Introduction: Ganglioneuroma is a rare, benign neurogenic tumor that develops from sympathetic ganglionic cells. It is mainly located in the retroperitoneal region. Observation: This is a 39-year-old patient with no pathological history who has been seen for right back pain. Abdominal CT showed a right adrenal tumor with diameters of 40mm×22.5mm, a spontaneous density of >10 HU before injection, and > 31.5 HU after injection with a wash-out at late time < 40%. The hormonal balance reversed the secreting character of the mass, surgical treatment was indicated, histological analysis came back in favor of adrenal ganglioneuroma. Conclusion: Although benign, the ganglioneuroma may present malignant aspects, including scanographic that can mislead the clinician. Therefore, histology remains the examination of choice to make the diagnosis.

Infectious pathologic changes caused by pathogens, which are harmful that enter the body by bacteria, fungus, viruses, and parasites. Infectious-diseases can range in severity from very mild to very dangerous. Numerous human diseases are caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris and Bacillus subtilis. Capparis spp. that have anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, including spermidine, carotenoids, quercetin, tocopherol, and rutin by the anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, and anti-leishmanial action. Carrot seed oil (Daucus carota) and tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) both exhibit antibacterial action respectively. Curcumin and its derivatives were found to have more potent anti-bacterial activity against several strains of S. pneumonia. Oregano oil and carvacrol has revealed that they have anti-viral properties against respiratory-syncytial-virus (RSV), that causes respiratory disease, rotavirus, a frequent condition of diarrhea in theng children, and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Sweet basil extract, which contain ingredients like ursolic acid and apigenin, have powerful antiviral properties against hepatitis B, herpes and enterovirus. Candida infections have fewer severe side effects and less cost load than chemical medications, can be treated with new pharmaceuticals, plant, and herbal items.

This paper examined health sector readiness and COVID-19 containment in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study concerned itself with the responses from the health sector, which determines its readiness to contain the COVID-19 pandemic as a health emergency. The study was guided by contingency theory. Contingency theory argues that there is no specific and best way of solving problems affecting society and therefore lays emphasis on solutions to problems. Data was collected from secondary sources using content analysis. The analysis indicated that the post-epidemic level of preparedness was poor due to decades of neglect arising from leadership ineptitude, underfunding, and inadequate training in the health sector. However, post-epidemic response and containment efforts, which have kept the fatality rate at 1.3%, demonstrate the importance of prioritization of needs under resource constraint. The drastic contingency measures of sit-at-home, lockdown, and border closure, together with emergency purchase, donor and stakeholder funding, and assistance in the provision of required medical facilities, were an apt product of resilience and courage under fire. The study recommends, among other things, increased budgetary allocation for overall health sector development in line with international best practices. This must be driven by a visionary and pragmatic leader.

Idan dai mutum ma’abocin karatun rubutattun labaran Hausa ne, ko mai sha’awar sauraro ko karatun tatsuniyoyin Hausa ne, babu shakka zai riƙa ganin wasu kamannu tsakanin wasu rubutatttun labaran Hausa da kuma tsatsuniyoyi na Hausa. Wannan dalili ne ya sa wannan takarda ta yi tsokaci a kan kyakkyawar dangantakar da ke tsakanin rubutattun labaran Hausa da tatsuniyoyin Hausa. Taken wannan takarda shi ne, “Dangantakar Jigogin Wasu Labaran Magana Jari Ce da Na Tatsuniyoyin Hausa.” Manufar takardar ita ce, kwatanta dangantakar da ke akwai tsakanin wasu labaran da ke cikin Magana Jari Ce I - III da tatsuniyoyin Hausa ta fuskar jigogi, wato saƙonnin da suke ɗauke da su. An karanta wasu ayyukan masana da suka yi a kan fagagen tatsuniyoyi da rubutattun labaran Hausa. An kuma karanta littafin Magana Jari Ce I-III a matsayin dabaru da hanyoyin gudanar da bincike. An ɗora wannan bincike a kan Ra’in Tsarin Adabi (Structural Theory) na Propp (1928). Bayan an ƙare binciken, sai aka gano cewa, akwai kyakkyawar alaƙa ta fuskar jigogi tsakanin wasu labaran Magana Jari Ce I-III da tatsuniyoyin Hausa. Wannan alaƙa kamar yadda aka gano ta samu ne saboda rubutattun labaran Hausa sun tusgo gyauronsu ne daga tatsuniyoyin Hausa. Haka kuma, mawallafin littafin Magana Jari Ce I-III wato Abubakar Imam ya daɗe yana sauraron tsatsunoyin Hausa daga bakin kakanninsa tun yana yaro ƙarami kamar yadda kowane yaro ke tashi da sauraron su a ƙasar Hausa. Wannan babu shakka ya tasiranci tunanin Abubakar Imam wajen gina littafin Magana Jari Ce I-III.

