Introduction: Anemia remains a public health problem in both industrialized and developing countries. Developing countries have the highest prevalence, especially in children. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anaemia in children aged 2-59 months in the paediatric ward of the commune II health centre in Bamako. Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive study which took place from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2018, i.e. a period of 2 years. All children aged 2 months to 59 months hospitalised with clinical anaemia who had a blood count or haemoglobin and/or haematocrit measurement hospitalised in the paediatric ward during the study period were included. Anemia was defined according to WHO criteria. The etiological search was guided by clinical signs and complementary examinations. Results: The prevalence of anaemia was 16.63%. The age group 12 to 23 months was the most represented. The children were predominantly male (56%). The anaemia was severe in 50%, moderate and mild in 50%. The anaemia was predominantly microcytic and hypochromic in 68%. Fever was the first reason for consultation in 75% and malaria was the main pathology in 56%. The mortality rate of anaemic patients was 3%. Conclusion: Anemia is a real problem among children in commune II. The main etiology was malaria. Strengthening malaria prevention could reduce its incidence.

Introduction: Psychosocial factors, such as stress, adversity, socioeconomic status, depression, and anxiety, are associated with overall health and with cardiovascular health in particular. Psychosocial risk factors have been frequently studied in relation to coronary heart disease. In observational studies, high levels of depression and anxiety have consistently been associated with incident coronary heart disease, whereas associations with hostility and social support have been mixed. However, psychosocial factors have been examined less often in HF. Among patients with HF, depression is the most commonly researched psychosocial risk factor. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to determine the psychosocial antecedents to precipitation of congestive heart failure in cardiac patients. Methods: This was a prospective study and was conducted in the Department of Cardiology of Lugansk State Medical University (LSMU), Hospital No-01, Lugansk, Ukraine during the period from November, 2008 to September 2009. We included 120 patients with heart disease in our study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups – HF group (Patients who hadn’t any heart failure, n=60) and No-HF group (Patients who had heart failure, n=60) Result: In total 120 patients from both the groups completed the study. In our study we found majority (35.83%) of our patients were aged 61-70 years and most of our patients were female (62%) compared to male (38%). We found the mean age was 49.73 ± 8.9 years. Among all patients 76.67% were smoker, 70% had DM, 80% had history of hypertension, 31.67% had asthma, 59.17% had previous history of CVD and the mean duration of CVD was 3.29±2.41 years. The mean BMI was 27.67±4.24 kg/m2. TC, HDL & LDL was higher in no-HF group which indicates a lower risk of heart disease while Tg was higher in HF group indicating a great risk of heart disease. We also found CRP , albumin & fibrinogen was higher in HF group that indicates a greater risk of heart disease. Among all psychosocial factors, anger, anxiety, depressive symptoms, hostility and self-reported health were found higher in HF group compared to no-HF group. Conclusion: In our study, we found statistically significant relationships between psychosocial factors and incident HF. However, adverse levels of psychosocial factors played a role to be an indicator of HF development among cardiac patients. We found psychosocial risk factors such as anger, anxiety, depressive symptoms, hostility and self-reported health as an indicator of congestive heart failure among our cardiac patients.

The name ichthyosis comes from the Greek word for "fish" because sufferers can have dry, scaly skin. The HARLEQUIN Baby disease or congenital ichthyosis of the Harlequin fetus type is an orphan genetic disease that mainly affects babies and young children Harlequin Ichthyosis is a very rare genetic disease with an estimated prevalence of less than 1/1000,000 associated with significant morbidity (<50%) and mortality shortly after birth. Diagnosis is based on clinical examination (brown, scaly and very dry skin making it difficult for the baby to move), skin biopsy and analysis.

Increasing incidences of obesity are widely and significantly connected to the risks of cardiovascular/coronary heart diseases, hypertension, stroke, etc. However, prevalence of obesity contrasts by genetic, gender and inter/intra population factors. The present study thus investigated the changes in atherogenic lipid profile in obese women resident in Rivers State. A minimum sample size of 272 was determined using the Leslie Fischer's formula; precisely 334 obese and non-obese women within their 18 and 65 years of age with no critical health condition and resident in Upland and Riverine areas of Rivers State were actually surveyed by the present study. A multistage sampling technique was adopted, and subjects were recruited across the upland and riverine locations of the State. These subjects were uniformly drawn from the multi-ethnic residents of the state. Anthropometric (body mass index-BMI) data and blood sample (via antecubital vein following standard procedures) were obtained from the consenting subjects. After laboratory analyses, the numerical data were subjected to statistical analyses using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t-test with a p< 0.05 considered statistically significant were determined. Virtually all atherogenic lipid profile markers evaluated in the present study [TC, TG, and LDL-C, Castelli risk index (CRI), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and AC atherogenic coefficient (AC)] were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the obese subjects compared to those of the non-obese. And the values were even higher in the riverine obese subjects than in those of their upland counterparts. In conclusion, the outcome of the present study indicates possible existence of intra-cultural or intra-population distinctions that may be responsible for the severer atherogenic lipid profile of the obese subjects, (particularly amongst the riverine subjects). The likely imminent grave health risks (like coronary artery diseases, cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerotic, etc.) amongst the subjects (mainly the riverine residents) must be checked and properly managed at the levels of the individual, caregiver and government/regulators, in order to consciously reduce the huge health burden of obesity in our populace.

