The prevalence of atopic dermatitis (AD), spanning across from childhood through adolescence is increasing in the Middle East region. Poor Quality of Life (QoL), excessive healthcare expenditure, loss of school and workdays are considered to be the significant burden of AD. Although, QoL data is available for children affected by AD in Saudi Arabia, there is limited data for adolescents and adults. Moreover, data on healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) in Saudi Arabia is lacking. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the association between AD severity and AD-related QoL and HCRU in adolescents and adults in Saudi Arabia. It also aimed to identify the gaps in literature on AD in the above two patient populations in Saudi Arabia and provide recommendations for better management of QoL and HCRU- related issues. Extensive literature search was carried out through various search engines, such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using different keywords. This review highlighted the lack of literature from Saudi Arabia with respect to the effect of AD on QoL and HCRU in adult and adolescent populations. The gaps in data regarding patient perception, physician knowledge, family and caregiver burden, and QoL for better AD management related HRQoL and HCRU in Saudi Arabia were also identified and recommendations to bridge these gaps were provided.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of mortality in children worldwide, but there remain significant challenges in diagnosing and treating TB infection and disease. Tuberculous (TB) meningitis is the commonest infectious disease of the central nervous system in paediatric and geriatric cases. Childhood TB is an indication of failing TB control in the community. It allows disease persistence in the population. Tuberculosis can be prevented in children by diagnosing and treating cases of active TB amongst adults, as paediatric cases always acquire it passively from household contact of adults suffering from TB as disease in adults is multibacillary. Although significant data is available for the prevention of childhood extra-pulmonary and disseminated TB, offering Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination, it is still not routinely offered during vaccination. In this case report, a two-year child with a history of failure to thrive and constitutional symptoms diagnosed with disseminated extra-pulmonary TB presenting as TB meningitis with a history of contact with the mother suffering from active sputum positive pulmonary TB receiving anti-TB treatment. Child was evaluated with CT brain plain and contrast and documented meningeal enhancement. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed tuberculous etiology in presence of lymphocytic predominance and raised ADA level in fluid. CSF fluid sent for cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test documented MTB genome with rifampicin sensitivity. We retrospectively analysed mothers’ sputum examination and observed higher grades of sputum AFB and her cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test revealed MTB genome with rifampicin sensitivity. Child and mother were treated with standard protocol recommended by NTEP (National Tuberculosis elimination program). In conclusion, we recommend BCG vaccination to all newborns, and tuberculin skin testing and isoniazid prophylaxis to the contact of adults with sputum positive pulmonary TB cases in India to prevent transmission of disease from mother to baby. A high index of suspicion is must while evaluating these cases and all possible measures should be taken to confirm tuberculosis to have successful treatment outcome.

Medicinal plants not only supplement or replace the frequently insufficiently available modern medical treatments but also improve the local population's health and security. As a result, these plants are essential to daily life and have strong ties to a wide range of social, cultural, and economic events related to birth, growth, aging, illness, and death. The formulation of Morinda citrifolia and Costus afer undergoing phytochemical screening in methanol extract. The phytoconstituents discovered in the formulation were tannin, terpenoid, flavonoid, alkaloid, cardiac glycoside, glycoside, saponins, etc. The therapeutic value of a medicinal plant is determined by its phytoconstituents, either singly or in combination. Some of the significant phytochemicals with various biological activities include alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, saponins, steroids, glycosides, terpenes, etc. The identification of the phytochemicals can be used to predict the pharmacological activity of a plant. The formulation used in literary works contains phytoconstituents that have been linked to a variety of pharmacological actions. Therefore, these plants may be exploited to create medications that are efficient against diabetes, heart attack, bacteria, and microorganisms as well as cancer cells.

In the 1980s, the term "evidence-based practice" was developed to represent a process for selecting the best course of action based on available scientific data. The push for evidence-based practise started in England in the early 1990s. Making decisions about a patient's care using the best available evidence is known as evidence-based medicine (EBM) or evidence-based practise (EBP). Evidence-based practising is both a methodology and a way of thinking. The idea is founded on the moral precept that patients have a right to get the best interventions possible. Finding and putting into action those interventions is how we go about using the EBP methodology.