Objectives: The benefits of topical drug delivery systems, which have been used for centuries, include the ability to deliver medications both quickly to the affected area where they are most effective and over an extended period of time. These systems lengthen the drug's mean resident time and contact time. The design and characterization of an antibiotic emulgel for topical medication administration is a goal of the current investigation. Methods: Cefpodoxime Proxetil emulgel were prepared using different concentration of Carbopol 934, HPMC K4M and xanthan gum as gelling agents and evaluated the relevant parameters such as physical examinations, pH, extrudability, spreadability, viscosity, swelling index, drug content, in-vitro diffusion studies and microbiology activities. Results: All formulations are neutral and viscosity of emulgel was found in the acceptable limits. On physical evaluations were found to be optimum in terms spreadability, swelling index and extrudability. Drug content of all formulations were found in the ranges 69.73% to 97.58% and CEF4 emulgel exhibiting the highest drug concentration and the lowest percentage drug release due to its controlled release pattern and proven non-fickian diffusion mechanism release. The results found that, the selected formulations proven better bacterial activities against both gram positive and gram negative organisms. Conclusions: Type and concentration of polymers can have an impact on the drug permeability studies and physical-chemical characteristics of the developed antibiotic emulgel, which had excellent results and was suitable for possible therapeutic purposes.

Gastrointestinal tuberculosis accounts for nearly 3 % of the total extra pulmonary cases. Tuberculous appendicitis is a rare type of gastro intestinal tuberculosis, seen only in 0.1 to 0.3% of cases. Here we present a tuberculous appendicitis case in a 20 year old female.

Once the novel molecule is planted, preformulation study is one of the fractions that is started. In a larger sense, it covers with research on a molecule's physical, chemical, analytical, and medicinal properties and offers suggestions for effective modifications that could be made to improve performance. The study of preformulation factors can contribute to the development of pharmaceutical formulations that are dependable, safe, stable, and efficacious. Pantoprazole is an irreversible proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that reduces gastric acid secretion. PPIs, pantoprazole binds to the proton pump (H+,K+ -adenosine triphosphatase) in the parietal cells to exercise its pharmacodynamic effects; however, in comparison to other PPIs, its binding may be more specific for the proton pump. When given as an enteric-coated, delayed-release tablet, pantoprazole is well absorbed and has a 77 % oral bioavailability. It is metabolized by the liver's cytochrome P2C19 into the inactive metabolite hydroxypantoprazole, which is then subjected to sulphate conjugation. Independent of dose, the elimination half-life ranges from 0.9 to 1.9 hours. Similar to other PPIs, pantoprazole is effective in promoting the healing of gastric and duodenal ulcers. In the present works overall objective of preformulation studies of Pantoprazole is to engender information useful in developing stable and Bioavailable dosage forms.

Introduction: Paraneoplastic hypoglycemia unrelated to insulinoma is a rare cause of hypoglycemia and is due to paraneoplastic secretion of either IGFI, IGFII, or more rarely insulin Observation: We report a case of paraneoplastic hypoglycemia in a patient with metastases of an unknown primary. This is a 60-year-old patient admitted to the ward for recurrent hypoglycemia, the first of which was discovered following an apyretic coma. He has a history of hepatic and gluteal metastases from an undifferentiated carcinoma, the primary of which is unknown, followed in the oncology department and treated by chemotherapy. The biological assessment shows microcytic hypochromic anemia, hypoinsulinism <0.1mIU / l associated with a collapsed C peptide <0.15ng / ml (RV: 1.1- 4.4) with a concomitant glycemia of 21 mg/l. In view of the clinical context and the paraclinical explorations, the diagnosis of paraneoplastic hypoglycemia was retained after the elimination of the factitious origin and the insulinoma. The patient was put on diet, infusion of 5% glucose serum from which he was weaned after the introduction of prednisolone corticosteroid therapy: 60 mg per day with good tolerance and disappearance of hypoglycemia. Discussion/Conclusion: Paraneoplastic hypoglycemia is hypoglycemia most commonly caused by the overproduction of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) and its precursors which can activate the insulin receptor. In general, large mesenchymal and epithelial tumors may be the cause. The diagnosis is confirmed by the discovery of an elevated IGF-2 / IGF-1 ratio. The basic treatment is surgical excision. Glucocorticoids are among the drugs that can be used in cases where surgery is not possible as a first line followed by other alternatives in case of failure.