This paper explores values cultivation in classes using project-based learning (PBL) teaching method. It can cultivate students’ sense of social responsibility and patriotism, enhance students’ teamwork spirit and enable learners to combine knowledge with practice.

Linguistics is an interdisciplinary field that draws on insights from psychology, sociology, anthropology, computer science, philosophy, and other fields. It seeks to understand how language is acquired, how it changes over time, how it varies across cultures and regions, and how it is used in different contexts and for different purposes. The publication of The Study of Language in 2022 by George Yule who was an American linguist aroused a world-wide interest among scientists, especially linguists. This article concentrates on the reviews based on the book The Study of Language written by George Yule.

This study focuses on the phenomenon of speech acts in Joe Biden’s victory speech in the US presidential election 2020. There are 30 selected utterances taken from Joe Biden’s victory speech. This study applies a qualitative method. Moreover, the data in this study are in the form of utterances which contain speech acts. The analysis begins by classifying the types of speech acts used by Joe Biden in his victory speech using Searle’s theory of speech acts (1976), and the theory of context by Brown and Yule (1983). In total there are 30 utterances; 11 utterances are representative, 7 utterances are directive, 6 utterances are commissive, 5 utterances are expressive, and 1 utterance is declarative. The second research question is to reveal the implied meanings of the speech acts used by Joe Biden in his victory speech. The results of this study show that the implied meanings from Joe Biden’s utterances in his victory speech are about the commitments he will carry out in the future and to convince the audience of his sincerity in running for president of the United States of America by presenting the great programs he will run when in office and stresses the importance of unity in building and moving the nation forward.

This study examined the impact of women's empowerment on Indonesia's economic growth, women's empowerment programs, and the forms of women's contributions to foster economic growth. The data used were the number of women’s representation in parliament, women as professionals, women’s expenditure, women's life expectancy, the percentage of women's population, and the growth rate of gross regional domestic product (GRDP) in 34 provinces of Indonesia from 2017-2021. This study combined quantitative and qualitative methods. The panel data regression and fixed effect model used in the data analysis model demonstrated that the findings of life expectancy have a negative and significant impact on GRDP in 34 provinces of Indonesia. The percentage of women’s population has a negative and significant impact on the GRDP in 34 provinces of Indonesia. Women play a significant role in advancing the economy that the government remains committed to enhancing women's knowledge, skills and self-confidence through women's empowerment programs. It is envisaged that the women's empowerment program will produce excellent and high-quality human resources, which will help Indonesia's economy grow and develop.

A radical shift has been witnessed in consumer buying behavior worldwide due to the outbreak of COVID-19. With the increasing demand for smartphones across the globe, there is a need for marketers to identify the taste and preferences of the prospects. In this study, we have made an effort to understand prospects’ views on the attributes of smartphones. An attempt has been made to understand the desirable combinations in the light of reputed brands the prospects are seeking before making a commitment. We even tried to rank different brands using the Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) technique to help the marketers for framing marketing strategies to compete in this volatile market.