This paper is a tentative endeavor to analyze the functions of interpersonal grammatical metaphor used in Biden’s 2022 State of the Union Address based on the theoretical framework which is composed of interpersonal grammatical metaphor theory and the theory of meta-functions within systematic functional grammar. The interpersonal grammatical metaphor used in this speech is examined from two aspects as metaphors of mood and modality. Quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis are both employed to reveal the linguistic characteristics as well as the interpersonal meaning hidden in the speech, aiming at explore the meta-functions of interpersonal grammatical metaphor so that the understanding of the speech content is deepened. The research has found out that metaphor of modality is the preferred type of interpersonal grammatical metaphor in the chosen linguistic text, which mostly serves to express the speaker’s evaluation of a proposition. The metaphor of mood accounts for a lower proportion, which is mainly used to express the address function. The functions of these two types of interpersonal grammatical metaphor are mainly within the scope of interpersonal meta-function, which relates to interact with others in order to establish and maintain the social relationship. This linguistic research proves the necessity and significance of the existence of grammatical metaphor theory and to some extent enriches the research of interpersonal grammatical metaphor in spoken discourse.

The primary objective of the school as an organization is to effect learning in the learners which they can demonstrate both in attitude and in their mental and adjustment behaviours. In Education, emphasis is laid on three domains of the educational objectives. These are cognitive (mental) domain, affective (behavioural) domain, and psychomotor (hand) domain. However, to achieve these three essential domains, the learner should respond to the three objectives under certain conditions. These conditions affect how the learner learns and also his willingness to learn. This paper therefore, examines the effects of the factors that affect the learner’s desire to learn and also proffers solution to the problems inhibiting the positive effects in teaching and learning under psycho-socio-physical parameters.

Pyogenic granuloma is a non-neoplastic reactive lesion that commonly occurs in gingiva. It is rarely found in extra gingival sites such as tongue, lip, palate and buccal mucosa. Lesions affecting the tongue are rarer and very few cases are reported. Unusual site of such lesions can be a diagnostic challenge. This case report describes an uncommon location of pyogenic granuloma occurring on the lateral border of tongue in a 60 -year-old male patient.

River tourism occurs on the water or along the riverside. River tourism includes water rafting, cruises, boat vacations, canoeing, riverside walks, and riverside cycling. River tourism is a consequence of post-industrialization tourism evolution. Since post-industrialization, human beings have returned to recognizing rivers' natural attributes. River tourism teaching offers the concept of river tourism, urban river tourism, river cruising, and construction of tourism facilities. The paper suggests that the river cruise is developed in Europe and the Yangtze River. Also, river tourism teaching stresses the ecological value and sustainable tourism. The on-site river tourism teaching and classroom group discussion are essential.

Currently, the trend of globalization, regionalization and international economic integration has been having a strong impact on the cultural life of our country. Globalization and regionalization is an objective trend that has both positive and negative aspects affecting the national culture. We resolutely oppose the imposition of cultural values, ethics, lifestyle in the way of “Europeanization, Americanization”. On the other hand, we need to actively study and absorb positive values, the quintessence of human culture to enrich ourselves, avoid closed-minded, xenophobic. The view that culture is considered a resource for socio-economic development is a scientific, modern and highly practical view, especially in the period of accelerating industrialization associated with the knowledge economy and integration. international today. We must pay special attention to enhancing the vision and culture in the guidelines and policies of the Party and State in all different fields. Deep understanding of the era and the nation is an important starting point for us to make the right policy and action. The article mentions the views of the Party on building and developing an advanced culture imbued with national identity; direction of cultural construction and development; At the same time, he mentioned the basic tasks in the process of building and developing the cause of cultural development in our country.

Caffeine is widely consumed by the world population because its presence in major constitute of beverages like coffee and tea. This study was aimed at determining the biochemical effect on caffeine consumption in male wistar rats. This was a case-control study of the effect of exposing 180gram-220gram male wistar rats to caffeine for 3 days. Blood cortisol, FBG and FBC were measured in all the animals. Serum cortisol was significantly lower in the control group (P<0.001) and there was a significant weight loss in the caffeine-treated rats (P<0.001). Caffeine consumption had a significant direct correlation with weight (r-0.88 p<0.001). Similarly, increase cortisol level was significantly associated with increase in caffeine consumption (P>0.002).

Clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated that diclofenac sodium (DFS) administration could result in male reproductive dysfunction. Erythrina senegalensis (ES) is a potent medicinal plant with antioxidants that may significantly impact cellular redox homeostasis, including male reproduction. Therefore, the study investigated the attenuative effects of hydroethanolic leaf extract of Erythrina senegalensis (HLEES) in DFS-induced testicular and epididymal toxicity in male albino rats. Thirty male Wistar rats of 5 rats per group were used in this study and were randomly divided into 6 groups (A–F) and treated for 21 days. Rats in group A (control group) received distilled water orally; Group B was given DFS at 10 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally (IP). Group C and D were given HLEES at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight orally respectively. Groups E and F were given DFS at 10 mg/kg + HLEES at 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively. Spermatological profiles and testicular histopathology were assessed. DFS-treated rats showed significant (p<0.05) reduction in relative organ weight and sperm parameters. Also, DFS treatment increased the percentage of sperm abnormalities relative to the control, and the groups administered HLEES only. Co-administration of HLEES with DFS improved the spermatological parameters and ease some effects of DFS on the reproductive and accessory organs mentioned above. HLEES was also seen to play a beneficial role in the histopathological effects of DFS on the testicular tissues. The current findings have shown that this evaluated plant extract may have ameliorative effects on DFS-induced testicular and epididymal injuries in rats.

Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS) is a rare genetic disorder that is characterized by the overgrowth of various parts of the body. We present a unique case of a young man with SGBS associated with pituitary insufficiency. This association has not been described yet in the literature. The patient was diagnosed with SGBS at 12 years, which was further confirmed through genetic testing (de novo nonsense mutation of the GPC3 gene). At the age of 18, the patient consulted for alteration of the general condition with asthenia. Laboratory evaluation revealed pituitary insufficiency consisting of central hypothyroidism associated with partial secondary adrenal insufficiency. The pituitary MRI was unremarkable. So far, Pituitary insufficiency has never been described in SGBS cases. To our knowledge, this is the first case reported in the literature.

A study on job satisfaction study among Graduate School professor/lecturer respondents of President Ramon Magsaysay State University, Iba, Zambales, Philippines was conducted during the first quarter of the school year 2023. A descriptive research design with standardizes survey checklist on job satisfaction. The study used a descriptive statistical tool in analyzing the data gathered. Dimensions of the job satisfaction include pay, promotion, supervision, fringe benefits, contingent rewards, operating conditions, co-workers, nature of work and communication. Majority of the Graduate School professor/lecturer respondents are female, holders of Doctorate degree, Associate Professors and Assistant Professors and working in PRMSU for less than two decades. The Graduate School professor/lecturer respondents strongly agreed that they are satisfied with the aspect of job satisfaction primarily Supervision; followed by nature of work and communication. Overall the Graduate School professor/lecturer respondents perceived strongly agreed they are satisfied with their job/work at the Department during the New Normal.

Ginger has potent values as a medicinal plant which originated from China and India. Currently there is a renewed interest in ginger because of its various active pharmacological ingredients including gingerols, beta-carotene, capsaicin, caffeic acid, curcumin, and salicylate making it a potential source of research to use as a drug. The present study was aimed at extraction of ginger root extract in acetone and methanol solvents by Soxhlet extraction method, screening of phytochemical constituents of ginger extract in acetone and methanol and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity against known pathogenic microorganism. The qualitative analysis of phytochemicals revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and steroids in the extracts of ginger. Results of antimicrobial activity showed that ginger in acetone was having highest activity against Escherichia coli MTCC 334 with 24 mm of clear zone and lowest activity with ginger in methanol against Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441 with 10 mm of clear zone.

Introduction: Anemia remains a public health problem in both industrialized and developing countries. Developing countries have the highest prevalence, especially in children. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anaemia in children aged 2-59 months in the paediatric ward of the commune II health centre in Bamako. Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive study which took place from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2018, i.e. a period of 2 years. All children aged 2 months to 59 months hospitalised with clinical anaemia who had a blood count or haemoglobin and/or haematocrit measurement hospitalised in the paediatric ward during the study period were included. Anemia was defined according to WHO criteria. The etiological search was guided by clinical signs and complementary examinations. Results: The prevalence of anaemia was 16.63%. The age group 12 to 23 months was the most represented. The children were predominantly male (56%). The anaemia was severe in 50%, moderate and mild in 50%. The anaemia was predominantly microcytic and hypochromic in 68%. Fever was the first reason for consultation in 75% and malaria was the main pathology in 56%. The mortality rate of anaemic patients was 3%. Conclusion: Anemia is a real problem among children in commune II. The main etiology was malaria. Strengthening malaria prevention could reduce its incidence.