon resonance of Cobalt NPs from Parkia biglobosa stem which is characteristic of Cobalt Nanoparticles. From the FT-IR studies, the absorption peaks were seen at 3787.71 cm-1, 3660.31 cm-1, 3436.44 cm-1, 1638.75 cm-1, 1384.50 cm-1, 1090.80 cm-1and 798 cm-1. Investigation revealed a medium sharp peak absorption at 1090.80 cm-1which may be attributed to the stretching of aliphatic hydrocarbon (C–H). A peak at 1384.50 cm-1corresponds to C=C stretching while the absorption bands at 1638.75 cm-1and 3436.44 cm-1may be assigned to N-H and O-H stretching vibration modes respectively. Similarly, peaks were seen at 3787.71 cm-1 and 3660.31 cm-1 corresponding to O-H belonging to water and alcohol respectively. Furthermore, the very strong band at 798 cm-1emanates from C-O-C symmetric stretching and C-O-H bending vibrations of protein in the Cobalt nanoparticles. The surface morphology of the bio fabricated Cobalt nanoparticles, has revealed by SEM image, is spherical in shape having smooth surface and well dispersed with close compact arrangement. From the microbial study carried out, the surfaces of the cobalt nanoparticles might have interacted directly with the bacterial outer membrane, causing the membrane to rupture thereby killing the microbes. The antibacterial activity demonstrated by the cobalt nanoparticles in this study could be attributed to their small size and high surface to volume ratio, which therefore enables them to interact closely with bacterial membranes. From the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) study conducted, it showed clearly that the green synthesized cobalt nanoparticles inhibited the growth of the pathogens investigated.

Instructive approaches for testing emerging malaria vaccine candidates could potentially have a lot of translational value. The potential of genetically altered Plasmodium species that do not grow beyond the liver stages, in triggering a protective immunity. Giardia-lamblia, Ascaris-lumbricoides, Trichuris-trichiura, Schistosoma species and Entamoeba-histolytica are most intestinal worm parasites around worldwide. Amebiasis is caused by Entamoeba histolytica invading the intestinal mucosa and causing severe mortality and morbidity. Babesiosis is tick borne infectious disease which causes anaemia, fever, haemoglobinuria, and frailty in the animals. Various bacterial species have been found in fish’s natural habitats. Bacterial colonies can be seen on fish’s gills and skin as a result of persistent contact to unclean water, whereas polluted water or food might harm the gastrointestinal tract. Salmonella nontyphoidalis is the most common zoonotic bacterial food borne infection in humans. Salmonellae are common around the world, and they are the most common pathogenic bacteria in both humans and animals. Engineering the genes which code for pathogenicity effectors and host adaptability could be the key to completely identifying the causal relationship among a gene deficiency and infections in organoids.