Background: Short inter-pregnancy interval (SIPI) has been linked with low maternal haematological indices and adverse fetal outcome. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended a minimum of 24 months inter-pregnancy interval to reduce the risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. However, sub-optimal pregnancy spacing is common in many developing countries including Nigeria. Objectives: To determine the impact of inter-pregnancy interval on maternal serum ferritin, haematocrit level and fetal outcome among parturient in University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria. Study Design: A prospective cohort study of parturient less than 20weeks gestation. Those who did not satisfy the WHO recommended inter-pregnancy interval of at least 24months were categorized as group II while gestational age and social status matched parturient who satisfied the WHO recommendation were in group I. Methodology: A total of 316 parturient who satisfied the inclusion criteria were recruited for the study by systematic sampling. These were equal number of 158 participants each as subject and control. Subject and control were matched for gestational age and social status. The serum ferritin and haematocrit levels as well as fetal outcome were evaluated for each participant. The results were analysed using SPSS version 20.0 with appropriate tables and figures generated. Results: There was statistically significance difference in the mean levels of serum ferritin (P<0.001) and haematocrit (P<0.001) at booking for the two groups of participants. There was statistically significant difference in the gestational age at delivery (P<0.001) with higher rate of preterm delivery (22.1% vs. 1.9%; P<0.001) in group II compared to group I. In addition, there were higher percentages of group II babies with 1st (32.5% vs. 9.6%; P<0.001) and 5th minute (18.2% vs. 1.9%; P<0.001) APGAR scores < 7 compared to group I babies (P<0.001). The mean birth weight was lower in group II (2.70±0.35 vs. 3.10±0.31; P<0.001) with higher need for neonatal resuscitation (16.9% vs. 2.6%; P<0.001) and intensive care admission (18.2% vs. 1.3%; P<0.001) among neonates of women in group II. Neonatal anaemia (15.4% vs. 0.0%; P<0.001) occurred only in group II participants’ babies. Neonatal mortality was zero for group I and 18(11.7%) for group II babies. Conclusion: Inter-pregnancy interval below the WHO recommendation is associated with low maternal serum ferritin and haematocrit levels as well as adverse fetal outcome. Recommendations: Adequate child spacing should be emphasized during antenatal visits, postpartum counselling, postnatal clinic visits as well as other contacts with non-pregnant women of reproductive age.

Background: The prevalence and impact of nosocomial infections, the importance of infection control measures, and the role of nurses in preventing and managing these infections. It could also discuss previous research on the topic and identify gaps in knowledge or areas for further investigation. Nosocomial infections challenge healthcare and cause prolonged recovery and death if untreated. Bacteria, fungi, and viruses can cause these infections. Objective: The study also aimed to highlight the importance of continuous education for registered nurses to improve their efficiency in preventing nosocomial infections. Material and Method: This descriptive observational study was conducted at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi, in Bangladesh, from July to November 2019. The relationships between nurse’s knowledge and practice, with a sample size of 200 nurse’s. The age range of the participants was 30-35 years (40%), 36-40 years (20%), 41-45 years (16%), 46-50 years (16%), and 50+ years (8%). Females constituted 89% of the sample, with 76% having a diploma in nursing and midwifery, 12% having a B.Sc. in nursing, and 12% having an M.Sc./MPH. Result: According to a survey of nurse’s, 86% knew about nosocomial infections, with 74% citing improper sterilization as the main cause and 66% aware of risk factors. Most believed they spread in hospitals (64%), and poor health status was a primary risk factor (64%), with 92% received health education, and 98% received help with investigations. Tuberculosis was the most common organism responsible (60%) followed by Candida albicans (26%). Primary risk factors were poor health status (64%) and surgical drains (10%). Disinfection of patient equipment (72%) was the most effective barrier, and urinary tract infections (66%) were the most common complication. Environmental changes (70%) were considered the best prevention method. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for registered nurses to stay up-to-date with infection control and sterile technique principles to prevent nosocomial infections. To effectively care for both the mother and the newborn, it is necessary to determine the best approach to them both for the entirety of the pregnancy.

This article investigates the theoretical treatment of mixed convection heat enhancement flow for an electrically-conducting and viscous dissipative fluid traveling vertically through a thermodynamic system where the parallel plates are constantly heated in a slit micro-channel due to mixed convection with porous material. One surface had super-hydrophobic slip and a temperature jump, whereas the other did not. The perturbation technique (semi-analytical method) was employed to solve the nonlinear and coupled leading equations. The results were carefully scrutinized, and the effects of the relevant controlling parameters are shown using different plots. It is concluded from this analysis that the fluid temperature and velocity was found to increase as the viscous dissipation term is increased. Similarly, the function of Darcy porous number is to significantly strengthen the fluid velocity, and these effects are stronger at the heated super-hydrophobic surface, whereas mounting level of magnetic field is seen to drastically weaken the fluid motion in the microchannel. Setting Br and A to zero respectively, Gr/Re=1, and Da to 1000, so that the term 1/Da becomes insignificant, Jha and Gwandu (2017)'s work is retrieved, verifying the accuracy of the current analysis. Further, the outcomes of this research can have possible applications in the lubrication industry and biomedical sciences and has proved very useful to designers in increasing the performance of mechanical systems when viscous dissipation is involved, as well as heat transfer in micro-channels, as it is in combustion.