This study was set to determine the digital competencies needed by teachers for utilizing mobile learning applications for effective lesson delivery in Technical Colleges in Aba Education Zone of Abia State. Two research questions guided the study in line with two hypotheses. The study adopted descriptive survey research design and was carried out in Aba, Abia State. The population for the study constitutes 43 Technical College Teachers (sampled purposively) and 55 IT Practitioners (obtained through preliminary survey). Data pertinent to the study were collected using a structured questionnaire developed by the researchers titled “Digital Competencies Needed for Utilizing Mobile Learning Applications Questionnaire (DCNUMLAQ)”. The questionnaire was validated by three research experts and the reliability of the instrument was established using Cronbach Alpha which gave a reliability co-efficient result of 0.77. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while the null hypotheses were tested using t- test at .05 level of significance and appropriate degree of freedom. Some of the findings include that the ability to; provide students with task management tools to organize their work, exploit computer games for pedagogical purposes, create screen capture tutorials, being able to detect plagiarized works in students assignments are part of the digital skills needed by teachers for utilizing mobile learning applications for effective lesson delivery in technical colleges in Aba Education Zone. Based on the findings of the study, the recommendations made among others include that technical college teachers should be retrained for capacity development and adoption of trending technological skills into classroom teaching for enhanced learning outcome, and education administrators/policy makers should enact policies especially for on-time assessment of teachers’ capacity in the use of ICT for teaching in technical colleges for effective lesson delivery.

International result-oriented performance in sports requires systematic scientific training. A proper pedagogical approach is required for systematic loading of the athletes in order to record-breaking performance. The performance of an athlete largely depends upon a progressive training load for a relatively long period of time. The degree of mechanical tension, subcellular damage, and metabolic stress can all play a role in exercise-induced muscle adaptations. The process of adaptation largely depended upon the ratio of load and recovery stimulus. Thus the load dynamics and proper adaptation is reflected in the achievement of an athlete. The present research review-based article discussed systematically the procedure of training load, importance of recovery, and adaptation of load.

Scar pregnancy is a rare but serious form of ectopic pregnancy that is life-threatening and functional. Its actual incidence remains undetermined, but the increase in published cases over the past ten years testifies to the increased vigilance of obstetrician-gynecologists on ultrasound diagnosis, which remains the first-line examination. To date, there is no consensus on a reference treatment. We report our experience of a case of pregnancy on caesarean section scar in a 36-year-old patient treated in our department. The diagnosis was suspected in the presence of metrorrhagia associated with pelvic pain in the first trimester of pregnancy. Ultrasound confirmed the diagnosis and treatment consisted of surgical cure by laparotomy. The objective was to discuss the epidemiological, physiopathological, diagnostic aspects, the therapeutic and evolutionary modalities of this rare pathology.

This update reviewed the effects of VR complementary therapy in breast cancer patients regarding physical symptoms such as the common triad of pain, lymphedema and upper limb impairment following treatment. The results revealed weak but consistently positive, significant effect in physical symptoms. Findings, however, were limited by poor methodological quality, small sample sizes and low statistical power in studies. Future recommendations include better designed studies with large sample sizes and acceptable power to investigate the effects of VR interventions in women with breast cancer, during and after cancer treatment.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is an epithelial neoplasm arising from the malignant proliferation of keratinocytes and it is the second most common type of skin cancer behind basal cell carcinoma (BCC). SCC presents with a wide variety of clinical manifestations including erythematous patches and nodules although its most usual presentation includes indurated well demarcated ulcerative lesions. We present historical case of SCC of the scalp who made the extension and invasion the brain after eroding the vault.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the weakness of the role of the Notary Official of Land Deed Maker in determining the Sales Value of Tax Objects to increase current regional original income and reconstructing the role of the Notary/PPAT in determining the Sales Value of Tax Objects to increase regional original income based on the value of justice. The approach method used in this research is socio-legal, namely by conducting joint research between law and non-doctrinal institutions that are empirical/social in examining the legal rules that apply in society. This research is descriptive-analytical. The results of this study shows that the Weaknesses in the regulation of the determination of the sale value of tax objects to increase the current local revenue. Based on article 6 paragraph (3) of the Law on Customs for the Acquisition of Land and Building Rights, therefore, the Reconstruction of the regulation on the determination of the Sales Value of Tax Objects to increase regional original income based on the value of justice, namely that the Regional Head in determining the amount of the sale value of the tax object is obliged to establish it as instructed by Law The Law on Regional Taxes and Levies and Regional Regulations truly reflects the actual value, which is the selling value of tax objects based on the value of justice and by changing several related articles including Article 24 paragraph (1) of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2000 concerning Amendments to Law Number 21 of 1997 concerning Customs on Acquisition of Land and Building Rights and Article 79 paragraph (3) of Law Number 28 of 2009 concerning Regional Taxes and Regional Levies.

Streptococcus constellatus is a microorganism that lives commensally in the oropharyngeal region, urogenital region, and intestinal tract. However, it can cause infection in patients with certain predisposing factors. We present a rare case of a right-sided frontal abscess caused by Streptococcus constellatus in a 47-year-old male with well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patient who was injured by shrapnel pieces in the head and who was malnourished. The patient was successfully treated by surgical evacuation and antibiotherapy. Very few cases of brain abscesses caused by S. Constellatus have been reported in the literature. Only four cases in an immunocompetent patient have been reported to date.