The rising prevalence of obesity is known to be associated with the risks of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) amongst others, but the levels vary across gender and different populations. The present study therefore evaluated the impact of body mass index (BMI) status on basic renal functions in obese women resident in Rivers State of Nigeria. The least allowed sample size of 272 was determined using the Leslie Fischer's formula; exactly 334 obese and non-obese women within their 18 and 65 years of age with no critical health condition and resident in Upland and Riverine areas of Rivers State were actually surveyed by the present study. A multistage sampling technique was adopted, and subjects were surveyed across the upland and riverine locations of the State. These subjects were evenly drawn from the multi-ethnic residents of the state. Anthropometric (body mass index-BMI) data and blood sample (via antecubital vein following standard procedures) were obtained from the consenting subjects. After laboratory analyses, the numerical data were subjected to statistical analyses using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t-test with a p< 0.05 considered statistically significant were determined. There were generally significant (p<0.05) increases in the creatinine and marked (p<0.05) reduction in the estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) in the obese subjects compared to the non-obese and also with increasing BMI. The Creatinine and eGFR values were significantly (p<0.0) dyregulated. In conclusion, the above results of the present study are only markers of renal risks, (e.g. chronic kidney disease, etc.) and not necessarily incidences of emergencies. It however suggestive that obese women in Rivers Sate of Nigeria, particularly the riverine residents should take caution as their obesity status could predispose them to significant renal disorders.

Background: Supracondylar fractures are a common type of elbow fracture in children, and Gartland type III fractures are the most severe form of this injury. These fractures may be treated with either closed reduction and percutaneous pinning or open reduction and internal fixation using pins. Objective: To evaluate the outcome of pediatric stiffness in Gartland type III supracondylar fractures using the Flynn's criteria. Materials and Methods: A Multicentered based prospective study was performed in 250 Beded District Hospital, Chapainawabganj, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, from January 2021 to December 2022. A total of 80 patients with displaced type III extension supracondylar fractures were included, all of whom were treated at two separate facilities in a systematic way. Closed reduction and percutaneous cross-pinning were the major components of treatment at (n = 43). ORIF was the treatment plan (n = 37) for patients. Their stiffness was evaluated over a 6-month follow-up period. Result: A total of 80 displaced type III extension supracondylar fractures treated primarily closed reduction and percutaneous cross-pinning (n=43), while the other used primarily open reduction and internal fixation (n=37) with two lateral parallel pins (n=11), cross pins (n=11) and two lateral and one medial pin (n =15), 28 patients (75.6%) had an excellent result, six patients (18.9%) had a good result, two patients (4.6%) had a fair result, and one patient (2.7%) had a poor result in the ORIF group. In the CRPF group, 33 (76.7%) patients had an excellent result, seven (16.2%) patients had a good result, two (4.6%) patients had a fair result, and one (2.4%) patient had a poor result. The stability and configuration of the fracture open and closed reduction groups were not statistically significant according to Flynn's criteria (P>0.05). Concision: This study provides valuable information on the evaluation of pediatric stiffness in Gartland type III supracondylar fractures and highlights the need for careful follow-up to detect and manage any potential stiffness. Although closed reduction did not show any superiority over open reduction, it was suggested as the first treatment choice due to its low morbidity and short hospital stay.

Communication research has established a cause-effect relationship between amount of media exposure and audience awareness about issues in the society. Against this, different media programmes have been rolled out in an effort to help in combatting the scourge of non-communicable diseases. Among them is in Ramogi FM, a local radio station that broadcast ‘Miya Ngima programme which seeks to inform and educate its listeners on type 2 diabetes prevention among other diseases. Despite the existence of this programme, the disease prevalence seems to be on the rise coupled with low awareness levels within the area of study. This study, therefore, purposed to examine the efficacy Miya Ngima radio programme on awareness creation about type 2 diabetes prevention. McCombs and Shaw’s (1972) Agenda-Setting Theory was used in the study. The study adopted descriptive and correlational research designs. Systematic random sampling was used to get 400 programme listeners. Purposive sampling was used to select 2 Miya Ngima programmes on type 2 diabetes and 1 Miya Ngima programme host. In collecting data from listeners and the programme host, questionnaires and structured interviews were used respectively. Coding sheets were used to obtain data from Miya Ngima programmes. The findings revealed that amount of audience exposure to Miya Ngima programme resulted in increased audience awareness about type 2 diabetes.